1. NatioNal iNstitute of fashioN techNology,
New Delhi
TIME STUDY
MEASUREMENT
SUBJECT :- PWS
BY :-
AMIT KUMAR SINGH (01)
ANUJ KUMAR (02)
AMARTO CHAKRAVARTY (04)

2. AJAD KUMAR PANDAY (10)
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 2

3. CONTENTS
AN INTRODUCTION TO TIME STUDY
• Steps in a time study
• Elements
• Work cycle
THE ASSIGNMENT
• Objectives of the assignment
• Assumptions for the study
ORIGINAL METHOD
• Operational break down of front regular placket, shoulder
attachment and side seam attachment
• Two handed process chart of front regular placket, shoulder
attachment and side seam attachment
• Man machine chart of front regular placket, shoulder attachment
and side seam attachment
• Time study sheet of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and
side seam attachment
• Calculations
PROPOSED METHOD
• Operational break down of front regular placket, shoulder
attachment and side seam attachment
• Two handed process chart of front regular placket, shoulder
attachment and side seam attachment
• Man machine chart of front regular placket, shoulder attachment
and side seam attachment
• Time study sheet of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and
side seam attachment
• Calculations
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 3

4. AN INTRODUCTION TO TIME STUDY
Time Study is a work measurement technique for recording the times and rates of
working for the element of a specialized job carried out under specified conditions,
and for analyzing the data so as to obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job
at a defined level of performance.
A distinction is made in time study practice between what are termed representative
workers and qualified workers. A representative worker is one whose skill and
performance is the average of the group under consideration. He is not necessarily a
qualified worker. The concept of the qualified worker is an important one in time
study. He is defined as follows:
A qualified worker is one who is accepted as having the necessary physical
attributes, who possesses the required intelligence and education, and who has
acquired the necessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work in hand to
satisfactory standards of safety, quantity and quality. For time study, an average
qualified worker is studied.
STEPS IN A TIME STUDY
When the work to be measured has been selected, the time study usually consists of
the following eight steps:
1) Obtaining and recording all the information available about the job, the
operative and the surrounding conditions, which is likely to affect the carrying
out of the work.
2) Recording a complete description of the method, breaking down the operation
into “elements”.
3) Examining the detailed breakdown to ensure that the most effective method
and motions are being used, and determining the sample size.
4) Measuring with a time device (usually a stop watch) and recording the time
taken by the operative to perform each “element” of the operation.
5) At the same time, assessing the effective speed of working of the operative
relative to the observer’s concept of the rate corresponding to standard rating.
6) Extending the observed times to “basic times”.
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 4

5. 7) Determining the allowances to be made over and above the basic time for the
operation.
8) Determining the “standard time” for the operation.
ELEMENTS
An element is a distinct part of a specified job selected for convenience of
observation, measurement and analysis.
Types of elements
1. A repetitive element is an element which occurs in every work cycle of the job.
2. An occasional element is one which doesn’t occur in every work cycle of
operation but may occur at regular or irregular intervals
3. A constant element is an element for which the basic time remains constant
whenever it is performed.
4. A variable element is one for which basic time varies in relation to some
characteristics of the product.
5. A manual element is an element performed by a worker.
6. A machine element is one that is automatically performed by a power driven
machine. Once started, it cannot be influenced by the worker.
7. A governing element is an element occupying a longer time than that of any
other element being performed concurrently.
8. A foreign element is an element, observed during study, which after analysis is
not found to be essential part of the job.
WORK CYCLE
A work cycle is the sequence of elements which are required to perform a job or yield
a unit of production. The sequence may sometimes include occasional elements.
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 5

