How to Master UX Testing in an Agile Design Process
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How to Master UX Testing in an Agile Design Process
- 1. How to Master UX Testing in an Agile Design Process Jon Innes Jeff Sauro March 29, 2012 Measuring Usability
- 2. Introductions www.uxinnovation.com Twitter @innes_jon ‘The Agile UX GURU’ Measuring Usability MeasuringUsability.com Founder at UserZoom alfonso@userzoom.com jeff@measuringusability.com @userzoom Twitter @MsrUsability ‘The Moderator’ ‘The UX Measurement MASTER’ UX INNOVATION LLC 2
- 3. Overview • Agile and UX • Jon Innes, approx 35 min • Agile Metrics An Example • Jeff Sauro, approx 15 min • Q&A session • Everyone, approx 10 min • Twitter hashtag #uzwebinar UX INNOVATION LLC 3
- 4. Myths I Hope to Dispel Today • Agile and user testing timelines are incompatible • You need working code to test with users • It’s hard to scale the usability testing process • Automating usability testing is not possible UX INNOVATION LLC 4
- 5. Things Change UX INNOVATION LLC 5
- 6. Factors Influencing User Research • Competitive forces make user experience far more critical than the past • Software development processes have changed • Product development cycles are faster, yearly release cycles are almost extinct • Modern technology allows us to do things we couldn’t do before UX INNOVATION LLC 6
- 7. The Old Way: Too Big & Too Late UX INNOVATION LLC 7
- 8. The 3x3 Way: Test Multiple Concepts Early • 3 concepts, 3 Design Refine pages deep • 3 iterations of design & test Combine • 3 or more users per iteration • Test low fidelity first, then high • Improve concept each iteration Refine • Combine best elements into 1 Design concept & iterate http://www.carolrighi.com/documents/Righi%203x3.pdf UX INNOVATION LLC 8
- 9. The RITE Way: Refine One Concept Faster REFINE REFINE REFINE DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN Schedule image from Brian Keith Sullivan http://bigdesignevents.com/2011/08/5-ways-to-improve-your-next-agile-project-with-the-rite-method/ RITE: Method http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RITE_Method UX INNOVATION LLC 9
- 10. The A/B Way: Refine Details At End Build & Design A Test A Launch A Update Build & Design B Test B Launch B Repeat • Design & build multiple designs and compare details • By nature less subject to test condition biases • Easy to get large sample sizes & statistically reliable metrics • Not so great at providing deeper insights on “why” UX INNOVATION LLC 10
- 11. The Challenge: Testing in an Agile Way • Traditional testing does not fit well into agile: • Recruiting can take up to two weeks • Reports and test plans take too long • You often don’t have a stable UI until too late • What can we do? Adapt existing methods? • Use old methods planning outside of agile timeframes? • 3x3 solves the “waiting till the end” for working UI problem • RITE is a step in the right direction, it speeds up iterations • A/B split tests are effective for tweaking final details UX INNOVATION LLC 11
- 12. What is Agile? A collection of best practices for developing software including: • Holding regular status meetings in a standup format • Requirements in the form of user stories or use cases • Defining tests for code before writing the code itself • Working in short iterations to create incremental improvements Common variations include Scrum & XP and all have a mindset that is best described as “lean” UX INNOVATION LLC 12
- 13. What is Scrum? Daily Scrum Meeting 24 Potentially Product Sprint hrs Shippable Backlog Backlog Product 2-4 Increment week Sprint Image from: http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/ UX INNOVATION LLC 13
- 14. What is Lean? The western interpretation of Taiichi Ohno’s set of values and practices for removing three types of inefficiencies: • 無駄 = muda wasted outputs • 斑 = mura unnecessary inconsistencies • 無理 = muri wasted efforts Lean Startups and Lean UX are based on these values and practices UX INNOVATION LLC 14
- 15. What is Lean UX? As response to the overall trend of using agile and lean methods, Lean UX applies the lean principles to UX: • Breaking deliverables down to fit into agile timelines so they are “just in time” • Reducing wasted effort associated with internal deliverables • Reducing the variability in UX deliverables that create waste • Collaborating more closely with non-UX team members • Getting user feedback earlier and on a more regular basis For more on Lean UX see: http://www.slideshare.net/balancedteam/02-sat-janice-lean-ux-landscape http://joshuaseiden.com/blog/2011/09/what-makes-it-lean/ http://uxdesign.smashingmagazine.com/2011/03/07/lean-ux-getting-out-of-the-deliverables-business/ UX INNOVATION LLC 15
- 16. Where’s The Waste? • Large formal reports that nobody reads • Studies that find big problems after it’s too late • Gathering unnecessarily large sample sizes • Retesting stuff over and over the manual way • Developing and launching real stuff just to learn what you could learned from simpler prototypes UX INNOVATION LLC 16
- 17. What’s Changed? • Product development cycles are getting faster • Businesses are now more UX savvy • In the US 79% of the population is now online • Remote automated usability testing solutions have become more: • More capable • Less costly • Easier to use UX INNOVATION LLC 17
