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Construcción del sistema periódico

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Construcción de la Tabla Periódica de los Elementos a partir de sus configuraciones electrónicas.

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I.E.S. “Francisco Giner de los Ríos” - Departamento de Física y Química – F.CAPDEVILA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL SISTEMA PERIÓDICO
I.E.S. “Francisco Giner de los Ríos” - Departamento de Física y Química – F.CAPDEVILA Criterios utilizados para la ordenación de los elementos químicos: ,[object Object],Hidrógeno (Z=1), Helio (Z=2), Litio (Z=3), etc... ,[object Object],Se agrupan en familias aquellos elementos que presentan propiedades semejantes. Puesto que tales propiedades dependen fundamentalmente de la configuración electrónica de la última capa, los elementos de configuración análoga pertenecerán a un mismo grupo.
Z = Elemento: Familia: HIDRÓGENO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 1s 1 1 1 H 1s 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: HELIO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 1s 2 2 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: LITIO H Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 1 3 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: BERILIO He Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 4 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: BORO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 1 5 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: CARBONO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 2 6 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: NITRÓGENO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 3 7 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3
Z = Elemento: Familia: OXÍGENO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 4 8 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4
Z = Elemento: Familia: FLÚOR Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 5 9 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5
Z = Elemento: Familia: NEÓN Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 6 10 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6
Z = Elemento: Familia: SODIO H - Li Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 1 11 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: MAGNESIO He - Be Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 12 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: ALUMINIO B Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 1 13 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: SILICIO C Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 2 14 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: FÓSFORO N Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 3 15 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3
Z = Elemento: Familia: AZUFRE O Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 4 16 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4
Z = Elemento: Familia: CLORO F Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 5 17 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5
Z = Elemento: Familia: ARGÓN Ne Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 6 18 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6