6. THE ASSIGNMENT:
An operation of Regular Placket making with side seam and shoulder attachment of a
Shirt has been assigned and it is required that we study the existing method using
principles of work study and thereby propose a new method which is more efficient.
OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT:
To understand the concept behind work study and their implementation in:
Improvement of processes and procedures
•
Improvement in the design of the plant and equipment
•
Improvement in the use of men, materials and machines
•
Efficient materials handling
•
Improvement in the flow of production and processes
•
Economy in human effort and the reduction of unnecessary fatigue
•
Method standardization
•
Development of better physical working environment
•
ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE STUDY:
• We assume that our operator is a skilled qualified worker required for time
study and hence we shall give the rating 100
• As we are working on an experimental scale and not a very large scale we
shall take 5 observations for the existing method and two each for the
proposed methods
• We shall assume the following standard allowances for our calculations:
Personal allowance: 11 %
Machine Allowance: 5 %
Contingency Allowance: 3 %
• We are assuming a 8 hr shift wherein the total number of working hours in a
day are 8 and the month is assumed to be of 30 days
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 6

7. THE ORIGINAL METHOD:
The existing method adopted is the traditional method in practice for making shirt
front plackets. An operation breakdown of the same has been shown below which
depicts the flow process and the process breakdown.
OPERATIONAL BREAKDOWN FOR PLACKET
Shirt front picked from right by right hand
Shirt front nail pressed at 1.5 inch from centre front line to inner side
Fabric kept in stitching area
Pressure foot and needle moved down
edge stitch at 5mm
Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out
Thread been cut
Turn inside and nail press at 1.5 inch from the early folded area
Fabric kept in stitching area
Pressure foot and Needle moved down
Edge stitch at 5mm from edge
Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 7

8. Thread been cut
Nail pressed open from the second stitch
Stitched fabric is kept left side
OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT
Shirt back picked from right by right hand
Shirt front picked from left by left hand
Back aligned with front
assembly kept in stitching area
Pressure foot and Needle moved down
Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of shoulder
Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling
assembly out
Thread been cut
Stitched fabric kept left side
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 8

9. OPERATION BREAKDOWN OF SIDE SEAM
Assembly to stitch is picked from the right by right hand side
shared assembly of left hand to right hand
Panels are aligned from the side seam
Kept assembly at the stitching area
Pressure foot and Needle moved down
Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of side seam
Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling assembly
out
Thread been cut
Fabric kept to the left side
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 9
Stitch

10. PROCESS CHART (FOR SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET)
LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND
SIDE
Idle Front picked
Hold front Nail press
Place on machine and Place front and
align align
Hold front Needle down
Hold front Bar tack
Maintain correct
Move front along
distance
Hold stitched fabric Needle moved up
Remove front Trim thread
Hold folded front Nail press
Position pieces on Position piece on
machine machine
Hold the pieces Needle down
Hold the pieces Bar tack
Maintain correct
Move pieces along
distance
Hold stitched fabric Needle moved up
Remove pieces Trim thread
Hold stitched piece Nail press
Stitched fabric kept Next piece of
left side front taken
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 10

11. PROCESS CHART (FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT)
LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND
SIDE
idle back picked
Front picked Back hold
Back aligning to
Front aligning to back
front
Kept align
Kept align assembly
assembly at
at stitching area
stitching area
Needle moved
Hold assembly
down
Hold assembly Bar tack
Maintain correct
Move front along
distance
Hold stitched fabric Needle moved up
Remove front Trim thread
Stitched fabric kept Next piece of
left side back picked
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 11

12. PROCESS CHART (FOR SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT)
LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND
SIDE
Assembly to stitch
idle
picked
Shared assembly idle
Place on machine and Place assembly
align and align
Hold assembly Needle down
Hold assembly Bar tack
Maintain correct
Move front along
distance
Hold stitched assembly Needle up
Remove front Trim thread
Stitched fabric kept left Next assembly is
side picked
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 12

13. MAN MACHINE CHART
SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET
MAN MACHINE
Front picked, nail pressed at 5 inch Idle
placed it in stitching area idle
pressure foot & needle down idle
Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm
Idle Stitch complete
Pressure foot and needle moved up idle
Remove fabric from machine Idle
Nail press at 1.5 inch idle
Place fabric in stitching area Idle
Pressure foot and needle put down idle
Idle Bar tack, stitch on 5 mm
Idle Stitch complete
Pressure foot and needle moved up idle
Remove and discard piece Idle
Nail press open at second stitch idle
Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 13

