2. 18 Century
th
Enlightenment or Age of Reason was an elite
cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century
Europe that sought to mobilize the power of reason
in order to reform society and advance knowledge.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau. "Man is born free, but is
everywhere in chains".
Immanuel Kant - We do not see true reality, nor do
we speak of it. All we know of reality is
appearances.
Psychoanalysis 2
3. 19th Century
Evolution – Charles Darwin
Free market – Adam Smith
Marxism – Marx
Psychoanalysis 3
4. 19th and 20th century
Friedrich Nietzsche
Hegel
Auguste Comte ( positivism)
George Eliot – writer-Use of psychological insight
Émile Durkheim
Arthur Schopenhauer - Metaphysical analysis of
will, his views on human motivation and desires.
Freud – Psychology
Max Weber - Anti-positivism
Psychoanalysis 4
5. Freud
The motive of human society is in the last resort an
economic one. ( need to labour)
We repress our tendencies to pleasure and
gratification.
Freud - Internal Marx - External
Need to work - Need to work – social
psychical life terms
Represssed desires - Concious about
uncouncious reality
Psychoanalysis 5
6. Id, Superego and Ego Sublimation:
Transfer desire
to more socially
valued end
Repression
Sick: neurosis
Pleasure principle Reality principle
Id Super Ego
EGO EGO
Psychoanalysis 6
8. Only penis Freud's Psychosexual Stages
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvOoYX45G_0
At this moment,
a person might become
narcissistic
Psychoanalysis 8
9. Lacan and Freud
Infant's development
No clear distication between
object and subject, itself
and the external world.
Freud: Pre-oedipal stage
Lacan: Imaginary
Lacks any defined center of
self.
Psychoanalysis 9
10. Oedipus and Electra complex
Oedipus complex is for Freud the beginnings of
morality, conscience, law and all forms of social
and religious authority.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvOoYX45G_0
1:29
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA35ys91QJU
How does this commercial contradict the classical
Oedipus complex?
Psychoanalysis 10
12. Problems
What are the possible problems for this model
(Oedipus complex)?
Sexist?
Psychoanalysis as a medical practice is a form of
social control? Labeling individuals as “normal” or
not.
Justifies capital relations?
Only one model?
Indigenous societies with a 3rd gender? Western-
centered?
Psychoanalysis 12
13. Concious and uncouncious
Both emerges form the Oedipus complex. The
subject is split.
Dreams represent the
symbolic fulfilment.
Not expressed directly
Because it might be shocking.
(Symbolic texts)
parapraxes
unaccountable slips of the
Dreams aren't the only acess tongue
to the unconcious.
mislaying
Failure of memory
jokes
Psychoanalysis bunglings 13
misreadings
14. Neurosis
Obsessions ( Obsessive-compulsive disorder)
Ex: Having to touch every green color
Hysteria (in which anxiety may be discharged
through a physical symptom)
Ex: Developed a paralyzed arm for no good organic
reason.
Phobias
Ex: Being unreasonably afraid of something, like open
spaces.
Psychoanalysis 14
15. Internal and external relations
Alternative delusional
Reality
Uncouncious overcome
Internal Ego
Conflicts
Psychoanalysis 15
16. Eros and Thanatos
Eros is the drive of life, love,
creativity, and sexuality, self-
satisfaction, and species
preservation.
Thanatos, from the Greek word for
"death" is the drive of aggression,
sadism, destruction, violence, and
death.
Psychoanalysis 16
17. Psychoanalytical reading of the novel
Content analysis: looking at what is said rather than
how it is said.
Subtexts
It is divided into four kinds depending on what it takes
as its object of attention:
1) Author of the work
2) Work's contents
3)Formal construction
4) The reader
Psychoanalysis 17
18. Critics
Kristeva - patriarchal sexual and social order
Transcendental signifier of the phallus dominated by
the law which the father embodies.
The language of the semiotic as a means
of undermining the symbolic order
Semiotic is fluid and plural. It is not an alternative to
the symbolic order. It is a process within our
conventional sign-systems, which questions and
transgresses their limits.
Psychoanalysis 18
