01 introduction tovulcanmanual_v81_20120817-libre

Maptek Vulcan™
Introduction to Vulcan
Version 8.1

ii
2012 Copyright
© 2012 Maptek
Maptek, Vulcan, I-Site, BlastLogic and the stylised Maptek M are registered and unregistered
trademarks of Maptek Pty Ltd; Maptek Computación Chile Ltda; Maptek Computación Chile
Ltda, Sucursal Perú; Maptek S de RL de CV; Maptek Informática do Brasil Ltda and KRJA
Systems, Inc. Registered marks are registered in one or more of the following countries:
Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Greece, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru, the Republic of
South Africa, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this manual shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise - without written permission from Maptek™.
No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.
Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, the publisher and
author(s) assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for
damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
info@maptek.com
www.maptek.com
Trademarks
Due to the nature of the material, some hardware and software products are mentioned by
name. The companies that manufacture the products claim many of these product names as
trademarks. It is not the intention of Maptek™ to claim these names or trademarks as their own.
Revision History – Maptek Vulcan 8.1 Introduction to Vulcan
January, 2004 (5.0), United Kingdom, technical review
July, 2005 (6.0), United States/United Kingdom, technical review
March, 2006 (7.0), United States, technical update
January, 2008 (7.5), United States, Australia, technical update and layout change
March 2009 (8.0), Australia, technical update and layout change
May 2009 (8.0), International and N American versions, technical update
December 2011 (8.1), N America, technical update
August 2012 (8.1), N. America, layout change

Conventions used iii
About this Manual
You may notice that images are slightly different on your computer; this may be due to
variations in operating systems. In addition some images have been modified to improve
readability.
Conventions used
The following conventions are typically used in training manuals and guides.
The following designates a help topic reference.
Example Description
Design > Object Edit Text in bold are commands or options selected from
a menu, panel or button.
<LEVEL>_SURVEY_POINTS> File names or extensions, variables, formulas, text
entry, layers, triangulations, databases, scripts,
macros, and data such as displayed in the Report
Window, are in Monospace font.
Top Down or Bottom Up
design method
Text in italics are used for emphasis, special terms,
tab names, column names, panel group names, etc.
Tip: Designates a hint such as an effective use of an option.
Note: Designates a point to draw attention to; an informational comment.
Caution: Designates a warning that, if not followed, can lead to a serious outcome such as data
corruption.
For details see related help topic(s):
The Vulcan Workbench : Preferences : Plotting Utility
 Envisage : File : Plot : Contents
Envisage : File : Plot : Plot All Wizard
Envisage : File : Plot : Quick Plot

Introduction to Vulcan | Maptek Vulcan 8.1
iv About this Manual
Terminology
Every effort is made to use consistent terminology throughout all Vulcan documentation.
The following terminology is typically used in manuals, guides, and help:
 The terms panel and dialog box are used interchangeably. Dialog is also used as a
general term to refer to subpanels and tabs.
 Panels can have tabs but panels with tree navigation can have subpanels as well
as tabs. The two parts of the panel are called panes. The left pane, also referred to
as the navigation pane or tree pane, contains the navigation list and the right pane
is the subpanel and contains the details.
 Option refers to a command or menu selection, while options may refer to choices
available on a panel.
 The terms select and click may be used interchangeably.
 The terms tick and check are used interchangeably.
 The terms clear box and uncheck box may be used interchangeably.
 The terms context menu, right-click menu, and shortcut menu are used
interchangeably. They refer to task-specific menus that appear when you right-
click.
 The terms Tutorial and Exercise are used interchangeably.
 The terms anticlockwise and counterclockwise are used interchangeably.
 The terms nominate, choose, pick, and select may be used interchangeably.
 The terms directory and folder may be used interchangeably.

Contents v
Contents
About this Manual iii
Conventions used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv
Chapter 1: Getting Started 1
Hardware and System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Computer Requirements for Microsoft Windows® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Confirm System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Graphics Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Environment Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
HOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
TEMP and TMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
ENVIS_RESO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Installing Vulcan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Corporate Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Creating a Corporate Standards Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Activating Corporate Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Change the Default Specification File Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Licencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Types of Licences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Pack & Go (Borrow Licence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Starting Vulcan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Dynamic Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Software Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Plotting Scale Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Project Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Project Coordinate Extents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Data Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Design Data Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Design Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Groups and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Chapter 2: Vulcan Interface 17
Vulcan Work Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Menus, Windows and Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Primary Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Vulcan Explorer Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Report Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Application Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Menu and Window Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Parent and Child Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Move Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

vi Contents
Customising Vulcan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Favourites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Context Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Database Locks and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Green Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Orange Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Red Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Database Repair and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Repair a Design Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Restore a Design Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Using Vulcan Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Chapter 3: View Data 33
Load and Remove Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Zoom, Pan and Rotate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Zoom To Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
View Ports and Overview Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Perspective View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Other Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Section View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Create Section View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Other Section View Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Section View Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Chapter 4: Create Design Data 45
Design Menu Create Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Snap Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Indicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Snap to Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Snap to Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Snap to Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Custom Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Directional Digitise Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Key In Point Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Bearing Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Create Line At Given Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Track Section of Existing Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Using Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2D Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3D Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Contents vii
Chapter 5: Label Design Data 57
Analyse Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Menu Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Label Colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Point Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Point Labels to Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Object Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Object Label to Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Chapter 6: Edit Design Data 63
Edit Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Layer Edits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Object Edits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Point Edits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Point Insert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Polygon Edit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Move Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Translate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Drag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Chapter 7: CAD Introduction 77
Data Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Report Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Change Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Setting up Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Using Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Chapter 8: Data Import and Export 83
File Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Import AutoCAD Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Export AutoCAD Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Import ASCII Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Export ASCII Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Import Shape Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Export Shape Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Chapter 9: Analyse Data 87
Analyse Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Coordinate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Distance Between Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Distance Along Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Polygon Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Chapter 10: Create a Database 91
Database Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Design File Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Key Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Import Data into a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
ODBC Database Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Link to Microsoft® Access Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
AcQuire™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

viii Contents
Chapter 11: View a Database in Isis 111
Open Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Vulcan Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Notebook/Multiple Window Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Notebooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Multiple Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Chapter 12: View a Database in Envisage 115
Legends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Load Drillholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Label Drillholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Chapter 13: Database Maintenance 123
Edit the Database Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Edit Existing Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Insert/Delete Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Find Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Field Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Database Validation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Collar Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Downhole Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Along Record Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Individual Field Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Save and Run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Export Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Database List format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Standard ASCII format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Updating an Existing Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Chapter 14: Drilling Utilities 137
Database Record Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Horizon Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Work with Drillholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Check Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Locate Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Set Visibility of Located Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Extract Located Holes to CSV/Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Create a selection file from located holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Mapfile Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Chapter 15: Triangulation Models 145
Introduction to Triangulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Advantages of Triangulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Disadvantages of Triangulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Load Triangulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Unload Triangulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Triangle Attributes (Properties) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Contents ix
Chapter 16: Triangulation Surfaces 153
Create a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Data Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Boundary Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Trending Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Spurs Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Condition Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Two Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Grid Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Image Registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Chapter 17: Solid Triangulations 161
Create Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
End Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Tri Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Chapter 18: Manipulate Triangulations 169
Boolean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Relimit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Chapter 19: Analyse Triangulations 175
Areas and Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Solid Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Surface Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Chapter 20: Repair Triangulations 177
Check Triangulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Quick Repair Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Close Solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Delete Crossing Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
General Repair Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Chapter 21: Primitives 183
Apply Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Custom Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Chapter 22: Introduction to Grids 189
Grid Mesh Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Load and Remove Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Create Grids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Simple Grids from Object Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Interpolated Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Create Grids from Triangulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Grid Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Colour and Contour Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Contour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Edit Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Create a Mapfile from a Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Export Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

x Contents
Introduction to Grid Calc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Create a Specification File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Load Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Display Loaded Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Grid Calc Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Model Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Grid Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Contour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Chapter 23: Data Organisation 205
.TRI Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Remote Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Network Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Access Master Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Post Data to a Master Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Chapter 24: Plotting 211
Plot All Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Specify Filenames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Specify Plot Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Default Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Drafting Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Title Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Plot Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Plot Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Plot Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Chapter 25: Presentation 219
Screen Dumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
AVI Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
NGRAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Export Data to NGRAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Insert and View NGRAIN Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Download NGRAIN Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Set up Word or PowerPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Inserting an NGRAIN file into Word or PowerPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
VRML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Export Data to VRML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Insert and View VRML Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Index 227