14. SHOULDER ATTACHMENT
MAN MACHINE
Front and back pieces picked, and Idle
aligned at shoulder Idle
placed it in stitching area idle
Pressure foot and needle moved down idle
Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm
Idle Stitch complete
Pressure foot and needle moved up idle
Remove fabric from machine Idle
Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle
SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT
MAN MACHINE
Assembly picked Idle
aligned at side seam Idle
placed it in stitching area idle
Pressure foot and needle moved down idle
Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm
Idle Stitch complete
Pressure foot and needle moved up idle
Remove fabric from machine Idle
Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 14

15. TIME STUDY SHEET:
Time Study Sheet:
SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
Study No.1
OPERATION: FRONT REGULAR PLACKET MAKING
Sheet No.1
MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP
Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
Checked:
Observed Time
Total Avg
No ELEMENT DESCRIPTION
R B.T.
1 2 3
O.T. O.T.
1 Front picked 3.72 3.11 2.84
9.67 3.22 100 3.22
Front nail pressed at 1.5
2 7.25 6.78 8.67
inch 22.7 7.56 100 7.56
Front placed in stitching
3 4.70 5.68 4.82
area 15.2 5.06 100 5.06
Pressure bar and Needle
4 2.14 2.07 2.68 6.89 2.31 100 2.31
put down
26.79 8.93 100 8.93
7 Edge stitch at 5 mm 8.48 9.62 8.69
Pressure bar and needle 13.44 4.48 100 4.48
8 4.56 4.92 3.97
moved up pulling fabric out
8.11 2.70 2.70
9 Thread been cut 2.41 2.84 2.86
16.95 5.65 5.65
10 Nail pressed at 1.5 inch 6.24 5.48 5.23
14.19 4.73 100 4.73
Fabric placed in stitching
11 4.39 3.96 5.84
area
6.96 2.32 100 2.32
Pressure bar and Needle
12 2.64 2.36 1.96
put down
29.26 9.75 100 9.75
14 Stitch at 5 mm from edge 10.29 9.41 9.59
8.52 2.84 100 2.84
Pressure bar and needle
15 3.11 2.76 2.65
moved up pulling fabric out
6.92 2.30 100 2.30
16 Thread been cut 1.59 2.68 2.65
23.56 7.85 100 7.85
Nail pressed at second
17 8.77 7.67 7.12
stitch
12.29 4.09 100 11.08
18 Stitched fabric kept left side 3.34 4.43 4.52
R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 15

16. *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100
CALCULATIONS:
Total Basic Time: 73.79 sec
Calculation of SAM:
Personal Allowance: 11%
Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 73.79= 8.11
Machine Allowance: 5 %
5/100 * 73.79= 3.68
Contingency Allowance: 3 %
3/100 * 73.79= 2.21
Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance
= 3.68 sec + 8.11 sec + 2.21 sec = 14 sec
SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances
Therefore SAM = 73.79+ 14 = 87.79 sec
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 16

17. SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
Study No.1
OPERATION: SHOULDER ATTACHMENT
Sheet No.1
MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP
Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
Checked:
Total
Observed Time
ELEMENT Avg
O.T.
No R B.T.
DESCRIPTION O.T.
1 2 3
1 Shirt back picked 1.98 2.36 2.17 6.51 2.17 100 2.17
2 Shirt front picked 1.29 1.31 1.59 4.19 1.39 100 1.39
Back aligned with front
2 5.32 5.41 6.86 17.59 5.86 100 5.86
at shoulder side
assembly placed in
3 4.98 5.87 5.68 16.53 5.51 100 5.51
stitching area
Pressure bar and
4 2.3 2.18 2.10 6.58 2.19 100 2.19
Needle put down
stitch at 5 mm from
7 4.03 4.69 5.48 14.20 4.73 100 4.73
edge of shoulder
Pressure bar and
8 needle moved up 4.10 5.65 4.85 14.6 4.86 100 4.86
pulling fabric out
9 Thread been cut 1.62 1.98 2.65 6.25 2.08 100 2.08
Stitched fabric kept left
10 4.49 4.57 3.17 12.23 4.07 100 4.07
side
R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time
*Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 17

