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Modal   verbs can, could, may, might, must, ought to, will, would, shall, should, need.
Ability
Can  is the Present Simple and  could  is the Past Simple.  Can  borrows the rest of its tenses from  be able to . eg. He  hasn’t been able to  call them yet, but he  can  call them tomorrow. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Permission
Asking for permission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Giving or refusing permission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Talking about permission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advice
Advice (saying what the best thing to do is) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Criticism (saying what the best thing to do was in the past) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Obligation – necessity - prohibition
Necessity - obligation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Must  is used only for present and future situations. It borrows the rest of its tenses from  have to .  Have to  forms its questions and negations with  do/does  (Present Simple) and  did  (Past simple). Did you have to  stay late at work yesterday? Yes, I  had to  type some urgent letters. (“Must” is not possible in the past tense.
Absence of necessity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prohibition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Probability
Probability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possibility
Possibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Modal verbs

  • 1. Modal verbs can, could, may, might, must, ought to, will, would, shall, should, need.
  • 3.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Obligation – necessity - prohibition
  • 12.
  • 13. Must is used only for present and future situations. It borrows the rest of its tenses from have to . Have to forms its questions and negations with do/does (Present Simple) and did (Past simple). Did you have to stay late at work yesterday? Yes, I had to type some urgent letters. (“Must” is not possible in the past tense.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 17.
  • 19.