Z = Elemento: Familia: POTASIO H – Li - Na Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 1 19 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: CALCIO He – Be - Mg Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 20 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: ESCANDIO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 1 4s 2 21 Para respetar el criterio de ordenación adoptado, según valores crecientes del número atómico Z, el escandio (Z=21) debe seguir al calcio (Z=20). Esta circunstancia nos obliga a “abrir” la tabla y a separar las dos primeras columnas del resto para así hacer sitio a los elementos con electrones diferenciadores en orbitales d. 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: TITANIO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 2 4s 2 22 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: VANADIO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 3 4s 2 23 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: CROMO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 4 4s 2 24 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: MANGANESO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 5 4s 2 25 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: HIERRO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 6 4s 2 26 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: COBALTO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 7 4s 2 27 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: NÍQUEL Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 8 4s 2 28 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: COBRE Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 9 4s 2 29 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: ZINC Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 10 4s 2 30 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: GALIO B - Al Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 1 31 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: GERMANIO C - Si Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 2 32 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2
Z = Elemento: Familia: ARSÉNICO N - P Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 3 33 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3
Z = Elemento: Familia: SELENIO O - S Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 4 34 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4
Z = Elemento: Familia: BROMO F - Cl Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 5 35 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5
Z = Elemento: Familia: KRIPTÓN Ne - Ar Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 6 36 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6
Z = Elemento: Familia: RUBIDIO H – Li – Na - K Configuración electrónica externa: 5s 1 37 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1
Z = Elemento: Familia: ESTRONCIO He – Be – Mg – Ca Configuración electrónica externa: 5s 2 38 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2
Configuración electrónica externa: De Z = Elemento: Desde el YTRIO hasta el CADMIO De 4d 1 5s 2 a 4d 10 5s 2 39 a Z = 48 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2
Configuración electrónica externa: De Z = Elemento: Desde el INDIO hasta el XENÓN De 5s 2 p 1 a 5s 2 p 6 49 a Z = 54 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6
Elemento: CESIO Familia: 55 Z = Configuración electrónica externa: 6s 1 H – Li – Na – K – Rb 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6
Elemento: BARIO Familia: 56 Z = Configuración electrónica externa: 6s 2 He – Be – Mg – Ca – Sr 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 56 Ba 6s 2
Elemento: De Z = 57 a Z = 70 Desde el LANTANO hasta el YTERBIO Configuración electrónica externa: De 4f 1 6s 2 a 4f 14 6s 2 Los lantánidos, con electrones diferenciadores en orbitales f, son elementos poco frecuentes (“tierras raras”) y, en general, no demasiado importantes, por lo que suelen colocarse fuera del cuerpo principal de la Tabla . 56 Ba 6s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2
Elemento: De Z = 71 a Z = 80 Desde el LUTECIO hasta el MERCURIO Configuración electrónica externa: De 5d 1 6s 2 a 5d 10 6s 2 56 Ba 6s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2