18. CALCULATIONS:
Total Basic Time: 32.86 sec
Calculation of SAM:
Personal Allowance: 11%
Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 32.86 = 3.61
Machine Allowance: 5 %
5/100 * 32.86 = 1.64
Contingency Allowance: 3 %
3/100 * 32.86 = 0.98
Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance
= 1.64 sec + 3.61 sec + 0.98 sec = 6.23 sec
SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances
Therefore SAM = 32.86 + 6.23 = 39.09 sec
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 18

19. SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
Study No.1
OPERATION: SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT
Sheet No.1
MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP
Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
Checked:
Observed Time
ELEMENT Total Avg
No R B.T.
DESCRIPTION O.T. O.T.
1 2 3
Assembly to stitch is
1 2.89 3.11 2.97 8.97 2.99 100 2.99
picked
Alignment of panels at
2 2.65 3.10 2.58 8.33 2.77 100 2.77
side seam
assembly placed in
3 2.48 3.07 2.68 8.23 2.74 100 2.47
stitching area
Pressure bar and
4 3.14 2.98 2.83 8.95 2.98 100 2.98
Needle put down
stitch at 5 mm from
7 6.99 7.98 6.21 21.18 7.08 100 7.08
edge of side seam
Pressure bar and
8 needle moved up 3.69 3.65 4.15 11.49 3.83 100 3.83
pulling fabric out
9 Thread been cut 2.10 3.25 1.87 7.22 2.40 100 2.40
Stitched fabric kept left
10 2.64 3.58 3.41 9.63 3.21 100 3.21
side
R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time
*Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 19

20. CALCULATIONS:
Total Basic Time: 27.73 sec
Calculation of SAM:
Personal Allowance: 11%
Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 27.73= 3.05
Machine Allowance: 5 %
5/100 * 27.73= 1.38
Contingency Allowance: 3 %
3/100 * 27.73= 0.83
Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance
= 1.38 sec + 3.05 sec + 0.83 sec = 5.26 sec
SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances
Therefore SAM = 27.73 + 5.26 = 32.99 sec
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 20

21. THE PROPOSED METHODS:
The initial changes:
• The layout was organized
• Proper lighting was ensured
• The tools which are convenient to use were placed in proper position keeping
ergonomic principals in mind
• Proper seating arrangement was ensured
OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR PLACKET
Shirt front picked from right by right hand
Shirt front nail pressed at 1.5 inch from centre front line to inner side
Again front nail pressed at 1.5 inch to inner side
Fabric kept in stitching area
Pressure foot and Needle moved down
Edge stitch at 5mm from inner side of folded placket
Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out
Thread been cut
Nail pressed open on stitch
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 21

22. Fabric kept in stitching area
Pressure foot and Needle moved down
Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out
Thread been cut
Stitched fabric is kept left side
OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT
Shirt front picked from left by left hand and kept on table
Shirt back picked from right by right hand and kept aligning
shoulder
Assembly kept in stitching area
Pressure foot and Needle moved down
Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of shoulder
Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling
assembly out
Thread been cut
Stitched fabric kept left side
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 22

23. OPERATION BREAKDOWN OF SIDE SEAM
Assembly to stitch is picked from the left by left hand
Panels are aligned from the side seam
Kept assembly at the stitching area
Pressure foot and Needle moved down
Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of side seam
Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling assembly out
Thread been cut
Fabric kept to the left side
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 23
Stitch

