ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICO DE LOS HONGOS

1. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature09984
a Basidiomycota b
Ascomycota
Glomeromycota
Zygomycota Basidiomycota
Olpidium
Blastocladiomycota
Chytridiomycota
Neocallimastigomycota
Microsporidia
Ascomycota
Rozella Classic fungi that
grow with a chitin-rich
cell wall.
Glomeromycota
Zygomycota
Olpidium
Blastocladiomycota
Chytridiomycota
Neocallimastigomycota
Microsporidia
Highly diverse novel
basal group identified
in this study.
Cryptomycota:
organisms that
branch with the
Key fungi but putatively
Branching relationship grow and
weakly supported develop without
Rozella synthesizing
Branching relationship
a chitin-rich cell wall
strongly supported Opisthokont outgroup and therefore appear
Group forms flagellated to lack this classically
zoospores defining fungal feature.
Supplementary Figure 1. Summary of the main findings of the paper. a, Standard working model of the fungal tree of life.
b, Identification of a very large uncultured basal clade in the kingdom Fungi, marked in red and, with Rozella, named here as
cryptomycota. This study therefore demonstrates that current models of fungal evolution and biodiversity, which are based on
cultured microbes, have missed a huge fraction of the kingdom (perhaps even approaching one half). Furthermore, this group of
microbes appears to grow without the defining fungal characteristics a chitin-rich cell wall (although this characteristic is also absent
during the flagellated zoospore stage of many other chytrid fungi). Therefore these data challenge existing ideas of fungal biodiversity
and current concepts regarding the adaptive features that drove the evolutionary diversification and ecological success of the fungal
kingdom.
W W W. N A T U R E . C O M / N A T U R E | 1

2. doi:10.1038/nature09984 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
a Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Rhizophydium sphaerotheca
Entophlyctis helioformis
Rhizophydium brooksianum
Rhizoclosmatium sp.
Chytriomyces hyalinus
Rhizophlyctis rosea
Catenomyces sp.
Powellomyces sp.
Triparticalcar arcticum ‘Chytrids’
Polychytrium aggregatum
Karlingiomyces sp.
Cladochytrium replicatum
Nowakowskiella sp.
Endochytrium sp.
Oedogoniomyces sp.
Monoblepharella sp.
Hyaloraphidium curvatum
Cyllamyces aberensis
Piptocephalis corymbifera
Smittium culisetae Zygomycota
Basidiobolus ranarum
Allomyces arbuscula
Blastocladiella emersonii Blastocladiomycota
Physoderma maydis Fungi
Neurospora crassa
Magnaporthe grisea
Hypocrea jecorina
Monilinia fructicola
Monascus purpureus Ascomycota
0.93/44/-- Dothidea sambuci
Disciotis venosa
Candida glabrata
Debaryomyces hansenii
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Ustilago maydis
Tilletiaria anomala
Platygloea disciformis Basidiomycota
1/95/99 Coprinopsis cinerea
Calocera cornea
Filobasidiella neoformans
Phycomyces blakesleeanus Zygomycota
Rhizopus oryzae
Glomus mosseae
Paraglomus occultum Glomeromycota
1/100/100 Lily Stem/Washington Singer CM2
Washington Singer CM1 Cryptomycota
1/96/96 Rozella sp. Rozella
Rozella allomycis
Nuclearia simplex
Suberites ficus
Aurelia sp. Outgroup
Amoebidium parasiticum
Capsaspora owczarzaki 0.9/80/80 0.6/50/50 0.07 subs/site
b Basidiobolus ranarum
‘Chytrids’
Piptocephalis corymbifera Zygomycota
Smittium culisetae
Blastocladiomycota
Lily Stem/Washington Singer CM2
Washington Singer CM1 Cryptomycota
Rozella sp. JEL347
Rozella
Rozella allomycis
Ascomycota
Glomeromycota
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Heterosporis anguillarum
microsporidia
Brachiola algerae
Antonospora locustae
Filobasidiella neoformans
Platygloea disciformis
Coprinopsis cinerea
Basidiomycota
Calocera cornea
Ustilago maydis
Tilletiaria anomala
Zygomycota
Oedogoniomyces sp. CR84
‘Chytrids’
Monoblepharella sp. M15
Nuclearia simplex
Outgroup
c
0.9/80/80 0.6/50/50 0.02 subs/site
21/71 Ascomycota
Glomeromycota
Basidiomycota
Antonospora locustae
Brachiola algerae
microsporidia
Heterosporis anguillarum
63/75 Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Rhizopus oryzae
Zygomycota
Phycomyces blakesleeanus
Washington Singer CM1
Lily Stem/Washington Singer CM2
Cryptomycota
Rozella allomycis
Rozella sp. JEL347
Rozella
Chytridiomycota
Smittium culisetae
Zygomycota
Piptocephalis corymbifera
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Chytriomyces hyalinus ‘Chytrids’
Rhizoclosmatium sp. JEL347
Basidiobolus ranarum Zygomycota
Monoblepharella sp. M15
Oedogoniomyces sp. CR84 ‘Chytrids’
Hyaloraphidium curvatum
Blastocladiomycota
Nuclearia simplex
Outgroup 80/80 50/50 0.09 subs/site
Supplementary Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU-5.8S-LSU alignment demonstrating the branching position of the
cryptomycota. a, The phylogeny was calculated from an alignment of 54 sequences and 1,877 nucleotide alignment characters
and demonstrates strong support for the placement of the novel clade as a sister group to Rozella. Node support values are labelled
using the same convention as Fig. 1. b, Bayesian phylogeny based on SSU-LSU alignment with four microsporidia sequences added
(58 sequences and 1,072 DNA characters – character number is reduced from a because of alignment of divergent microsporidia
sequences). c, PhyML (fast Maximum Likelihood) tree topology with 1000 bootstrap values using PhyML and Log-Det distance methods
calculated from the same alignments as b. These phylogenetic analyses followed the same procedure as described for the analyses
shown in a and described in the methods section. Key topology support values are shown, however all other bootstrap values are notated
with symbols: nodes supported by 0.9 posterior probability or greater and 80% bootstrap support or greater by both methods are marked
with a black dot; nodes supported by 0.6 posterior probability or greater and 50% bootstrap support or greater by both methods are marked
with a ringed circle.