Topic and local anesthetics for dental uses

1. Topic and Local anesthetics
Institute of Biomedical Sciences
Dentist Surgeon Program
Dra. Lucero Ivonne Gaspar De Los Santos
Dr. Alfredo Nevárez Rascón

2. Local anesthesia
 Anesthesia to been definite like: The loss of the sensantions
in an circumscribed area of the body without presenting loss
of the conscience
Figura1 http://www.google.com.mx/
imgres?q=anestesicos+locales+en+odont
ologia

3.  Anesthetics works on membranes and can depress the
cardiac activity.
 Hemodynamic effects may result in low blood pressure, in
high doses can cause I paralyze cardiovascular.
•Nausea In the second
•Vomit phase
•Sickness (depressive), it but
Over doses may •Fotosensibility important is the
characterized by: •Conffusion respiratory
•Difficulty for language depression, that
•Tremblings carries to
•Agitation respiratory
•Convulsions unemployment.

4. http://www.google.com.mx/imgres?q=an
estesicos+locales+en+odontologia Naturals Cocaine
ORIGIN
Procaine
Synthetics
Lidocaine

5. Topics Benzocaine
ADMINISTRATION Intravenous Mepivacaine
Prilocaine
Mixed (Topic,
Intravenous),
Lidocaine

6. (1 hour)
Short Procaine
(2 hours)
TIMES OF ACTION Intermediate Lidocaine
Mepivacaine
(+ 3 hours)
prolonged Bupivacaine
Tetracaine

7. Benzoic acid:
Cocaine
Esteres
PABA: Procaine,
Tetracaine
Lidocaine
CHEMICAL Amides Mepivacaine
STRUCTURE Bupivacaine

8. Anesthetics of common use in
dentistry
 Cocaine: It is the unique analgesic local one used in dentistry
and that not this synthesized. It was the first analgesic local
one utilized, thanks to the investigation of the Dr. Carl Koller in
1884.
 Procaine: Einhorn I synthesize it for the first time in 1904. It is
absorbed quickly in the place of injection, can cause allergies
and to sensitize the patient.
http://www.google.com.mx/imgre
http://www.google.com.mx/imgres? s?q=procaina+como+anestesico+l
q=cocaina+como+anestesico+local ocal

9.  Tetracaine: The main use is to produce analgesia superficial.
It is but toxica that the Procaine, but relatively but sure, since
its action is of greater power and can be employed in smaller
concentration.
 Lidocaine: It synthesized for the first time in 1943, is the but
used of the local anesthetics. Is extremely efficient. It is
stable, tolerates the boiling. The analgesic action is
established quickly, is two times but efficient that the Procaine
and is of greater duration (3 hours).
http://www.google.com.mx/imgres?q=lidoca http://www.google.com.mx/imgres?q=anes
ina+como+anestesico+local tesicos+locales

10.  Mepivacaine: Very it seemed to the Lidocaine. Has a period
of short action that is profitable in some dental procedures.
 Bupivacaine: The time in which begins its effect is smaller that
the Lidocaine and Mepivacaine, but its duration is almost the
double one of the Lidocaine. It can be considered like the
anesthetic but insurance in dentistry and has been used in
cardiovascular patients without no objection. Is 4 times but
powerful that the Lidocaine.
http://www.google.com.mx/
imgres?q=bupivacaína+com http://www.google.com.mx/imgres?q=an
o+anestesico+local estesicos+locales+en+odontologia

11. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
* It lacks of acceptance of
the technique by the
patient
* Easy administration
* Difficulty to block certain
* The team that is utilized is
part of the body
minimum
* Abrasions, injured or
*Ideal in superficial and
any wound in the place of
brief operations
puncture that can
contaminate the
procedure

12. Topic anesthesia
http://www.google.com.mx/im
gres?q=anestesia+topica
 Definition: analgesia superficial produced by the application of
a topic anesthetic in the shape of solution, gel or ointment on
the skin, a mucous membrane or gores it.

13.  The anesthesia of the oral mucous membrane is produces by
application of watery solutions or gels of you leave local
anesthetics.
 These anesthetics produce anesthesia of the zone where they
apply, but with a brief duration.
 The local anesthetics are absorbed very fast, therefore, they
are administered with care, since always the risk of reactions
exists systemic toxics.
 The topic anesthetics are of excellent utility to prevent pain
upon inserting the needle in the weavings.

14.  MECHANISM OF ACCION: when we place the anesthesia in
the mucous membrane this is absorbed and then exercises its
anesthetic action.
 Due to that in their composition do not they contain the
absorbent portion do not they penetrate deeply in the
weavings.
 Benzocaine: it is the anesthetic but utilized in dentistry
 * Its period of latencia: 30 seg.
 * Duration of effects: 10 to 15min

15. Topics in gel, liquid and spray
Topicaine Gel
Topic anesthesia in gel with 20% of benzocaine
It utilized to eliminate temporarily the pain
during procedures just as regional, local
anesthesia, takes of impressions and x-rays
Comfortable for patients with you ulcerate and
other smaller oral irritations.
flavor strawberry
Quickly action and without retrogusto bitter

16. Topicaine liquidate
Topic Anesthesia liquidates with 20% of
benzocaine
It utilized to eliminate temporarily the pain
during procedures just as regional, local
anesthesia, takes of impressions and x-rays
Comfortable for patients with you ulcerate and
other smaller oral irritations.
flavor mentions
Quickly action and without retrogusto bitter

17. Topicaine spray
Topic anesthetic with 15% of lidocaine in spray
Is insurance
Virtually without absorption system
Quickly: start in 20 seconds
Anesthesia in the oral cavity, especially in local
or regional blockade, drainage of abscesses sub
mucous, extractions of teeth deciduos or
permanent, mobile and of tartraje.

18. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
* It is absorbed too slow
* Is of easy administration * Itself should not apply
* The team that is utilized is patients with hypersensitivity
minimum
to this
* Low cost
*It is not convenient to use it
in children less than 2 years

19. Bibliography
 https://docs.google.com
 http://www.slideshare.net/daniselgil/anestesicos-locales-presentation
 http://bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx/sites/ciencia/volumen3/ciencia3/130/html
/sec_16.html
 http://www.pharmadent.com.uy/web-esp-anestesicos-topicos.htm
 Libro: Anestesia local, Stanley F. Malameb