Hardware and System Requirements 1
Getting Started
Hardware and System
Requirements
For computer intensive options such as block modelling, using large triangulations or
databases, recommended requirements are vital.
Computer Requirements for Microsoft
Windows®
 Microsoft® Windows® 7, Vista, or XP operating system; Windows 7
recommended.(1)
 Dual core Intel® or AMD equivalent processor; quad core Intel or AMD equivalent
recommended.
 2GB RAM; 4GB or more recommended.(2)
 2GB total disk space for installation.
 2GB free disk space for swap files.
 Video cards
 For desktops: 512MB OpenGL compliant 3D video card (e.g., NVIDIA®
GeForce®) with an appropriate OpenGL driver; 2GB or more
recommended (e.g., NVIDIA Quadro® or SLI™).
 For laptops: 128MB OpenGL compliant 3D video card (e.g., NVIDIA
Quadro) with an appropriate OpenGL driver; 1GB or more recommended.
 DVD-ROM drive for installation.
 USB for dongle or network connection for FLEXlm (FLEXnet Publisher) floating
licence server.
 3 button generic mouse with wheel.
Note: Specifications listed may change in future Vulcan releases.
(1) A 64 bit operating system is recommended.The 32 bit English language version of Microsoft
Excel® 2007-2010 is required for full Chronos menu functionality.
(2) Vulcan works on both 32 and 64 bit operating systems as a 32 bit application.

2 Chapter 1 Getting Started
 Screen resolution: 1024 x 768
 For desktops: large format widescreen single or dual monitor(s)
recommended.
 For laptops: 17” or larger screen recommended.
 Microsoft Internet Explorer® 6 (or later).
Confirm System Specifications
To confirm specifications for Microsoft Windows® XP:
1. Click the Windows Start button.
2. Open the Control Panel and double-click System. Alternatively, right-click My
Computer and select Properties.
3. Click General, the basic system configuration is displayed.
4. Click Advanced and then Settings.
5. In Performance Options, go to the Advanced tab. Click Change to set the
required virtual memory.
To confirm specifications for Microsoft Windows® Vista or 7:
2. Right-click Computer and select Properties. The basic configuration of your
system is displayed.
3. Click Advanced System Settings.
4. Under Performance, click Settings.
5. In the Advanced tab, click Change.
6. Deselect Automatically manage paging file size for all drives, and set a
Custom size for virtual memory.
Graphics Cards
Vulcan supports OpenGL® compliant graphics cards such as nVidia® GeForce®,
nVidia® Quadro® or ATI Radeon™. For best performance, ensure that the latest version
of graphics card drivers is installed.
To verify your graphics card for Microsoft Windows® XP:
1. Right-click on the computer desktop and click Properties.
2. Go to the Settings tab and click Advanced.
3. Go to the Adapter tab to view graphics card details.
To verify your graphics card for Microsoft Windows® Vista:
1. Right-click the computer desktop and click Personalise.
2. Select Display Settings and click Advanced Settings.
The graphic card installed is displayed on the Adapter tab.
Tutorial 1-1
Customise your virtual memory maximum.

Environment Variables 3
To verify your graphics card for Microsoft Windows® 7:
1. Click Windows Start and choose Control Panel.
2. Click Hardware and Sound.
3. Under Devices and Printers, click Device Manager.
4. Expand Display adapters to view your graphics card.
Environment Variables
Environment variables are values that affect the way computer processes behave. There
are two types of environment variables:
 System variables are tied to the machine.
 User variables are tied to a specific user profile.
If the same variable is listed in both areas, the user variable is used.
To manage environment variables in Microsoft Windows® XP:
2. Select Control Panel, and then double-click System. Alternatively, right-click My
Computer and select Properties.
3. Click the Advanced tab and then click Environment Variables.
To manage environment variables in Microsoft Windows® Vista or Microsoft Windows® 7:
1. Click the Start button.
2. Right-click Computer and select Properties.
3. Click Advanced system settings to access the System Properties dialog box.
Figure 1-1 Advanced system settings
Tutorial 1-2
Determine the graphics card installed on your computer.
Note: Administrator privileges may be required to create or edit environment variables.

4. Click Environment Variables.
Figure 1-2 System Properties - Environment Variables
The environment variables to set are:
 HOME
 TEMP
 TMP
 ENVIS_RESO (recommended)
HOME
HOME directs Vulcan where to find files such as login.csh and startup.csh.The
Value of this variable is a path to a folder. The path may not contain spaces or special
characters.
TEMP and TMP
Vulcan uses these directories to create and store temporary files. As other programs use
these folders, these environment variables may already be set on the computer. The
Value of this variable is a path to a folder. The path may not contain spaces or special
characters.
ENVIS_RESO
The ENVIS_RESO environment variable points to the location of the Resources folder for
all Vulcan system data files such as:
 Plot templates – Stored in the file drafting.dgd.isis
 Symbols – Stored in the file symbols.dgd.isis
 Line styles – Stored in the file lines.dgd.isis

Installing Vulcan 5
 Fonts – The different fonts used in Vulcan, stored in .font files
 Import specifications – For importing ASCII and .csv files
A standard set of Vulcan resources is provided with each Vulcan version. Standard
resources are located in the folder: <vulcan>etcresources, where <vulcan> is
the path to the Vulcan program folder. To ensure that customised resources are available
when new Vulcan versions are installed, copy the items in the standard resource folder to
a unique location, then enter the path to this folder’s location as the Value for
ENVIS_RESO.
If multiple people require access to a Resources area, establish a resources folder on the
network. For example X:Vulcan_resources where X is the network drive. The
ENVIS_RESO environment variable and the path to the resources folder must be defined
on all computers that will share the resources file.
Click the Resources tab in Vulcan Explorer to determine the location of the current
Resource area. The path can be found at the top of the Resources tab.
Figure 1-3 Vulcan Resources Location
Installing Vulcan
During installation, note any changes made to the system. Backup all files before you edit
or replace them. Administrator privileges may be required to install software or make any
modifications to the computer.
For sites requiring a network licence (FlexNet Publisher), a notification is sent with the
licence file. Use the Install Network licence option to set up the server.
 Read the End-User Licence Agreement.
 Administrator privileges are required.
 Do not install a newer version of Vulcan over an old version. Save each version to
a unique folder.
 If installing Vulcan to use with a node-locked Vulcan licencing dongle. It is
important to install the correct dongle drivers.
Tutorial 1-3
1. Ensure the HOME environment variable is set to an appropriate path.
2. Set the TEMP and TMP variables to a file path name which does not include
spaces.
3. Create a resources folder at C:Vulcan_resources and set up
ENVIS_RESO.