24. PROCESS CHART (FOR SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET)
LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND
SIDE
idle Front picked
Hold front Nail press
Hold folded front Nail press
Place on machine and Place front and
align align
Hold front Needle down
Hold front Bar tack
Maintain correct
Move front along
distance
Hold fabric Needle up
Remove front Trim thread
Hold folded front Nail press
Position pieces on Position piece on
machine machine
Hold the pieces Needle down
Hold the pieces Bar tack
Maintain correct
Move pieces along
distance
Hold stitched fabric Needle up
Remove pieces Trim thread
Stitched fabric kept Next piece to
left side stitch is picked
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 24

25. PROCESS CHART (FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT)
LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND
SIDE
Front picked idle
Hold front on table back picked
Back aligning on
Hold front on table
to front
Needle moved
Hold assembly
down
Hold assembly Bar tack
Maintain correct
Move front along
distance
Hold stitched fabric Needle up
Remove front Trim thread
Stitched fabric kept Next back piece
left side is picked
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 25

26. PROCESS CHART (FOR SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT)
LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND
SIDE
Assembly to stitch
idle
picked
Place on machine and Place assembly
align and align
Hold assembly Needle down
Hold assembly Bar tack
Maintain correct
Move front along
distance
Hold stitched fabric Needle up
Remove front Trim thread
Stitched fabric kept
idle
left side
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 26

27. MAN MACHINE CHART
SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET
MAN MACHINE
Front picked, nail pressed at 5 inch, again
Idle
nail pressed at 5 inch,
placed it in stitching area idle
pressure foot & needle down idle
Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm
Idle Stitch complete
Pressure foot and needle moved up idle
Remove fabric from machine Idle
Nail press open on stitch idle
Place fabric in stitching area Idle
Pressure foot and needle put down idle
Idle Bar tack, stitch on 5 mm
Idle Stitch complete
Pressure foot and needle moved up idle
Remove and discard ready piece Idle
Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 27

28. SHOULDER ATTACHMENT
MAN MACHINE
Front and back pieces picked Idle
aligned at shoulder Idle
placed it in stitching area idle
Pressure foot and needle put down idle
Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm
Idle Stitch complete
Pressure foot and needle moved up idle
Remove fabric from machine Idle
Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle
SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT
MAN MACHINE
Assembly picked Idle
aligned at side seam Idle
placed it in stitching area idle
Pressure foot and needle put down idle
Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm
Idle Stitch complete
Pressure foot and needle moved up idle
Remove fabric from machine Idle
Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 28

29. TIME STUDY SHEET:
SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
Study No.1
OPERATION: FRONT REGULAR PLACKET MAKING
Sheet No.1
MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP
Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
Checked:
Observed Time
Total Avg
No ELEMENT DESCRIPTION R B.T.
O.T. O.T.
1 2 3
1 Front picked 2.90 2.47 2.47 7.84 2.61 100 2.61
Front nail pressed at 1.5
2 4.10 5.04 4.06 13.20 4.40 100 4.40
inch
Again Front nail pressed at
2 6.62 6.8 5.28 18.7 6.23 100 6.23
1.5 inch
Front placed in stitching
3 1.77 1.81 1.67 5.25 1.75 100 1.75
area
Pressure bar and Needle
4 2.25 2.42 1.73 6.40 2.13 100 2.13
put down
7 Edge stitch at 5 mm 6.54 5.94 5.73 18.21 6.07 100 6.07
Pressure bar and needle
8 2.87 2.27 2.61 7.75 2.58 100 2.58
moved up pulling fabric out
9 Thread been cut 3.16 3.05 2.82 9.03 3.01 100 3.01
10 Nail press open on stitch 5.29 4.85 4.18 14.32 4.77 100 4.77
Fabric placed in stitching
11 3.79 3.14 4.08 11.01 3.67 100 3.67
area
Pressure bar and Needle
12 1.39 1.82 1.18 4.39 1.46 100 1.46
put down
14 Stitch at 5 mm from edge 5.77 5.64 4.57 15.88 5.29 100 5.29
Pressure bar and needle
15 1.47 1.58 1.55 4.60 1.53 100 1.53
moved up pulling fabric out
16 Thread been cut 1.84 1.64 2.12 5.60 1.86 100 1.86
17 Stitched fabric kept left side 3.28 3.41 4.71 11.4 3.8 100 3.80
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 29