Elemento: De Z = 81 a Z = 86 Desde el TALIO hasta el RADÓN Configuración electrónica externa: De 6s 2 p 1 a 6s 2 p 6 56 Ba 6s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6
Elemento: Z = 87 FRANCIO Familia: H – Li – Na – K – Rb – Cs Configuración electrónica externa: 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1
Elemento: Z = 88 RADIO Familia: He – Be – Mg – Ca – Sr – Ba Configuración electrónica externa: 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 88 Ra 7s 2 56 Ba 6s 2
Elemento: De Z = 89 a Z = 102 Desde el ACTINIO hasta el NOBELIO Configuración electrónica externa: De 5f 1 7s 2 a 5f 14 7s 2 Los elementos actínidos se colocan debajo de los lantánidos . 100 Fm 5f 12 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 88 Ra 7s 2 89 Ac 5f 1 7s 2 90 Th 5f 2 7s 2 91 Pa 5f 3 7s 2 92 U 5f 4 7s 2 93 Np 5f 5 7s 2 94 Pu 5f 6 7s 2 95 Am 5f 7 7s 2 96 Cm 5f 8 7s 2 97 Bk 5f 9 7s 2 98 Cf 5f 10 7s 2 99 Es 5f 11 7s 2 101 Md 5f 13 7s 2 102 Nb 5f 14 7s 2
Elemento: De Z = 103 a Z = 111 Desde el LAURENCIO hasta el ROENTGENIO Configuración electrónica externa: De 6d 1 7s 2 a 6d 9 7s 2 100 Fm 5f 12 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 88 Ra 7s 2 89 Ac 5f 1 7s 2 90 Th 5f 2 7s 2 91 Pa 5f 3 7s 2 92 U 5f 4 7s 2 93 Np 5f 5 7s 2 94 Pu 5f 6 7s 2 95 Am 5f 7 7s 2 96 Cm 5f 8 7s 2 97 Bk 5f 9 7s 2 98 Cf 5f 10 7s 2 99 Es 5f 11 7s 2 101 Md 5f 13 7s 2 102 Nb 5f 14 7s 2 103 Lr 6d 1 7s 2 104 Rf 6d 2 7s 2 105 Db 6d 3 7s 2 106 Sg 6d 4 7s 2 107 Bh 6d 5 7s 2 108 Hs 6d 6 7s 2 109 Mt 6d 7 7s 2 110 Ds 6d 8 7s 2 111 Rg 6d 9 7s 2
Excepción: HELIO ( Z=2) Este elemento muestra las propiedades características de los gases nobles (Ne-Ar-Kr-Xe-Rn) por lo debe trasladarse a la última columna de la Tabla: 100 Fm 5f 12 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 88 Ra 7s 2 89 Ac 5f 1 7s 2 90 Th 5f 2 7s 2 91 Pa 5f 3 7s 2 92 U 5f 4 7s 2 93 Np 5f 5 7s 2 94 Pu 5f 6 7s 2 95 Am 5f 7 7s 2 96 Cm 5f 8 7s 2 97 Bk 5f 9 7s 2 98 Cf 5f 10 7s 2 99 Es 5f 11 7s 2 101 Md 5f 13 7s 2 102 Nb 5f 14 7s 2 103 Lr 6d 1 7s 2 104 Rf 6d 2 7s 2 105 Db 6d 3 7s 2 106 Sg 6d 4 7s 2 107 Bh 6d 5 7s 2 108 Hs 6d 6 7s 2 109 Mt 6d 7 7s 2 110 Ds 6d 8 7s 2 111 Rg 6d 9 7s 2 2 He 1s 2
TABLA PERIÓDICA ACTUAL 100 Fm 5f 12 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 88 Ra 7s 2 89 Ac 5f 1 7s 2 90 Th 5f 2 7s 2 91 Pa 5f 3 7s 2 92 U 5f 4 7s 2 93 Np 5f 5 7s 2 94 Pu 5f 6 7s 2 95 Am 5f 7 7s 2 96 Cm 5f 8 7s 2 97 Bk 5f 9 7s 2 98 Cf 5f 10 7s 2 99 Es 5f 11 7s 2 101 Md 5f 13 7s 2 102 Nb 5f 14 7s 2 103 Lr 6d 1 7s 2 104 Rf 6d 2 7s 2 105 Db 6d 3 7s 2 106 Sg 6d 4 7s 2 107 Bh 6d 5 7s 2 108 Hs 6d 6 7s 2 109 Mt 6d 7 7s 2 110 Ds 6d 8 7s 2 111 Rg 6d 9 7s 2 2 He 1s 2
d 1 ELECTRÓN DIFERENCIADOR Y POSICIÓN EN LA TABLA d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 7 d 8 d 9 d 10 f 1 f 13 f 14 f 12 f 11 f 10 f 9 f 8 f 7 f 6 f 5 f 4 f 3 f 2 p 1 p 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p 6 s 2 s 1
NÚMERO DE CAPAS Y POSICIÓN EN LA TABLA 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 7

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Construcción del sistema periódico

  • 1. I.E.S. “Francisco Giner de los Ríos” - Departamento de Física y Química – F.CAPDEVILA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL SISTEMA PERIÓDICO
  • 2.
  • 3. Z = Elemento: Familia: HIDRÓGENO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 1s 1 1 1 H 1s 1
  • 4. Z = Elemento: Familia: HELIO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 1s 2 2 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1
  • 5. Z = Elemento: Familia: LITIO H Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 1 3 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1