Corporate Standards
For companies with multiple sites, corporate standards are used to maintain company
wide standards for Vulcan specification files. Each employee accesses a single set of files
stored at a central location. The following file types are supported by corporate standards:
 .scd – Colour scheme file
 .ftd – Feature file
 .gcv – Grade Control configuration file
 .bdf – Block definition file
 .bef – Block estimation file
 .res – Advanced Reserves specification
 .tab – Advanced Reserves reporting tables
Corporate standards do not prevent users from accessing their own personal specification
files. By default, it directs users to the corporate standard files first and then allow them to
browse elsewhere.
Creating a Corporate Standards Folder
If a central Resources folder (mapped with the ENVIS_RESO variable) already exists,
create a new folder in the same area for the corporate standards specification files to be
stored.
To protect company specification files from being overwritten, set the corporate standards
folder to read-only.
Activating Corporate Standards
If corporate standards is enabled during installation, a VULCAN_CORPORATE environment
variable is created. Enter the correct path to the corporate standards folder as the value
for VULCAN_CORPORATE.
If corporate standards are not enabled during installation, create VULCAN_CORPORATE to
enable corporate standards functionality.
Change the Default Specification File Location
The default working directory is set to the corporate standards folder for several menu
options. Press the corporate standards button at the bottom of applicable dialog boxes to
set the option to look for files in the home directory instead of the corporate standards
folder for the current Envisage session. If the corporate standards environment variable
has not been set, this button does not appear.
 Corporate Standards Enabled – Files available in drop-down menu are located
in the corporate standards folder.
 Home Directory Enabled – Files available in drop-down menu are located in the
current working directory.
System Administration : Environment Variables

Licencing 7
Service Packs
Vulcan service packs are released when fixes for known issues and critical updates are
made.
Primary contacts at each mine site are notified when a new service pack is available for
download.
Licencing
Types of Licences
Licence files are required to run Vulcan. There are two types of licences:
 Node-locked – Dongle with matching licence file for use with a single computer.
 Floating licence – Dongle with matching licence file on a server, which can be
accessed by multiple users.
Store the licence file in an easy to remember location such as C:Vulcan_licence.
To activate a licence file:
1. Click Licence Administrator on the Vulcan start dialog box.
Figure 1-4 Vulcan start panel – Licence Administrator
2. The interface varies slightly with the licence type used.
 To activate a node-locked licence, browse to the location of the licence file
(.lic).
 To use a floating licence, ensure the server name matches the dongle
location (FLEXnet Publisher). To display licence information click Refresh.
The Total and In use columns display the number of licences available for
each configuration and the number of licences in use.

Different lines indicate different configurations, which are combinations of
menu options.
Licence Type indicates Nodelocked or Floating depending upon the type of
licence being accessed.
Figure 1-5 The Licence Administrator dialog box
Pack & Go (Borrow Licence)
A licence can be borrowed, or checked out from a server. This allows use of Vulcan
independent of a network or dongle.
When a floating licence configuration has been borrowed, associated features stored on
the server for that configuration are not available to others until the licence is returned.
A borrowed licence is set with a time limit that protects against loss or theft of the licence.
To use a borrowed licence:
 The licence must have borrowing privileges.
 Install a current version of FLEXnet Publisher on the server.
 Set a MAPTEK_BORROW environment variable.
To verify a floating licence:
 Contact the network administrator to ensure the licence has borrowing enabled.
 If borrowing is not enabled, contact Maptek to request a new licence file with
borrowing functionality. There is no charge for this service.
To verify a FLEXnet Publisher on the server machine:
 Click lmtools.exe in the FLEXnet Publisher folder, typically C:flexlm, to
launch LM Tools. Click Help > About. The version should be 11.9 or later.
 FLEXnet Publisher may be installed from the Vulcan Installation CD.
To install a FLEXnet Publisher licence on the server machine:
1. Double-click autorun.exe.
2. Click Install Vulcan and Drivers then select Install Network licence.
Verify MAPTEK_BORROW is on the machine borrowing the licence.
Tutorial 1-4
Ensure the Licence Administrator can see your licence.
Click to confirm that a licence configuration can be used successfully
Tests dongle
function
Shows who is using a
configuration.

Licencing 9
Figure 1-6 MAPTEK_BORROW settings
To activate a Borrow Session:
The computer must be connected to the network which runs the floating licence. To
connect to the licence server:
1. Start Vulcan then click Licence Administrator.
2. In the File or Server box at the top of the window enter <@server name>. If you
do not know the server name, contact the network administrator.
Figure 1-7 Vulcan Licence Administrator dialog box – File or Server box
3. Click Refresh to show the floating licence types available.
4. Select the licence you would like to borrow and click Borrow licence.
5. Set a date and time to return the licence. If the time period requested exceeds the
borrow limit allowed for the licence, an error is displayed.
6. Click Start Borrowing.
7. Click OK. Licence Type and Borrow Time change to BORROWED.
8. Click OK to exit the Licence Administrator.
9. The Licence Key on the Vulcan start dialog box indicates that a licence has been
borrowed.

Figure 1-8 Vulcan start panel with borrowed licence
To return a borrowed licence:
1. Reconnect the computer to the network.
2. Start Vulcan and click Licence Administrator.
3. Click on the licence to return.
4. Click Borrow licence then click Finish Borrowing.
5. Select the item to return and click Return Feature.
6. Click OK to return to the Licence Administrator window.
Starting Vulcan
1. Launch Vulcan from the programs folder or an icon on the desktop.
2. Double-click on Browse and navigate to the folder which contains Vulcan data.
Click OK.
 The folder appears in the work area box.
 To delete a directory, right-click on the folder and select Remove from
History or Remove all to delete the entire list.
 The work area history is stored in a file called .vlauchpref, which is
located in your user directory.
Note: If the borrow time limit is exceeded, the licence is disabled on the machine which
borrowed it. The machine will have to be reconnected to the server to borrow the licence
again.

Starting Vulcan 11
Figure 1-9 Double-click to browse for a file or folder
To launch an application, double-click its name on the right-hand side of the dialog box:
 Envisage – 3D viewer and editor.
 Isis – Database editor that interacts with Envisage.
 Plot Utility – Plot files viewer.
 Settings – Dynamic Array settings (also called the Dynamic Memory settings).
Dynamic Arrays
Click Settings to launch the VULCAN Dynamic Array Configuration dialog box. Choices
in this option modify the size of Envisage arrays, which allows large objects, grids and
triangulations to be manipulated in Vulcan.
This panel can also be accessed in Envisage under Tools > Dynamic Memory Settings.
If the Envisage Memory Availability bar decreases to a small amount, other options
may not have enough memory available to run. Leave Default values until a higher
setting is required.
Tutorial 1-5
Browse to the start data folder.
Note: If modifying arrays using Tools > Dynamic Memory Settings from within Envisage, you
will need to restart Vulcan before changes can take effect.

Software Setup
The first time Vulcan is launched after install, the 3D Software User Setup Wizard is
displayed.
Figure 1-10 Vulcan 3D Software User Setup Wizard – Workbench Layout
In Vulcan there are several layouts each with a different resolution size. It is advisable to
select default_1024. The three different layouts are:
 Default - Standard screen layout.
 Classic - Resembles older versions of Vulcan.
 Maxgraphic - Maximises the graphics display area.
The layout can be changed using the Tools > Layout > Import. Layout defaults are
saved in .cui files located in <vulcan>etcdefaults, where <vulcan> is the
Vulcan install location path.
Figure 1-11 Vulcan Workbench Layouts
Plotting Scale Units
Tip: Delete the Vulcan.prefs file in your user folder to reset plotter units. Deleting this file
deletes all Vulcan preferences, so make a backup copy.

Starting Vulcan 13
Select Plotter Scale Units as Metric or Imperial.
Figure 1-12 Plotter Scale Units
Project Details
A project file (.dg1) must be accessed each time Envisage is started. This file contains
the project code, coordinate extents information for the project and the project units.
Figure 1-13 Choose or create a Vulcan project file
Tutorial 1-6
Select the default_1024 layout and set the plotter scale units to Metric.

