Environment Business

1. ENERGY &
ENERGY RESOURCES
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2. Energy & Energy Resources
• Energy & energy resources important to economies
– Hunter-gatherer
– Agricultural
– Industrial
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3. Energy & Energy Resources
• Sources of energy for
the modern industrial
economy
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4. Energy & Energy Resources
•
•
Energy use related to
– Prosperity
– Quality of life
More energy used: more GNP
per capita. Is this correct?
– but, Switzerland, Japan,
Denmark, Germany have
achieved high GNP using
less energy than USA
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5. How we use Energy
• Electrical
– lighting (room, street,
advertising)
– heating & air conditioning
– air circulation
• Heat
• Kinetic.
– transportation
• cars
• trucks
• trains
• airplanes
– residential & commercial
buildings
– hot water
– industrial processes
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6. Energy & Economy
• Electricity
• (In)efficiency: 2nd Law
• ~ 75% of energy lost in generation from coal
and “stepping down” to household voltage
• Inefficient incandescent light bulbs
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7. Electrical generation sources
–
–
–
–
Fossil fuels, 66.6%
Nuclear,
15.2%
Hydro,
16.0%
Renewable, 2.2%
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8. Energy Formation
•
Fossil fuels
– Coal
– Petroleum
• crude oil
• tar sands
• oil shales
– Natural gas
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9. Energy Source
• Coal
– Fossilized plant
remains, mostly 250300 Million yr old
– Abundant
– Enough to last
~200 years at
present rate of
use
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10. Energy & Economy
•
Coal mining
– Subsurface mining
• Dangerous to miners
– Open cast mining
• Destroys surface
landscape
• Acid drainage
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11. Energy & Economy
• Electrical generation from coal
– Source, quality of coal
– Emissions
– Ash disposal
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12. Energy & Economy
• Petroleum
• crude oil
• tar sands
• oil shales
• Production
• transport
• Consumption
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13. Energy & Economy
• Crude oil refined to:
– fuel
• gasoline
• diesel
– lubricants
• motor oil, etc.
– asphalt paving
– plastics
• By-products
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14. When will we run out of oil?
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15. Energy & Economy
•
Other uses for petroleum: Plastics, solvents, asphalt, rubber
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16. Energy & Economy
• Natural gas
– Clean burning
• CO2
• H2O
– Difficult &
dangerous to store
and transport
• Pipelines
• Liquid natural gas
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17. Energy & Economy
• Alternatives to
fossil fuels
– Nuclear
energy
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18. Energy & Economy
•
Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Nuclear power for electrical generation
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19. Energy & Environmental Impact
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20. Energy & Economy
• Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Biomass energy
• Wood
• Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
• Vegetable oil
– Land dedicated to biomass
production
• Unavailable for food
• Nutrient depletion
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21. Energy & Economy
• Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Hydroelectric energy
– Dams
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22. Energy & Economy
• Alternatives to fossil
fuels
– Wind energy
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23. Energy & Economy
Solar Energy
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24. Energy & Economy
•
Alternatives to fossil fuels
– Hydrogen fuel cells
• Used in space capsules,
shuttles, International
Space Station, since 1960s
• Strip hydrogen atoms of
electrons
– Electrons flow
(current)
– Protons pass through
membrane
– Waste = water vapor
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25. Energy Conservation
• Drive less
– Carpool
– Mass Transport
– Walk, bike
• Drive a more
efficient car
• Use stairs
• Recycle
• Make home more
energy efficient
• Buy locally grown food
• Buy locally produced
goods
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