  • 6. Z = Elemento: Familia: BERILIO He Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 4 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2
  • 7. Z = Elemento: Familia: BORO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 1 5 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2
  • 8. Z = Elemento: Familia: CARBONO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 2 6 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2
  • 9. Z = Elemento: Familia: NITRÓGENO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 3 7 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3
  • 10. Z = Elemento: Familia: OXÍGENO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 4 8 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4
  • 11. Z = Elemento: Familia: FLÚOR Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 5 9 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5
  • 12. Z = Elemento: Familia: NEÓN Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 2s 2 p 6 10 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6
  • 13. Z = Elemento: Familia: SODIO H - Li Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 1 11 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1
  • 14. Z = Elemento: Familia: MAGNESIO He - Be Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 12 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1
  • 15. Z = Elemento: Familia: ALUMINIO B Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 1 13 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1
  • 16. Z = Elemento: Familia: SILICIO C Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 2 14 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2
  • 17. Z = Elemento: Familia: FÓSFORO N Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 3 15 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3
  • 18. Z = Elemento: Familia: AZUFRE O Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 4 16 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4
  • 19. Z = Elemento: Familia: CLORO F Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 5 17 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5
  • 20. Z = Elemento: Familia: ARGÓN Ne Configuración electrónica externa: 3s 2 p 6 18 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6
  • 21. Z = Elemento: Familia: POTASIO H – Li - Na Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 1 19 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1
  • 22. Z = Elemento: Familia: CALCIO He – Be - Mg Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 20 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2
  • 23. Z = Elemento: Familia: ESCANDIO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 1 4s 2 21 Para respetar el criterio de ordenación adoptado, según valores crecientes del número atómico Z, el escandio (Z=21) debe seguir al calcio (Z=20). Esta circunstancia nos obliga a “abrir” la tabla y a separar las dos primeras columnas del resto para así hacer sitio a los elementos con electrones diferenciadores en orbitales d. 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2
  • 24. Z = Elemento: Familia: TITANIO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 2 4s 2 22 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2
  • 25. Z = Elemento: Familia: VANADIO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 3 4s 2 23 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2
  • 26. Z = Elemento: Familia: CROMO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 4 4s 2 24 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2
  • 27. Z = Elemento: Familia: MANGANESO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 5 4s 2 25 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2
  • 28. Z = Elemento: Familia: HIERRO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 6 4s 2 26 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2