Figure 1-14 Project details
Figure 1-15 Project coordinate extents
Project Coordinate Extents
The following values are defined in the .dg1 file:
 Coordinate extents – Minimum and maximum easting, northing and RL values for
the project. This defines the size of the Primary window in Envisage.
 Vertical exaggeration – Exaggeration value applied to all project Z values.
 Project Display grid – Specifies how the rotation axes are labelled in Envisage.
 Coordinate unit – Required coordinate units for the project.
Name of the .dg1 file.
Abbreviation for the
site or project. A
maximum of four
characters allowed.
A code added to secondary file; maximum of four characters allowed.
Leave as default
Click Finish to open
Envisage
Envisage : Introduction : Setting Up Envisage : Creating a Project File

Data Overview 15
Data Overview
The most commonly used data in Vulcan are CAD data and triangulations. CAD data,
such as points, lines, and polygons, are stored in a design database (dgd.isis).
Triangulations are stored as separate files with the extension .00t.
Design Data Structure
Points
CAD data at the lowest level is made up of points consisting of X, Y, Z coordinates.
Objects
Sequential point entries make objects. For example:
 A group of unconnected points.
 A line (sequential group of connected points).
 A polygon (sequential group of closed lines).
Layers
Objects are stored in layers.
 Layers can contain one or more objects.
 Layers can be used to organise objects by common attributes.
Design Database
Layers are not stored as individual files; they are stored in a design database file.
 Multiple layers can be stored in a single design database file.
 Design databases (also called design files) follow the following naming
convention: <project_code><database_name>.dgd.isis.
 The associated index file for a design database is named
<project_code><database_name>.dgd.isix.
Tutorial 1-7
Create a new .dg1 file using the information provided below:
 Start File Name: training.dg1
 Project Prefix: THOR
 Environment Prefix: KRJA
 Easting: 75,500 / 79,500
 Northing: 2,500 / 6,000
 Level: -300 / 300
 Coordinate Unit: Metre

Groups and Features
Groups – Object attributes flag individual objects into a common group allowing you to
work related objects simultaneously. For example, you could group all cross-cuts on a
level so they may be edited as one.
Features – A group of properties is stored in a file called a feature set. Each feature set is
assigned a feature name. Objects which are coded with a feature name share the
properties defined within the feature set. The feature file uses the naming convention
<project_code><identifier>.ftd.
Features and groups are discussed in “Change Attributes” on page 78.

Vulcan Work Area 17
Vulcan Interface
Vulcan Work Area
In this chapter we will learn about the Vulcan user interface and how to customise it.
Figure 2-1 Vulcan user interface
Main menu Menu toolbars Primary window
Vulcan Explorer
window
Status bar Report window Windows toolbars Application bar
Properties window
Start menu

18 Chapter 2 Vulcan Interface
Menus, Windows and Toolbars
The user interface consists of the following:
 Main menu
 Start menu
 Windows
 Primary window
 Toolbars – menu and window
 Vulcan Explorer window
 Report window
 Properties window
 Status bar
 Application bar
 Toolbars
Main Menu
The Main menu is the horizontal bar below the title bar. Options displayed in the drop-
down lists vary for each Vulcan licence.
Many menu commands provide keyboard shortcuts, which can be used in lieu of a
mouse. For example [Alt+F] opens the File menu.
Windows
There are several types of windows:
 Hidden – A window that is not visible. These are useful for enlarging the client
area.
 Client – A window positioned in the client area. Use [Ctrl+Tab] to cycle through
windows docked in the client area.
 Floating – A window that can be positioned anywhere on or outside the work area.
Floating windows are always visible on top of other windows.
 Own – A window that can be positioned anywhere on or outside the work area.
Own windows are used when several Vulcan applications run concurrently. They
are not always visible on top of other windows.
 Docked – A window is positioned in a docking area.
Envisage : Keyboard Controls

Vulcan Work Area 19
Figure 2-2 Vulcan windows
Primary Window
The Primary window is the default 3D design window as defined by the coordinate extents
in the .dg1 file. By default, the Primary window is confined to the client area.
To change the primary position:
1. Click Window > Windows.
2. Select the window to move then click the new position for the window.
3. For more advanced options, click the Advanced button.
Figure 2-3 Window Properties dialog box
Vulcan Explorer Window
Vulcan Explorer is used to organize and easily load data. Files in the current working
directory are categorized within the folders. The Other folder contains orphan files.
 Virtual folders contain groupings of like data.
 Icons help visually distinguish data types. For example, an image of a block
indicates block model files.
 Directories other than the current working directory can be displayed.
 Inside a virtual folder, subdirectories are displayed before the list of files. Remote
directories and .tri folders are two examples of subdirectory folders. See
“Remote Directories” on page 205.
Docked toolbar Floating toolbar
Floating windowWork Area

The tabs at the bottom of the Vulcan Explorer window provide other views into the
system:
 Data – Displays files in the Vulcan work area. Files and layers that are loaded into
Envisage appear bold in this view.
 Resources – Displays files in the Vulcan Resources area, which is defined by the
ENVIS_RESO environment variable.
 Envisage – Displays only the files loaded on-screen, providing a concise list of
data currently in use.
Figure 2-4 Vulcan Explorer
Report Window
The Report window displays text information generated from the application in use.
Results from options such as statistics or reserves are generated in the Report window.
Figure 2-5 Report window
There are three tabs on the Report window:
 Workbench – Displays errors or messages which relate to the Workbench.
 Envisage Console – Displays errors or messages which relate to Envisage.
 Envisage – Displays reports generated when performing certain operations, such
as object details or block reserves.
Other tabs may appear when other applications are running, such as Grid Calc or the
Block Model Utility. The text based results can be copied and pasted into other
applications. Highlight the text, right-click and click Copy from the context menu.
Tip: Click Windows Explorer to quickly access files in the work area.
Close contents
Print contents
Save contents
Clear contents

Vulcan Work Area 21
Status Bar
The Status bar displays information relating to the current application such as:
 Prompts relating to an active menu option, including function tags.
 Coordinates of the mouse pointer location on-screen.
 Name of the open design database.
Application Bar
The visible icons on the Application bar correspond to active utilities such as Envisage or
the Report window. There is also a quick-link to Vulcan help.
Figure 2-6 Application bar
Click the Close button of an open window to close a utility or application. Reopen
applications and utilities via: the Window menu, Vulcan Start, or by clicking the
corresponding icon on the Application bar.
Figure 2-7 Vulcan Start menu
TC Shell, available in Vulcan Start, opens a new shell window, where commands and
scripts can be executed.
Menu and Window Toolbars
A toolbar is a bar containing graphic buttons or other controls providing fast access to
commands.
There are two types of toolbars:
 Menu toolbars are located above and left of the Primary window and correspond
with menu commands.
 Window toolbars are located below and right of the Primary window. Window
toolbars are linked to the window they are associated with, in this case the Primary
window. These options can not be found in any of the menus.
Envisage
Vulcan
Explorer Vulcan Help
Properties
Window
Report
Window
Start
Application

When using a command, the current option must be completed or cancelled before
another option can be selected. However, options from the Window toolbars can be used
in conjunction with options from the Menu toolbars. For example, while drawing a line
using Design > Create > Line you are able to rotate and pan without cancelling out of the
line creation option.
To see a list of other available toolbars right-click in a space alongside an existing toolbar.
The list varies between the Menu and Window toolbar docking areas. Another way to view
toolbars is to choose Tools > Toolbar Visibility. Note that the toolbars at the bottom of
the list beginning with [PRIMARY:] are Window toolbars
Figure 2-8 Available window toolbars
Parent and Child Toolbars
Toolbars can also be classified as parent toolbars and child toolbars. Child toolbars,
hidden within the parent toolbar, provide additional functionality. An arrow symbol in the
bottom right-hand corner of an icon indicates that a child toolbar exists in the option.
On the Graphics toolbar, several icons have a small, arrow symbol in the bottom
right hand corner to expand the toolbar. Left-click and hold on the icon to display the child
toolbar. Left-click, hold, and drag to display the child toolbar as a floating window. Close
the child toolbar to hide it under the parent toolbar.

