3. Introduction
• Research are doing for nonrenewable energy replace
by renewable energy sources for power generation.
• Diesel engine there are various experiment carried out
to improve performance of engine, reduce fuel
consumption, reduce emission, improve the efficiency
e.t.c.
• Diesel are replace by renewable alternative fuel like
Natural gas, Biodiesel, Biogas.
• Generally biogas-diesel dual fuel engine are used for
power generation.
• Fuel property.
5. Literature review
1. N. Tippayawong and Promwungkwa, Long-term operation of a small
biogas/diesel dual-fuel Engine for on-farm electricity generation.
(2007)
• Engine operation up to 2000 h over a fixed load 1.45 kW and engine speeds
1500 rpm.
• Biogas was store at 245 Pa and it was fed to an engine intake port at a
pressure of about 100–150 Pa.
• To present the percentage of diesel replacement by biogas:
• Thermal efficiency:
6. Result:
• Heavy carbon deposition on the piston face, combustion chamber wall,
intake and exhaust ports.
• Formation of sulphur dioxide during combustion, which is responsible for
engine corrosion.
Fig 2: Biogas — inlet air mixing device. [1]
2. Suneerat Pipatmanomai, Economic assessment of biogas-to-electricity
generation system with H2S removal by activated carbon in small pig
farm. (2008)
• The 2% potassium iodide (KI) impregnated activated carbon selected as
H2S adsorbent.
• Two adsorption columns, each of which was packed with 2 kg of prepared
absorbent.
7. Fig 3: Schematic diagram of H2S removal unit from biogas and H2S adsorption breakthrough curves.[2]
8. 3. Juan-Pablo Gómez-Montoya, Effect of Biogas enriched with hydrogen
on the operation and performance of A Diesel-Biogas dual engine.
(2012)
• The hydrogen concentration 5 to 20% H2.
• Increases in peak pressure chamber up to 10.7 bar
• Diesel substitution levels up to 80%
• Thermal efficiency increases up to 16% and
• Carbon monoxide emissions decreases up to 13% at full load.
9. Performance
1) 100% of full load for 20% hydrogen enrichment
2) At full load hydrogen percentage varied, 20% H2 give better performance
Fig 3: Cylinder Crank angle when load as well percentage of hydrogen varied[3]
10. 4. N.Tippayawong, Durability of a small agriculture engine on biogas-
diesel dual fuel operation. (2010)
• Engine test carried out on single cylinder, naturally aspirated, 4-stroke,
direct injection diesel engine at a speed of 1500 rpm, coupled to a generator
set to generate electricity 1.5 kW for over 3500 hours.
• Test are carried out after 900, 1000 and 3500 hours.
Carbon deposits:
• The carbon deposit formations on cylinder head, piston, injector tip, inlet
and exhaust valves were examined.
Engine wear:
• Sliding contact between solid, results in the generation of minute particles
of metal. Like Intake valve, Exhaust valve, 1st piston ring, 2nd piston ring
which reduce mass lose.
11. Fig 4: Carbon deposits on main engine components before and after 3500 hours durability test[4]
12. 5. kanit Wattanavichien and Phan Minh Duc , Study on biogas premixed
charge diesel fuelled engine. (2007)
• A small IDI biogas premixed charge diesel dual fuelled CI engine used in
agricultural applications
• The engine speeds were 1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000 and 2400 rpm.
• Full load performance in two fuelling modes.
• Specific diesel consumption and substitution at full load in two fuelling
modes.
• Brake total energy conversion efficiency at full load in two modes.
• Dual fuel operation for IDI engines is less effective than for DI engines
because of too high surface to volume ratio of the combustion chamber.
13. Full load performance in two fuelling modes.
Figure 5: Full load performance in two fuelling modes[5]
14. Specific diesel consumption and substitution at full load in two fuelling modes
Figure 6: Specific diesel consumption and substitution at full load in two fuelling modes[5]
15. Brake total energy conversion efficiency at full load in two modes.
Figure 7: Brake total energy conversion efficiency at full load in two modes[5]
16. 6.Debabrata Barik, Investigation on combustion performance and
emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with biogas-diesel
in dual fuel mode. (2013)
• In this paper diesel was used as an injected fuel and biogas was inducted
through the intake manifold, at four different flow rate 0.3 kg/h, 0.6 kg/h,
0.9 kg/h, and 1.2 kg/h along with air.
• Result found that 0.9 kg/h give better performance and low emission, than
that of other flow rate.
• The diesel replacement of 0.215 kg/h is possible at full load.
• About 36% increase in the BSFC
• 6.2% drop in BTE is in comparison with diesel
• 17% and 30% increase in the CO and HC emission is observed and
• 39%, 42% reduction in NO, CO2 and smoke emission are observed.
17. 8. Sittiboon Siripornakarachai, Modification and tuning of diesel bus
engine for biogas electricity production (2007)
Modifications :
• Air-fuel mixing replace by biogas carburetor
• Replacing the fuel injection system with spark ignition system.
• Reduction of compression ratio 16:1 to 8:1 using a cylinder head
spacer.and
• Modification of the turbocharger waste gate so the boost pressure
can be adjusted
19. Replacing the fuel injection system with spark ignition system
Figure 9 Spark plug adjustment[8]
20. Compression ratio:
The compression ratio needs to be brought down from the original 16:1 to 8:1 avoid engine
knock. Since a turbocharger would be used.
Fig 10 Turbocharger[8]
21. Conclusion
• Without much more modification of CI engine Biogas can be used as a
primary fuel.
• Quality of fuel is important factor for performance of the engine.
• Dual fuel engine generally used for power generation with long term
period.
• 80 to 90 % of diesel can replace by biogas.