  • 29. Z = Elemento: Familia: COBALTO Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 7 4s 2 27 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2
  • 30. Z = Elemento: Familia: NÍQUEL Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 8 4s 2 28 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2
  • 31. Z = Elemento: Familia: COBRE Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 9 4s 2 29 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2
  • 32. Z = Elemento: Familia: ZINC Nuevo grupo Configuración electrónica externa: 3d 10 4s 2 30 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2
  • 33. Z = Elemento: Familia: GALIO B - Al Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 1 31 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1
  • 34. Z = Elemento: Familia: GERMANIO C - Si Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 2 32 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2
  • 35. Z = Elemento: Familia: ARSÉNICO N - P Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 3 33 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3
  • 36. Z = Elemento: Familia: SELENIO O - S Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 4 34 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4
  • 37. Z = Elemento: Familia: BROMO F - Cl Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 5 35 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5
  • 38. Z = Elemento: Familia: KRIPTÓN Ne - Ar Configuración electrónica externa: 4s 2 p 6 36 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6
  • 39. Z = Elemento: Familia: RUBIDIO H – Li – Na - K Configuración electrónica externa: 5s 1 37 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1
  • 40. Z = Elemento: Familia: ESTRONCIO He – Be – Mg – Ca Configuración electrónica externa: 5s 2 38 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2
  • 41. Configuración electrónica externa: De Z = Elemento: Desde el YTRIO hasta el CADMIO De 4d 1 5s 2 a 4d 10 5s 2 39 a Z = 48 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2
  • 42. Configuración electrónica externa: De Z = Elemento: Desde el INDIO hasta el XENÓN De 5s 2 p 1 a 5s 2 p 6 49 a Z = 54 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6
  • 43. Elemento: CESIO Familia: 55 Z = Configuración electrónica externa: 6s 1 H – Li – Na – K – Rb 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6
  • 44. Elemento: BARIO Familia: 56 Z = Configuración electrónica externa: 6s 2 He – Be – Mg – Ca – Sr 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 56 Ba 6s 2
  • 45. Elemento: De Z = 57 a Z = 70 Desde el LANTANO hasta el YTERBIO Configuración electrónica externa: De 4f 1 6s 2 a 4f 14 6s 2 Los lantánidos, con electrones diferenciadores en orbitales f, son elementos poco frecuentes (“tierras raras”) y, en general, no demasiado importantes, por lo que suelen colocarse fuera del cuerpo principal de la Tabla . 56 Ba 6s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2
  • 46. Elemento: De Z = 71 a Z = 80 Desde el LUTECIO hasta el MERCURIO Configuración electrónica externa: De 5d 1 6s 2 a 5d 10 6s 2 56 Ba 6s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2
  • 47. Elemento: De Z = 81 a Z = 86 Desde el TALIO hasta el RADÓN Configuración electrónica externa: De 6s 2 p 1 a 6s 2 p 6 56 Ba 6s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6
  • 48. Elemento: Z = 87 FRANCIO Familia: H – Li – Na – K – Rb – Cs Configuración electrónica externa: 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1
  • 49. Elemento: Z = 88 RADIO Familia: He – Be – Mg – Ca – Sr – Ba Configuración electrónica externa: 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 88 Ra 7s 2 56 Ba 6s 2
