PPTs vir die ECON322 module Nog leereenheid 1, meer oor geografie en ontwikkeling (kyk saam met MRU video's)

1. ECON322
Ontwikkelingsekonomie
Development Economics
Ontwikkelingspatrone
Patterns of development
Geografie & Ontwikkeling
Geography & Development

2. The key questions
• Why are some regions / countries rich and
others poor?
• How persistent are the forces that shape
prosperity?
• How important is geography?
• What are the channels through which
geography influences development?

3. Geografie is belangrik
• Diamond se storie: landbou, oos-wes, siektes
• Verklaar 44% van variasie
van BBPpc – 64% as jy net na die ou wêreld kyk.

4. Geography's influence via trade
• Ricardo vs. Smith
• Market size and density drives trade (second-
nature geography)
o The silk route vs. trans-Atlantic trade?
• Africa's landlockedness…

5. Geografie se invloed via siektes
• BBP en afstand vanaf die ewenaar…
• Malaria en ander siektes:
o Tap energie / produktiwiteit, perk fisieke
ontwikkeling in, verminder IK!
• Maar goeie gesondheid → produktiwiteit,
spare, investering → hoër BBP

6. But geography is not destiny,
it is only potential
• A head start matters, but first-nature
geography is only important up to 1500.
• Stories of reversals of fortune
o St Domingue → Haiti
• How geography influenced institutions:
o Geography, history, chance → extractive economic
institutions → extractive political institutions
 Elite does not want education, innovation, creative
destruction. They make policies to maintain power.

7. Ons vraag:
• Wat was die rol van geografie in die
ekonomiese ontwikkelingspad van Suid-
Afrika?
• Hoe het geografie Suid-Afrikaanse instellings
beïnvloed?