- 18. What is Remote Automated User Testing? • Not just site analytics or surveys • Task oriented vs. impressions and time on site • Not limited to existing users of your site • Can be used on prototypes or working code • No moderator required • Combines the benefits of lab testing with the scalability of A/B testing UX INNOVATION LLC 18
- 19. Remote Automated Testing Supports • Task completion rates vs. just click counts • Time on tasks vs. simple time on site • Click path data by task • Heat maps showing where users click on a page • Task specific and overall comments • Structured survey data (such as SUS) • Video highlights (of user’s screens) UX INNOVATION LLC 19
- 20. Advantages of Automated Testing Automation of moderation allows you to: • Conduct large scale studies before having working code • Easily test competitive sites against your site • Compare functionality from past designs with minimal effort including changes of any size with ease • Gather large sample sizes like A/B testing and actionable insights comparable to traditional usability data • Gather data from users who do not currently visit your site • Reduce both testing costs and associated development UX INNOVATION LLC 20
- 21. Tips for More Agile Testing • Have personas agreed to by team before sprinting • Develop an appropriate recruiting strategy early • Define hypotheses & target metrics for stories in the backlog working with your product owner • Track usability metrics in a public place • Test early design concepts not just final details • Automate user testing for stories as you go & retest • Waiting until the end is the waterfall way UX INNOVATION LLC 21
- 22. Tips for Remote Automated Testing • Always run small pilots before large scale tests, in many cases this can provide valid data anyway • Allow at least a week for tests with panel participants • Combine intercept recruiting with panels to minimize costs while reaching both new and existing users • Keep the participant tasks to a small number to minimize drop out rates • Use content analysis techniques to analyze open ended survey data UX INNOVATION LLC 22
- 23. Some Things Stay The Same • Questions to ask on your team • Have we validated these stories and personas? • Did the iteration incorporate user feedback? • Can they use it? • Do they like it? • Would they recommend it to a friend? • Did we make it measurably better? • UX principles remain the same in agile • Iterations without user tests are a lost learning opportunity • Waiting until the end to user test is the waterfall way • The definition of “done” can only be determined by users UX INNOVATION LLC 23
- 24. Agile Metrics: An Example Jeff Sauro Measuring Usability UX INNOVATION LLC 24
- 25. Design Wireframes: Don’t Guess Test • Which Design Comp is better ? • Operationalize into Metrics UX INNOVATION LLC 25
- 26. Trick Test: Tree Test + Click Test • Use Photoshop Mockups with Core Nav/Content • Create a set of realistic task scenarios • For example, where would click to download drivers for your printer? • Recruit participants online to try and have them find the information. UX INNOVATION LLC 26
- 27. The Metrics • Time to locate (task) • Confidence • Task Difficulty • Preference UX INNOVATION LLC 27
- 28. 3 Design Comps: 2 Navigation Comps UX INNOVATION LLC 28
- 29. Add CSS & HTML to Create Clickable Hotspots UX INNOVATION LLC 29
- 30. Audio & Video With YouEye.com + UserZoom • UserZoom ensures tasks and comps appear in counterbalanced order • UserZoom records time and responses to questions UX INNOVATION LLC 30
- 31. Click Map from UserZoom • 73% click on top navigation • 90% confidence interval (50% - 93%) UX INNOVATION LLC 31
- 32. Which Design / Tasks Are Faster? (13 Users) Comp A is Easier About The Same Comp B is Easier UX INNOVATION LLC 32
- 33. Which Design is Preferred ? Strongly Prefer A Neutral Strongly Prefer B Mean + 80% Confidence Int. UX INNOVATION LLC 33
- 34. Recommendations Iterate Next Designs with Comp B and Nav 2 UX INNOVATION LLC 34
- 35. Find out More www.LeanUXDenver.com Sept 19-21st 2012 Hyatt Convention Center www.uxinnovation.com Denver, CO Twitter @innes_jon @LeanUXDenver Measuring Usability MeasuringUsability.com jeff@measuringusability.com Twitter @MsrUsability UX INNOVATION LLC 35
- 36. Q&A UX INNOVATION LLC 36
- 37. Thank you for your time! UX INNOVATION LLC 37
- 38. Thank you for your time! Stay tuned for new webinars! Measuring Usability
Notas del editor
- Today’s market’s, the cost of switching to an alternative is very low to the consumer, it’s just a click a way for an e-Commerce site. With social media it’s also much easier to hear about alternative offerings. These factor make it more critical that your customers are satisfied compared to products of the past. In addition software processes have changed, we have things like Scrum and XP. Some companies release updates as often as daily or weekly. Finally technology lets us do things we couldn’t before, like run studies with remote users, or gather click stream data and create heat maps highlighting user’s mouse clicks.
