Presented by Nicolai Schaaf, Swedish Water House SIWI, "Reducing Wastewater, Increasing Efficiency" at the UN Global Supplier Meeting, the SPHS Capacity Building Sessions, Waste Water Treatment with Focus on Hazardous Substance Session, in 26th of November, 2015 Copenhagen DENMARK.

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Water and
Pharmaceuticals
Reducing Wastewater,
Increasing Efficiency
Nicolai Schaaf, SIWI

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• There is more to Water and
Pharmaceuticals than scaling
up wastewater treatment.
• ”Value added water” focuses
on resource recovery rather
than on resource depletion
for added treatment.
• Invitation to explore your
company’s Water-Energy-
Chemicals-Nexus
What do we want?

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Water and Development
SIWI and Swedish Water House

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Cluster group with Swedish Stakeholders
SIWI and Pharmaceuticals
Production
Wastewater
Consumption
ProcurementMonitoring

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Mere Wastewater treatment?
PEC > PNEC  
PEC < PNEC  


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SIWI and Pharmaceuticals Industry

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Raw water
sourcing
Inlet water typical value:
€ 0.1 – 0.6/m3
Typical storage at 20-
300C
Cooling of
soft-flow
machines
Cooling circuit
Water absorbs heat
and is at 50-600C
Value of hot water:
€ 2-3/m3
Reverse Osmosis
pre-treatment
Value: € 1-2/m3
TDS < 150 ppm
Typical storage at 20-
300C
Wet-process circuit
Pre-process
(Ready for Dyeing) Value added:
Chemicals / enzymes + Heat
Value if water in process
€20/m3 in the case of Wovens
€14/m3 in the case of Knits
Discharge
Treatment cost:
€ 0.4- 1/m3
Dyeing
Value added:
Dyes, chemicals and auxiliaries
+ heat
Value of water in dye bath
€ 70/ m3 in the case of Wovens
€ 50/m3 in the case of knits
Value of condensate
(distilled water)
recovered:
€ 6-8 /m3
80-900C
Boiler
storage
Steam
generation
Value: € 4-5/m3
TDS < 150 ppm
Typical storage at 70-
800C
Heating circuit
Value of
steam:
€ 11-15/m3
.
Introducing Value-added Water
Reuse hot water from
soft flow cooling
water in process
Reuse process
water
Reuse caustic
wash liquor or
recover caustic
Re-vectoring and recovering
high value water at the
Water-Energy-Chemicals-Nexus:
 Water as a resource carrier
(priced accordingly)
 Develop the economic case for
interventions

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• Water usage in cooling towers/utilities
represents the single largest water usage
group accounting for ~65 percent of the
total water usage
• Steam used to carry heat in some
processes
Carry/reduce
heat
• Process water usage is presently at about
25 percent of the total water usage.
• Factories making active ingredients
generate 200 pounds of waste for every
pound of active pharmaceutical
ingredient produced
Solvent to carry
chemicals and
waste
How efficient is YOUR water usage?

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• Self assessments
• Individual follow up and packages
• Be prepared for future regulative and market
dynamics
Benchmarks as a competitive tool

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Thank you for
your attention!
nicolai.schaaf@siwi.org
http://stwi.se/assets/2015-STWI-Global-report-web.pdf

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Potable water
• Potable water, or water intended for human consumption, is also used as feed water for the production of purified water and water
for injections.
• Potable water may be used to rinse product-contacting surfaces of equipment. The same could be treated to reduce its microbial
content.
Purified Water (PW)
• Purified Water in bulk used as an excipient in the preparation of non-sterile products and as a starting material in the preparation of
water for injection and pharmaceutical-grade pure steam. It is also used for rinsing purposes (cleaning of containers) and in the
preparation of cleaning solutions.
• Purified Water in containers (bulk) that has been filled and stored in conditions designed to assure the required microbiological
quality. It must be free from any added substances.
Highly Purified Water (HPW)
• Is used in the preparation of medicinal products where bacterial endotoxins need to be controlled, except where water for injection
is required. Current methods for the preparation include double-pass reverse osmosis, reverse osmosis combined with ultrafiltration
and distillation.
Water for Injection (WFI)
• Sterilized Water for injection used for dissolving or diluting substances or preparations for parenteral administration.
• Water for injection in bulk used in the manufacture of parenteral and ophtalmic products. It is also used for final rinsing of
containers (e.g. primary packaging materials) and manufacture of these products.
Pure Steam (PS)
• Pure steam is evaporated above 100 °C and used for humidification and sterilisation of e.g. porous goods. The level of steam satura-
tion or dryness, and the amount of non-condensable gases are to be determined by the Pure Steam application. The condensate
must comply with the respective WFI requirements.
What is the value of different form of
process water requirements?