  • 50. Elemento: De Z = 89 a Z = 102 Desde el ACTINIO hasta el NOBELIO Configuración electrónica externa: De 5f 1 7s 2 a 5f 14 7s 2 Los elementos actínidos se colocan debajo de los lantánidos . 100 Fm 5f 12 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 88 Ra 7s 2 89 Ac 5f 1 7s 2 90 Th 5f 2 7s 2 91 Pa 5f 3 7s 2 92 U 5f 4 7s 2 93 Np 5f 5 7s 2 94 Pu 5f 6 7s 2 95 Am 5f 7 7s 2 96 Cm 5f 8 7s 2 97 Bk 5f 9 7s 2 98 Cf 5f 10 7s 2 99 Es 5f 11 7s 2 101 Md 5f 13 7s 2 102 Nb 5f 14 7s 2
  • 51. Elemento: De Z = 103 a Z = 111 Desde el LAURENCIO hasta el ROENTGENIO Configuración electrónica externa: De 6d 1 7s 2 a 6d 9 7s 2 100 Fm 5f 12 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 88 Ra 7s 2 89 Ac 5f 1 7s 2 90 Th 5f 2 7s 2 91 Pa 5f 3 7s 2 92 U 5f 4 7s 2 93 Np 5f 5 7s 2 94 Pu 5f 6 7s 2 95 Am 5f 7 7s 2 96 Cm 5f 8 7s 2 97 Bk 5f 9 7s 2 98 Cf 5f 10 7s 2 99 Es 5f 11 7s 2 101 Md 5f 13 7s 2 102 Nb 5f 14 7s 2 103 Lr 6d 1 7s 2 104 Rf 6d 2 7s 2 105 Db 6d 3 7s 2 106 Sg 6d 4 7s 2 107 Bh 6d 5 7s 2 108 Hs 6d 6 7s 2 109 Mt 6d 7 7s 2 110 Ds 6d 8 7s 2 111 Rg 6d 9 7s 2
  • 52. Excepción: HELIO ( Z=2) Este elemento muestra las propiedades características de los gases nobles (Ne-Ar-Kr-Xe-Rn) por lo debe trasladarse a la última columna de la Tabla: 100 Fm 5f 12 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 2 He 1s 2 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 88 Ra 7s 2 89 Ac 5f 1 7s 2 90 Th 5f 2 7s 2 91 Pa 5f 3 7s 2 92 U 5f 4 7s 2 93 Np 5f 5 7s 2 94 Pu 5f 6 7s 2 95 Am 5f 7 7s 2 96 Cm 5f 8 7s 2 97 Bk 5f 9 7s 2 98 Cf 5f 10 7s 2 99 Es 5f 11 7s 2 101 Md 5f 13 7s 2 102 Nb 5f 14 7s 2 103 Lr 6d 1 7s 2 104 Rf 6d 2 7s 2 105 Db 6d 3 7s 2 106 Sg 6d 4 7s 2 107 Bh 6d 5 7s 2 108 Hs 6d 6 7s 2 109 Mt 6d 7 7s 2 110 Ds 6d 8 7s 2 111 Rg 6d 9 7s 2 2 He 1s 2
  • 53. TABLA PERIÓDICA ACTUAL 100 Fm 5f 12 7s 2 55 Cs 6s 1 12 Mg 3s 2 5 B 2s 2 p 1 1 H 1s 1 3 Li 2s 1 4 Be 2s 2 6 C 2s 2 p 2 7 N 2s 2 p 3 8 O 2s 2 p 4 9 F 2s 2 p 5 10 Ne 2s 2 p 6 11 Na 3s 1 13 Al 3s 2 p 1 14 Si 3s 2 p 2 15 P 3s 2 p 3 16 S 3s 2 p 4 17 Cl 3s 2 p 5 18 Ar 3s 2 p 6 19 K 4s 1 20 Ca 4s 2 21 Sc 3d 1 4s 2 22 Ti 3d 2 4s 2 23 V 3d 3 4s 2 24 Cr 3d 4 4s 2 25 Mn 3d 5 4s 2 26 Fe 3d 6 4s 2 27 Co 3d 7 4s 2 28 Ni 3d 8 4s 2 29 Cu 3d 9 4s 2 30 Zn 3d 10 4s 2 31 Ga 4s 2 p 1 32 Ge 4s 2 p 2 33 As 4s 2 p 3 34 Se 4s 2 p 4 35 Br 4s 2 p 5 36 Kr 4s 2 p 6 37 Rb 5s 1 38 Sr 5s 2 39 Y 4d 1 5s 2 40 Zr 4d 2 5s 2 41 Nb 4d 3 5s 2 42 Mo 4d 4 5s 2 43 Tc 4d 5 5s 2 44 Ru 4d 6 5s 2 45 Rh 4d 7 5s 2 46 Pd 4d 8 5s 2 47 Ag 4d 9 5s 2 48 Cd 4d 10 5s 2 49 In 5s 2 p 1 50 Sn 5s 2 p 2 51 Sb 5s 2 p 3 52 Te 5s 2 p 4 53 I 5s 2 p 5 54 Xe 5s 2 p 6 57 La 4f 1 6s 2 58 Ce 4f 2 6s 2 59 Pr 4f 3 6s 2 60 Nd 4f 4 6s 2 61 Pm 4f 5 6s 2 62 Sm 4f 6 6s 2 63 Eu 4f 7 6s 2 64 Gd 4f 8 6s 2 65 Tb 4f 9 6s 2 66 Dy 4f 10 6s 2 67 Ho 4f 11 6s 2 68 Er 4f 12 6s 2 69 Tm 4f 13 6s 2 70 Yb 4f 14 6s 2 71 Lu 5d 1 6s 2 72 Hf 5d 2 6s 2 73 Ta 5d 3 6s 2 74 W 5d 4 6s 2 75 Re 5d 5 6s 2 76 Os 5d 6 6s 2 77 Ir 5d 7 6s 2 78 Pt 5d 8 6s 2 79 Au 5d 9 6s 2 80 Hg 5d 10 6s 2 81 Tl 6s 2 p 1 82 Pb 6s 2 p 2 83 Bi 6s 2 p 3 84 Po 6s 2 p 4 85 At 6s 2 p 5 86 Rn 6s 2 p 6 87 Fr 7s 1 56 Ba 6s 2 88 Ra 7s 2 89 Ac 5f 1 7s 2 90 Th 5f 2 7s 2 91 Pa 5f 3 7s 2 92 U 5f 4 7s 2 93 Np 5f 5 7s 2 94 Pu 5f 6 7s 2 95 Am 5f 7 7s 2 96 Cm 5f 8 7s 2 97 Bk 5f 9 7s 2 98 Cf 5f 10 7s 2 99 Es 5f 11 7s 2 101 Md 5f 13 7s 2 102 Nb 5f 14 7s 2 103 Lr 6d 1 7s 2 104 Rf 6d 2 7s 2 105 Db 6d 3 7s 2 106 Sg 6d 4 7s 2 107 Bh 6d 5 7s 2 108 Hs 6d 6 7s 2 109 Mt 6d 7 7s 2 110 Ds 6d 8 7s 2 111 Rg 6d 9 7s 2 2 He 1s 2
  • 54. d 1 ELECTRÓN DIFERENCIADOR Y POSICIÓN EN LA TABLA d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 7 d 8 d 9 d 10 f 1 f 13 f 14 f 12 f 11 f 10 f 9 f 8 f 7 f 6 f 5 f 4 f 3 f 2 p 1 p 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p 6 s 2 s 1
  • 55. NÚMERO DE CAPAS Y POSICIÓN EN LA TABLA 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 7