1. Ottoman Empire, Qing
Empire, and Japan
Era of Changes
1750 to 1900

2. Ottoman Empire & Qing Empire –
the turbulent 19th century

3. Ottoman Expansion 1300 - 1600

5. Nationalist revolutions &
European advances led to the
Ottoman Empire losing territory
EX. Independence in the Balkans
Semi-Independence in North Africa
Later British influence in Egypt

6. The Decline of Ottoman Rule

7. The Empire became known as "the sick man of
Europe” by Europeans.

9. The Sultanate has to be destroyed.
Religion and State have to be separated from one another.
We have to turn away from the eastern civilizations and turn to the
western ones.
We have to do away with the distinctions between men and women
and thereby found new social rules.
We have to find an alphabet based upon the Latin script, and
we have to focus ourselves towards the West in every respect, even
as far as our clothes are concerned." Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

10. MANCHU CHINA – the QING
DYNASTY (the last dynasty of China)

14. Qing China produced more goods and held onto
a favorable trade balance into the late 1700s.

17. THE OPIUM WARS

21. Chinese Rulers sing-along
-to the tune of “Frere Jacques”?
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
Sui, Tang, Song
Sui, Tang, Song
Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic
Then comes Revolution
Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong

23. Empires that didn’t strike back!
Qing Dynasty of China
(1644 – 1911)
The end of a 4000 years of dynastic
cycles.
Ottoman Empire (1300 – 1918)
600 year old powerhouse fell.

24. Empires that didn’t strike back!
CHANGES
• Economy weakened
• Political Rebellions
• European pressure / takeover
• Social Class changes

25. CAUSES
In both Qing China & the Ottoman
Empire:
• the government resisted economic
change & attempted to maintain preindustrial forms of economic
production
• the leadership underestimated the
growing power of the European nations

26. A Brief Look at Japan in the 1800s
to 1900s

27. Do you remember?


Under the Tokugawa
Emperor, the Japanese
shoguns had chosen a
policy of isolationism in
the early 1600s.
Foreigners were
prohibited to enter
Japan and the Japanese
were “prohibited” from
leaving.

29. Outside powers threatened Japan
 After the defeat of the Chinese by the
British (1780s) & a growing presence
of European and U.S. warships (1850s)
Japanese leaders “decided” to sign
trade treaties and open Japan to
outsiders.

30. Japan was now open
to outside influences.

31. Tokugawa rulers lose. . .
 The threat from outsiders and a desire
for change unified many Japanese
leaders against the Tokugawa rulers.

Provincial leaders joined together &
overthrew the Tokugawa rulers, and
began the Meiji period.

32. Japan transformed itself into a
major industrial and military power
1860s - 1900s

33. The Meiji Government

The emperor was
the “figurehead” of
the government
while power was
held by landowners
and businessmen
in congress & in
the military
(oligarchy).

34. Meiji Japan adapts
Western ideas

Japanese were sent
on study tours of
Europe. Europeans &
Americans were
hired to help
transform Japan.
 In Japan a new
education system
was set up

36. Meiji Japan transforms itself

Government built a
modern army & navy

37. FROM THIS . . .

38. TO
THIS.

39. JAPAN transformed

Rapid industrialization
took place (with a mix
of government &
private ownership).

Railroads were built
and urban areas
became more
“modern”

41. Japanese Imperialism

Japan gained control of Korea.
 Japan defeated China to take control
of Taiwan (1894)
 Japan defeated Russia to take control
of Manchuria (1905).

42. Japanese
Imperialism
1860-1914

43. JAPAN TRANSFORMED~
CHANGES• New dynasty – Meiji Period began
• From a Closed economy to
Industrial Power
• From Traditional to Modern –
Culture, Economy, Military
• Isolated nation-state to Imperial
Power

44. CAUSES
• Outside pressure
• Japanese leadership decided
to change – use the West as
a model

46. Which of the following
statements best
describes the main
message of this
cartoon?
A.
Russia was bigger
than Japan
B.
Japan defeated
Russia in a struggle
for control of parts of
East Asia
C. In WWI, Japan’s
military was better
than the Russian
military
D. France supported
Japan in its battles
against Russia over
territory in Manchuria