Vulcan Work Area 23
Figure 2-9 Zoom data extents child toolbar
Several icons have three points (ellipsis) in the bottom right-hand corner. Left-click
the icon to toggle the function on and off. Right-click the icon to display a properties dialog
box, which provides additional options used in conjunction with the option.
Figure 2-10 Slice properties dialog box
Move Toolbars
Toolbars may minimise from view, float on the desktop or dock in the window.
Figure 2-11 Move toolbars
To minimise a docked toolbar:
1. Click the blue arrow at the head of the toolbar to minimise it.
2. Click again to maximise the toolbar.
To float a toolbar use one of two methods:
 Double-click the double lines at the start of the toolbar.
 Left-click and hold the double lines at the start of a toolbar. Drag to a new location.
To dock a toolbar use one of two methods:
 Left-click and hold the title bar at the top of the toolbar window.
Drag the toolbar to a docking space. A preview rectangle appears to show where
the toolbar will dock.
 Double-click on the toolbar’s title bar to re-dock in its last docked position.
Tutorial 2-1
Practise floating and docking toolbars.
Expand
child
toolbar
Double-click to float
Click once to minimise

Customising Vulcan
The Tools menu contains options for customising your work area. Preferences can be set
to control display options, such as colour, position of dialog boxes and appearance of the
background.
Preferences
Use Tools > Preferences to modify work area appearance or set defaults.
If working with data which is stored on a network, it is important to:
 Enable Network mode: Tools > Preferences > Workbench > Vulcan Explorer
 Set up an Alternative Work Area: Tools > Preferences > Envisage >
Miscellaneous
The most commonly used preferences are:
 Set a default Rotation mode: Tools > Preferences > Envisage > Graphics >
Input
 Stop continued rotation: Tools > Preferences > Envisage > Graphics > Input
 Reverse wheel zoom direction: Tools > Preferences > Envisage > Graphics >
Input
 Assign Text Defaults: Tools > Preferences > Envisage > Defaults > 2D Text and
Tools > Preferences > Envisage > Defaults > 3D Text
 Enable the Properties Window: Tools > Preferences > Envisage >
Miscellaneous
 Set up Remote Directories: Tools > Preferences > Workbench > Vulcan
Explorer. See “Remote Directories” on page 205.
Figure 2-12 Preferences dialog box

Vulcan Work Area 25
Toolbars
Custom toolbars can be created for easy access to frequently used commands. Only
items visible in menu toolbars can be added to a custom toolbar.
To create a custom toolbar:
1. Choose Tools > Customise.
2. Select [*] New Toolbar on the Toolbars tab (right panel).
3. From the Vulcan Menus tab (left panel) click and drag the commands into the
[*] New Toolbar folder. Expand the Untitled Toolbar by clicking the expand
button . Note that a new option to add a [*] New SubMenu appears. Right-click
the title to Rename the toolbar.
Figure 2-13 Create custom toolbar
4. Click OK to display the new toolbar as a floating toolbar. If a menu command has a
shortcut icon associated with it, then the icon displays in the toolbar in place of the
menu command name.
5. Enter a name for the new toolbar.
Figure 2-14 Name customisation file
6. Tick Set as Default to automatically load the toolbar next time Vulcan starts. The
.vwc file is saved with the convention: <customise_file_name>.vwc.
7. Click Tools > Layout > Save to save the position of all toolbars.
Note: [*] New SubMenu and [*] New Toolbar at the bottom of the right panel are
present by default, and can not be deleted.
Tip: To make efficient use of the work area, menu command items can be shown as
submenus in the toolbar. This ensures that the menu commands display in a
vertical listing, however an additional mouse click is required to access them.

Keyboard Shortcuts
Hotkeys execute menu commands quickly. Key strokes can be customised to execute
commonly used commands.
To customise keyboard shortcuts:
1. Choose Tools > Customise and click the Hotkeys tab.
2. On the Vulcan Menus tab select a menu option. Under Modifier and Key, create a
keyboard shortcut, for example [Shift+F4].
3. Click Apply Hotkey and click OK.
Figure 2-15 Create hotkeys
Favourites
Right-click the Primary window to quickly execute stored favourite commands.
To customise favourites:
1. Choose Tools > Customise and select the Favourites tab.
2. From the Vulcan Menus tab (left panel) click and drag the commands into the
Favourite Menus folder (right panel). Click OK.
Tip: To enable favourites, click Tools > Preferences > Envisage > Graphics > Dialogs and
Popups, then check Right mouse click displays favourite menu items.

Vulcan Work Area 27
Figure 2-16 Customise favourites
Chosen favourites display above right-click history menu items.
Figure 2-17 Favourites display
Context Menus
Right-click an object in Vulcan to display associated context menus. Click Tools >
Context Menus to customise commands which appear in context menus.
Figure 2-18 Set desired context menus
Colours
Colour schemes are saved in the scheme file (.scd). The file is stored in the current
working directory unless the corporate standards environment variable is enabled. The
Scheme file naming convention is <project_code>.scd or corpstd.scd.
Click File > Colour Table > Colours to edit the current colour palette. Alternately, click
Colour on the Status toolbar, and choose Edit Colours.
Favourites section
Right-click
history section

Colours can be edited manually or automatically.
Figure 2-19 Choose colour palette
To save the current colour table to a specific design database, click File > Save to save
the active colour table to an open design database (.dgd).
Save the current colour table to the scheme file:
 Click File > Colour Table > Save and enter a Legend name for the colour table
scheme. The colour table identifier can contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters.
 The table is saved to the Colour scheme file (<proj>.scd) located within your
current working directory. If this file does not exist, a warning appears before being
automatically created.
To edit the colour table manually:
1. Click File > Colour Table > Colours.
2. Select a colour from the colour table. The colour displays in a colour box to the
right.
3. Use the sliders to change the colour. The colour in the display updates
dynamically.
4. Click Replace.
Tip: Click File > Colour Table > Save to save the default colour palette before making
changes.
Note: The colour table is not available to other design databases unless it is saved to the
scheme file (.scd) with File > Colour Table > Save.
Tip: To apply a colour table saved to an .scd file to any design database:
1. Open the design database and click Colour on the Status toolbar.
2. Click Edit Colours and click Load Colour Palette.
3. Select the Colour scheme file. Click Open and select the colour table.
4. Click OK twice then click File > Save.

Database Locks and Recovery 29
To edit the colour table automatically:
1. Click File > Colour Table > Colours and click the Auto tab.
2. Select a range of colours to edit. To do this, click on the first colour in the range,
press and hold the [Shift] key, then click on the second colour.
3. Select an option from the Auto Edit list.
4. Click Apply. Click OK to update the current colour table.
Figure 2-20 Available automatic colour ranges
Database Locks and Recovery
If a system failure occurs, such as a computer crash, the design database can easily be
recovered.
Changes made to existing design data are performed on a copy of the data contained in
the work file (.wrk). The data is updated in the design database after each save.
Lost CAD data can be recovered by reloading a previous version of the work file.
Green Lock
A green lock indicates a .dgd is open.
Orange Lock
Indicates that data may have been lost during an improper shut-down. The database
should be recovered before work continues.
Caution: If everyone on a server crashes at the same time, recovery steps should be followed by
one person at a time. If everyone attempts to recover at the same time, data becomes
permanently lost.

To recover a design database after a system failure:
1. Restart Envisage but do not remove any lock files.
If you have added a default design database to your project file (.dg1) and this
was the file that was open when you exited Envisage, a message displays
informing you that the file is locked. Click OK to accept this message.
2. In Vulcan Explorer an orange lock marks the database name that was in during the
system failure.
3. Right-click on the lock and select Recover. This creates a recover.dgd.isis
in the same location. When recovered, a message informs you of recovery
success.
4. Right-click on the database you just unlocked and click Open. A green lock is
displayed next to the database name.
5. Click File > Load Recovered Layers to load the lost design data.
6. Click File > Save to save the design database.
7. Delete the recover.dgd.isis file.
Red Lock
Red locks are activated by an .isis_lock file, which is temporarily created while a
.dgd is active.
Database Repair and Restore
Sometimes a design database may become unstable. Symptoms that a design database
may need attention:
 Layers are missing from the design database.
 Layers are loaded into Envisage, but are not visible until another layer is loaded.
 Layers load into Envisage, but are never visible.
 Error message that a layer is already loaded when attempting to load a layer.
 Error accessing design work file messages.
Repair a Design Database
To repair an unstable design database:
1. Make a backup copy of the design database.
2. Right-click on the design database in Vulcan Explorer and choose Repair.
3. Check Restore deleted layers if layers appear to be missing. Click OK.
Tutorial 2-2
Ensure you have a green lock on a .dgd.