- Over the past 10 years, I’ve heard a lot of people who were excellent user researchers complain about how hard it is to run a traditional usability test on an agile project. Most of them had lots of experience at big companies where user research was an established function and had been successful in those environments. That’s because they’re not adapting to the agile mindset.
- 3x3 is a way of coming up with a conceptual design based on testing early low fidelity prototypes of the alternatives to select the best one. Like Mendel, breeding a better pea. It can save you a lot of rework later doing what Alan Cooper used to call “trying to sand a table into a chair” by ensuring your starting down the right path. It’s ideally suited for new projects or site redesign work. It can be extended to greater numbers of alternatives and more iterations as needed. Key to this type of formative study is recruiting the right participants. Biased results can send you off a cliff.
- RITE or rapid iterative test and evaluation where you run many small sample tests and instead of waiting until the end to fix issues, you fix issues as you go and continue testing. While compatible with agile, scaling over the long term can be challenging as it’s done traditionally. Keep in mind it’s purpose is to rapidly refine an existing design. While it can be adapted it’s best suited for refining a single design.
- A/B tests are very efficient at refining final details such as button size, color or placement for an existing site. But back to what Alan Cooper said, you can’t sand a table into a chair. A/B testing is well not suited to fixing major design problems. It’s a power sander. If you rely solely on intercept testing, you may never expand your market beyond the early adopters who might be giving you the wrong feedback for your ideal market.
- The challenge with most traditional usability methods is they are very resource intensive and often take too long for agile timelines. We need to adapt…
- These techniques were identified in the 90’s by various people who all met at a ski resort in Utah 11 years ago to coin the term Agile, and wisely to define a set of values and principles to guide future like minded individuals…
- Ever write a usability report nobody read? That’s an example of muda. Did the report note UI inconsistencies due to a lack of communication on the team. That’s mura.Did you stay up all night to write that report. That’s muri.
- Janice Fraser coined the term, others like Jeff Gothelf are popularizing it. Today, we’re going to focus on how user testing changes as you become more lean.
- Sound familiar?
- Many things, but one is that there are now better tools, like remote and automated user research tools.
- There are many things that you can front load to make your life easier. It’s like having gas in the car before driving to work. There’s nothing non-agile about that.Take personas. If you work with the product owner or marketing staff to define these, it makes recruiting much easier. The budgets for recruiting from panels should come from marketing budgets. Get the whole team involved in defining tests and metrics, including setting goals for releases to improve metrics.
- With large scale automation comes the potential for large scale error. Always pilot, or you’ll end up paying participants for nothing. Remember that you could be introducing a bias if you only test with users who respond to your requests in a very short time. Take advantage of the low cost of intercept recruiting when refining for existing users, and save the cost of panels for what they are best suited for. Avoid trying to run 2 hour studies, you’ll end up with lots of drop outs. Beware of non-automated methods that could create lots of work, plan for open ended questionnaires or other analyses that might be bigger than you bargained for.
- Change only starts when people embrace new values. Tracking objective progress towards the desired outcome by making it visible is key. I’ll assume you care about UX and design, or you wouldn’t be here. The secret sauce in UX is user involvement. The more user involvement throughout the process the more effective your iterations will be.