Database Repair and Restore 31
Figure 2-21 Repair Design Database
Restore a Design Database
Vulcan automatically saves a copy of a design database the first time it is accessed each
day. Backups are stored in the working directory in a dgd_backup folder automatically
created by Vulcan. This functionality must be enabled in Tools > Preferences >
Envisage.
Figure 2-22 Enable automatic design database backup functionality
To replace a design database with a prior version:
1. Close the design database.
2. Right-click on the design database in Vulcan Explorer and choose Restore
Backup.
3. Select which backup copy to replace the current design database.
4. Click OK to replace the design database with an older version.
Figure 2-23 Choose design database to restore

Using Vulcan Help
Vulcan Help is accessed by pressing the [F1] key, clicking Help > Vulcan Help, or the
help icon on the Standard toolbar. Some dialog boxes contain a help icon which displays
the help relevant to the option.
Figure 2-24 Dialog box help icon
Figure 2-25 Help icon on Standard toolbar
Under some help topics, certain words may be underlined (hyperlinks) or highlighted in
blue (tool tips). Click a hyperlink to open related topics. Hover over a tool tip to display
extra information.
Pages in the Help menu that are frequently referenced can be added as favourites by
selecting Add on the Favourites tab.
Tutorial 2-3
Start Vulcan Help and read about a menu option.

Load and Remove Data 33
View Data
Load and Remove Data
Layers, triangulations and other files can be loaded using the menu options or the Vulcan
Explorer Window. When files are loaded, the name appears in bold.
To load data use one of the following methods:
 Double-click on a file.
 Drag and drop a file into the Primary window.
 Right-click on a file and select Load.
 Click File > Open.
 Click Open on the Standard toolbar.
To remove data use one of the following methods:
 Right-click on the file in Vulcan Explorer and select
Remove.
 Right-click on an object loaded in Envisage and
select Remove.
 Use icons on the Standard toolbar for removing
layers and underlays.
Figure 3-2 Standard toolbar icons
Figure 3-1 Vulcan Explorer
Tip:  To load multiple consecutive files, click and hold [Shift], then select the top and
bottom file in the range. Right-click on the highlighted files and select Load.
 To load multiple non-consecutive files, click and hold [Ctrl] while selecting
individual files. Right-click on the highlighted files and select Load.
Open icon
Remove Underlay(s)Remove Layer icon

34 Chapter 3 View Data
Zoom, Pan and Rotate
Zoom
Zooming can be accomplished using several methods:
 Use the middle mouse wheel. For example, to zoom into the northeast corner,
move the mouse pointer to that corner and scroll using the mouse wheel.
 Use the Zoom icon. To define a zoom area, click once in the bottom left hand
corner of the zoom area, then click a second time in the upper right hand corner of
the zoom area.
Figure 3-3 Zoom icon
 Use the Zoom factor field box on the Digitise toolbar.
a. Click in the Zoom factor field box.
The default zoom factor is 0.8, but any number can be entered, including
numbers greater than 1.0. For example, a zoom factor of 2 produces 2 x
magnification.
b. Press [Enter] any number of times to apply the entered factor.
c. When the desired view is achieved, click in the Primary window to re-focus
the cursor.
Figure 3-4 Zoom factor field
 When viewing data in a neutral situation, it is possible to zoom in or out using the
middle mouse button and the right mouse button simultaneously. An overlay circle
temporarily appears on-screen. Drag the cursor towards the circle to zoom out and
move away from the circle centre to zoom in.
 When in virtual sphere or Z-up rotation modes (see “Rotate” on page 36), use the
[S] key from the keyboard to zoom in/out.
 If the Zoom toolbar is active, use either the + (plus) or - (minus) keys to zoom in
and out. These toolbar icons use a zooming factor of 1.25 and 0.8 respectively.
Right-click to cancel out of zooming mode.
Note: An underlay is a temporary graphical item. Examples include triangulations, labels, and
block model slices.
Tutorial 3-1
Practise loading and removing the POLY1 layer and the topo.00t triangulation.

Zoom, Pan and Rotate 35
Zoom To Toolbar
The Zoom Data Extents icon sets the zoom value to allow all graphics to be displayed in
the Primary window.
If zooming to a specific object(s) is desired, highlight the object(s) and click the Zoom
Highlighted icon under the Zoom Data Extents child toolbar.
To zoom to the active layer select the Zoom Current Layer icon under the Zoom Data
Extents child toolbar.
Click Reset View on the graphics toolbar to return the Primary window to Plan view.
Figure 3-5 Zoom toolbar options
Pan
Panning is accomplished in a variety of ways:
 Click on the Pan icon. Once active, use the left mouse button to click relative From
and To points in the Primary window
Figure 3-6 Pan icon
 On a 3-button mouse, hold the middle and left mouse buttons while moving the
mouse.
 Position the mouse and zoom in and out with the middle mouse wheel.
 Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to pan up, down, right and left.
Tip:  Press the [Z] key on the keyboard to activate zoom mode while in Plan view.
 Press the [B] key and the [F] key on the keyboard to cycle backward and forward
through the last zoomed views.
Zoom Data Extents icon
Reset View icon
Zoom Highlighted
Zoom Current Layer
Tip: Click the [P] key on the keyboard to activate the pan mode.

Rotate
Four different rotate modes are located in the rotation child menu.
Figure 3-7 Rotation Child Menu
 Ortho Sphere Rotation: The axes display in different colours. Left-click and hold
rings of the displayed sphere to rotate about the three principal axes (X, Y and Z).
 Virtual Sphere Rotation: Left-click and drag the mouse to rotate.
 Z-Up Rotation: Left-click and drag the mouse to rotate. Similar to Virtual Sphere
Rotation, except the Z axis is always up. This mode ensures that the horizon
remains horizontal when viewing topographical data.
 Ortho Rotation: Left-click and drag the mouse to rotate. Keyboard strokes can
control rotation around vertical [V], the plane of the screen [W], and perpendicular
to the screen [U].
Click Tools > Preferences > Envisage > Graphics > Input to set the default rotation.
Figure 3-8 Input options
Tutorial 3-2
Try all four rotate modes and select the most comfortable option.
Ortho Sphere Rotation
Virtual Sphere Rotation
Z-Up Rotation
Ortho Rotation
Input options Default rotate modes
Tip: Rotation speed is controlled by the distance the cursor is away from the centre of rotation.
To decrease the rotation speed, move the cursor away from the centre of rotation and
describe a wide arc. To speed up the rotation, move the cursor in a tight circle around the
centre point.
Tutorial 3-3
Set your favourite rotate mode as the default.

View Ports and Overview Window 37
To exit rotation mode press [Enter] or [Esc] or simultaneously click all three mouse
buttons. Further rotations in the current session remember the rotation centre until
another centre is specified.
View Ports and Overview
Window
The Overview window is used to simultaneously view data loaded in the Primary window
from two different directions.
Figure 3-9 Overview window icon
The Overview window may be resized, moved or docked. This window is associated with
a modified set of toolbars.
Figure 3-10 Overview window
Perspective View
Perspective View displays data from an isometric perspective. This is ideal for
visualisation of topographic models. Click the Perspective View icon or by pressing the
[V] key to toggle the option.
Figure 3-11 Perspective View icon
Tutorial 3-4
Load an Overview Window. Zoom in/out in the Primary window. Notice the blue extent
lines change in the Overview Window as you zoom.

Using Zoom in Perspective View mode, behaves differently from zooming in normal
view. When zooming in perspective mode, three boxes are displayed to help visualise the
zooming process.
All objects inside the smallest box are still visible after the zoom. All objects outside the
largest box are not visible after the zoom. Objects between these two boxes may be
visible, but it depends upon the depth of the zoom. The middle box represents the user-
defined area.
Figure 3-12 Zoom in Perspective View
Figure 3-13 Data in Perspective View
In the above example, the data closest to the viewer appears to be distorted by the
perspective. In actuality, all tunnels are of the same cross-sectional size. Perspective
View mode is a visualisation tool only and is not recommended for normal digitising work.
Tutorial 3-5
1. Turn Perspective View on.
2. Try zooming, panning, or rotating and pick out differences between being in
regular view and Perspective View.
3. Turn off Perspective View.

Other Views 39
Figure 3-14 Regular mode and Perspective View
Other Views
The Window file holds information about windows that are created. The Window file uses
the naming convention <project_code>.wnd.
The Envisage view can be changed in several ways using the View menu. The most
common tools are:
 View > Change View > Set View: Select an axis position in Envisage, then
specify the rotations around the X, Y, and Z axes.
 View > Change View > Vertical Exaggeration: Enter a vertical exaggeration.
This exaggeration has an effect until the Reset View resets exaggeration to a
default value of one.
 View > Windows > Fit Layer: Generates a new temporary window which fit to the
coordinates of a nominated layer. This is useful if the data is located outside the
extents defined in the .dg1.
Visibility
Vulcan has two visibility toolbars, Visibility and PRIMARY:Visibilty.
 The Visibility toolbar is associated with tools located under View > Visibility.
 The PRIMARY:Visibilty toolbar is a Windows toolbar; therefore it is not associated
with any menus. It is useful because these visibility tools can be used while
performing other menu options. For example, while digitizing a design, a
Tip: When using Perspective view, open an Overview window and note the perspective
pyramid. The apex of the pyramid is the viewing point and the pyramid itself defines the
depth of view. Data not within the pyramid overlay are not visible in the Primary window.

triangulation which is impeding the view of other objects can be rendered invisible
without exiting a digitizing mode.
Figure 3-15 Visibility toolbar
Figure 3-16 PRIMARY:Visibility toolbar
Section View
Create Section View
Click View > Create Section (or press the Create Section View icon on the Standard
toolbar) to limit what is viewed on-screen to a defined section and thickness.
Figure 3-17 Create Section View icon
Make Objects Visible
Make Objects Invisible
Make Triangulations Translucent
Make Objects Shadowed Make Triangulations Solid
Note: You cannot snap to an object that is shadowed or invisible
Tip: To make an entire layer in which the object resides visible, shadowed or invisible, choose
a visibility option, then press and hold the [Shift] key while selecting the object.
Note: This option does not unfold a section based on a multi-segment line. To unfold a section,
use tools in Geology > Drilling Section.

Section View 41
Figure 3-18 Create Section dialog box
The Create Section dialog box is broken down into four areas:
 Section Type – Defines the window and objects to slice through.
 Create or replace the window’s primary section: The view changes
according to chosen specifications.
 If Create a section through all objects or Create a section through a
single object are used, the view is not realigned until Align view is
enabled on the Slice Properties toolbar.
Figure 3-19 Align view icon
 Primary Section Shadows – Shows data in a buffer outside the defined section
width
 Clipping Planes – Defines the section’s appearance.
 Select Plane By – Choose the method for defining the section. If 2 points or 3
points are used, standard snap modes can be used to define these points.
The coordinates of the current screen plane are displayed in the status bar. To exit
Section view, left-click the Toggle Sliced View icon on the Graphics toolbar.

Figure 3-20 Toggle Sliced View icon
Other Section View Notes
If multiple non-primary sections have been created, all section slices are displayed at
once. This allows block models sliced in different orientations to be viewed
simultaneously.
Figure 3-21 Vertical and horizontal dynamic block slices.
Where multiple non-primary sections have been created, the clipping width of each
individual section is influenced by the others. A fail-safe way to have the current section
obey the clipping criteria, is to set all of the non-current sections to No Clipping.
Tutorial 3-6
1. Create a Section view with a clipping width of 25 on either side of the section.
2. Make your step size 50.
3. Select the plane by 2 points and click anywhere along the topo triangulation.

Section View 43
Section View Properties
Right-click the Toggle Sliced View icon from the Graphics toolbar to open the Slice
toolbar. This dialog box is used to navigate and control the Section view.
Figure 3-22 Slice toolbar
 Slice Forward and Slice Backwards steps forward and backward through the
data at the defined Step interval.
 Move Slicing Plane navigates through the data dynamically. Enable the option,
then hold down the left mouse button while dragging. This command can also be
accessed using View > Move Sections.
 Align View With Current Slicing Plane is useful after rotating out of the Section
view. It is frequently used after creating a non-primary section, because this type of
section does not automatically change the view to be in the plane of the section.
 Highlight Intersections toggles plane intersects on and off. For example, the
intersection of a triangulation with the section plane.
Drag the Display slider bar pointer to control the visibility of the section plane grid. The
grid display is invisible when the slider control is all the way to the left and fully visible
when the slider bar is all the way to the right.
 Clip Translucent Solids controls whether translucent triangulations remain
complete or be clipped by the section. Use the Clip drop-down list to change the
view of the section by altering the clipping.
 By Width clips data by the distance entered in the Front and Back fields.
 Forwards displays all data on and in front of the slice at the plane.
 Backwards displays all data on and behind the plane slice.
 No Clipping sets the section to an infinite width.
Slice Forward
Slice BackwardsMove Slicing Plane
Align View With Current Slicing PlaneHighlight Intersections
Display slider bar
Clip Translucent Solids
Clip drop-down menu
Tip: The colour of the section grid plane display, and optionally, the coordinate
annotation, is set in the Create Section dialog box using the Display colour palette.
Tutorial 3-7
Move up and down through the sections with the Overview window on to become
familiar with Section view.

Design Menu Create Tools 45
Create Design Data
Design Menu Create Tools
Use the Design > Create tools to create layers and objects. This menu creates CAD
objects, but does not contain editing tools.
Figure 4-1 Design toolbar
 To begin digitising in Envisage first create (using New Layer) or allocate a layer.
 To create Points, indicate an X,Y and Z location in 3D space using the mouse
cursor.
 Line segments are created from a series of X, Y, Z locations.
 A Polygon is a connected series of lines and a Textured Polygon is one with a
triangulation or texture image tiled over it.
 To define a Rectangle, select the bottom left and a top right corner.
 Use Spline, Arc, and Ellipse commands to create curves.
 Any closed CAD data, such as polygons and circles, can be filled with a pattern. To
add a pattern right-click on the object, select Properties and choose a Pattern.
 Do not digitise a closing segment when creating polygons as it is created using the
shortest distance between the first and last points digitised. Right-click to close.
 Use the backspace key to undo the last digitised point while still actively digitising.
If not in an active digitising mode, use Design > Point Edit options to modify
existing points.
 Undo/redo functionality can be used to undo an entire object rather than just a
point.
The Design toolbar can be turned on/off under Tools > Toolbar Visibility.
New Layer
Line
Textured Polygon
Spline
Ellipse
2D Arrow
2D Text
Feature
Point
Polygon
Rectangle
Arc
Grid
3D Arrow
3D Text
Symbol

46 Chapter 4 Create Design Data
Tutorial 4-1
CAD Creation – Points, Lines, and Polygons
1. Ensure that a design database is open so that a new layer may be created.
2. Click Design > Create > Layer and enter DESIGN for the layer name and a
description.
3. Create five points anywhere on your screen using Design > Create > Point.
4. Create a line anywhere on your screen using Design > Create > Line.
5. Create a polygon using Design > Create > Polygon.
Tip: When creating a layer:
 Avoid using ‘special’ characters such as !,@,#,$,%,^,&,or *.
 An underscore ‘_’ is a valid character, but cannot be the first character.
 Layer names are limited to 40 characters.
 Layer descriptions are limited to 80 characters.
Tutorial 4-2
CAD Creation – Arcs and Circles
1. Create a new layer using Design > Create > Layer.
2. In the Layer field, type DESIGN2.
3. Add a Description then click OK.
4. Click Design > Create > Arc.
Figure 4-2 Circular Arc dialog box
5. Select both options Centre and Radius and Radius and set the diameter to
10. Enter 1 for the Arc length step size. Click OK.
6. When prompted, indicate the centre point.
7. Right-click to exit the command.
8. Click Design > Create > Rectangle.
9. Use Design > Create > Polygon Textured.
10. Choose Use tiled texture and select EARTH

Snap Modes 47
Arrows
Click Design > Create > Arrow 2D to label objects with a Plan view arrow. Design >
Create > Arrow 3D will create arrows in multiple planes.
Symbols
Symbols can also be chosen for use in the design. Vulcan contains a symbol database,
symbols.dgd.isis, found in the Vulcan Explorer window under the Resources tab.
This database contains some standard symbols for oil and gas wells. Symbols from this
database can readily be added to a design layer using Design > Create > Symbol.
Custom, user-defined symbols can also be created using File > Symbols > New along
with standard Vulcan CAD tools.
Snap Modes
The Snap Mode options are located on the Digitise window toolbar.
Figure 4-3 Digitise toolbar
Indicate
Indicate (or Free snap mode) digitises points without snapping to existing objects.
Points are created on a default Z elevation defined on the status bar at an X and Y point
indicated with the mouse.
If a gradient is defined on the status toolbar, the first point inherits the default Z value and
the remaining points follow the defined gradient. Hold down the [Shift] key to digitise a
point with the same Z level as the last edited/selected point.
Tutorial 4-3
1. Insert a symbol using Design > Create > Symbols.
2. Choose Centre Scaled X.
3. When prompted indicate the first and second alignment points.
Track Section of Existing Line
Snap To Objects
Create line at given angle
Toggle Dynamic
Volume, right-click
for properties
Indicate
Snap
To
Points
Snap
To
Grids
Bearing
input Cancel Current Operation
Smart Snap, right-click for properties
Key In
Point Data
Enter Zoom Factor

Snap to Objects
Snap to Objects snaps to any existing graphical object. The X,Y and Z coordinates are
interpolated from the object clicked.
Snap to Points
Snap to Points digitises at points or intersections. When a position is chosen in
Envisage, snapping occurs to the closest existing point. The X, Y and Z coordinates for
the new point are the same as the existing point.
Snap to Grid
Snap to Grid requires that a 2D mapping grid is loaded on-screen. When executed, input
is snapped onto the closest grid intersection beneath the cursor.
Custom Cursor
To activate the custom cursor, left-click the custom cursor icon on the graphics toolbar.
Right-click the icon to modify cursor properties.
Figure 4-4 Custom Cursor Properties dialog box
A Scaled Cursor changes accordingly when zooming in or out. A Fixed Cursor does not
dynamically scale up or down but remains the specified size, which is from edge to edge
of the cursor. For example, if Circle is checked as the Scaled Cursor, then the specified
size is the diameter of the circle.
Tip: Use the Indicate mode in Plan view or in Section view. If the screen is rotated, the
resulting point may not be created where intended.
Tip: Before creating a point, hold the [Shift] key to preview where Vulcan will ‘snap to’.
To snap to a point, click on the line segment close to the desired point instead of clicking
the exact point desired.

Directional Digitise Tools 49
Directional Digitise Tools
Vulcan has three main directional tools to aid with digitised designs: Key In Point Data,
Bearing Input and Create Line At Given Angle. These features are accessed via icons
on the Digitise toolbar.
Figure 4-5 Digitise toolbar
Key In Point Data
Key In Point Data can be used in two different ways:
 Get point coordinates
 Create points with coordinates
Both options have a button in the Keyboard Input dialog box.
Figure 4-6 Keyboard Input dialog box
To use Get Point functionality:
1. On the Keyboard Input dialog box click Get Point.
2. Click on any point on-screen. X, Y and Z windows are populated with the chosen
point’s coordinates.
To use Create Point functionality:
1. Open a layer. Click Design > Create to digitize an object such as a line, arc or
rectangle.
2. Click the Key In Point Data icon, then click Create Point to enter relative or
absolute coordinates while digitizing the object.
 Select All Relative if all coordinate entries are relative to the last point.
 Alternately enter R before the coordinate entry to convert that value into a
relative distance. For example, a Z value of R100 is interpreted as 100
units greater than the previous Z value; R-100 is treated as 100 units less
than the previous value.
 Enter R or check All Relative; do not use both concurrently.
Bearing Input
Key In Point Data Create Line At Given Angle
Tip: To get or create a point relative to the last digitised point, enter an R in front of a
coordinate value or check All Relative.

Bearing Input
Bearing Input creates new points at a specified angle and distance or from the last point
when in a digitising mode.
Points are created with this tool in one of three ways.
Figure 4-7 Bearing Input dialog box
 Bearing and Inclination angles can be controlled.
 Enter Bearing values in decimal degrees (dd), degrees.minutes.seconds (dms) or
gradients (grad).
 Inclination refers to the amount of grade (slope) from the last digitised point.
Values must be entered in decimal degrees. A positive inclination projects the
point above the horizon, and a negative value produces a point below the horizon.
Tutorial 4-4
Use Key In Point Data to create the shape shown below in a new layer named
CAD_INPUTS.
Tip: Vulcan remembers the coordinates of the last created or selected point. Relative values,
are calculated from the last point entered or selected in Envisage.
Bearing units
Tip: Bearing values can be converted between decimal degrees, degrees.minutes.seconds,
and gradients using the toggle buttons for bearing units (Figure 4-7).

Create Line At Given Angle
There are four methods for creating a new point with Angle Input. The Angle Input option
only works if you are in a menu option that prompts for a point coordinate such as Design
> Create > Line or Design > Create > Polygon.
Figure 4-8 Angle Input dialog box
Angles may be entered in percent (%), decimal degrees (dd), degrees.minutes.seconds
(dms) or in gradients (grad). If the input point is to be at a specified screen angle, then
the Angle field must be filled out.
Check Enter distance to control distances between a reference point and the new point.
The specified distance can be either positive or negative. Distance direction is defined by
looking at the point order of the reference line. Travelling from point one to point two, to
the direction to the right is positive; to the left is negative.
Before Angle Input can be used, a reference line must be selected. If no reference line
has been selected, a default reference line with zero azimuth is used.To select a
reference line, click Get line and select the line segment. Both the origin and direction of
the line are stored in memory for as long as the current session of Vulcan is open or until
another reference line is chosen.
 At specified screen angle – creates a new point at an angle entered in the panel.
The angle is measured clockwise from the location of the reference line.
 Perpendicular to given line on screen – creates a new point 90 degrees to the
right of the original direction of the reference segment.
 Parallel to given line on screen and Parallel to given line in 3D – create a new
point in the same direction as the reference segment.
Tutorial 4-5
Use Bearing Input and Keyboard Input dialog boxes to create the shape shown below
(in red) in the CAD_INPUTS layer created in Tutorial 4-4.
Angle units

Tutorial 4-6
Use Bearing Input, Angle Input and Keyboard Input dialog boxes to draw the purple
shape shown below in the CAD_INPUTS layer.
Tutorial 4-7
1. Create a new layer named BOUNDARY.
2. Digitise a point: X:77802, Y:4958, Z:200
3. Draw the polygon shown below.

Track Section of Existing Line
Figure 4-9 Track Section of Existing Line icon
Track Section of Existing Line traces portions of objects quickly. This is helpful when
tracing contours or pit strings. This option only works in an active digitising mode such as
Design > Create > Polygon or Design > Create > Line.
Figure 4-10 Trace a contour line
Tip: If the track section is tracing the line or polygon the wrong way, press the space bar to
trace the opposite way.
Tutorial 4-8
1. Load layer TRACK_SECTION on-screen.
2. Create a single polygon that traces around all four lines in the loaded layer.
3. Click Design > Layer Edit > Copy to create a copy of the polygon to a new
layer named TRACK_SECTION_POLYGON.

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