30. R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time
*Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100
CALCULATIONS:
Total Basic Time: 51.16 sec
Calculation of SAM:
Personal Allowance: 11%
Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 51.16 = 5.62
Machine Allowance: 5 %
5/100 * 51.16 = 2.55
Contingency Allowance: 3 %
3/100 * 51.16 = 1.53
Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance
= 2.55 sec + 5.62 sec + 1.53 sec = 9.7 sec
SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances
Therefore SAM = 51.16+ 9.70 = 60.86 sec
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 30

31. SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
Study No.1
OPERATION: SHOULDER ATTACHMENT
Sheet No.1
MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP
Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
Checked:
Observed Time
ELEMENT Total Avg
No R B.T.
DESCRIPTION O.T. O.T.
1 2 3
1 Shirt front picked 1.78 1.84 2.14 5.76 1.92 100 1.92
2 Shirt back picked 1.85 2.01 1.79 5.65 1.88 100 1.88
Back aligned with front
2 6.87 5.62 6.08 18.57 6.19 100 6.19
at shoulder side
assembly placed in
3 1.21 1.64 1.91 4.76 1.58 100 1.58
stitching area
Pressure bar and
4 1.86 1.21 1.52 4.59 1.53 100 1.53
Needle put down
stitch at 5 mm from
7 4.48 4.01 5.86 14.35 4.78 100 4.78
edge of shoulder
Pressure bar and needle
8 moved up pulling 2.61 3.17 2.85 8.63 2.87 100 2.87
fabric out
9 Thread been cut 1.89 1.64 2.24 5.77 1.92 100 1.92
Stitched fabric kept left
10 1.80 2.59 1.94 6.33 2.11 100 2.11
side
R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time
*Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 31

32. CALCULATIONS:
Total Basic Time: 24.78 sec
Calculation of SAM:
Personal Allowance: 11%
Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 24.78 = 2.72
Machine Allowance: 5 %
5/100 * 24.78 = 1.23
Contingency Allowance: 3 %
3/100 * 24.78 = 0.74
Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance
= 1.23 sec + 2.72 sec + 0.74 sec = 4.69 sec
SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances
Therefore SAM = 24.78 + 4.96 = 29.47 sec
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 32

33. SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
Study No.1
OPERATION: SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT
Sheet No.1
MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP
Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
Checked:
Observed Time
ELEMENT Total Avg
No R B.T.
DESCRIPTION O.T. O.T.
1 2 3
Assembly to stitch is
1 2.03 2.98 2.47 7.48 2.49 100 2.49
picked
Alignment of panels at
2 2.12 3.15 2.48 7.75 2.58 100 2.58
side seam
assembly placed in
3 2.34 3.09 2.28 7.71 2.57 100 2.57
stitching area
Pressure bar and
4 2.01 1.47 1.52 5.00 1.66 100 1.66
Needle put down
stitch at 5 mm from
7 5.85 5.01 6.21 17.07 5.69 100 5.69
edge of side seam
Pressure bar and
8 needle moved up 2.31 3.65 2.85 8.81 2.93 100 2.93
pulling fabric out
9 Thread been cut 1.84 2.24 1.57 5.65 1.88 100 1.88
Stitched fabric kept left
10 1.61 1.89 2.34 5.84 1.94 100 1.94
side
R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time
*Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 33

34. CALCULATIONS:
Total Basic Time: 21.74 sec
Calculation of SAM:
Personal Allowance: 11%
Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 21.74= 2.39
Machine Allowance: 5 %
5/100 * 21.74= 1.08
Contingency Allowance: 3 %
3/100 * 21.74= 0.65
Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance
= 2.39 sec + 1.08 sec + 0.65 sec = 4.12 sec
SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances
Therefore SAM = 21.74+ 4.12 = 25.86 sec
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 34

35. CONCLUSION:
We can conclude from the above listed observations and charts that:
• Conformance to ergonomic standards affects productivity to a great extent
• Comfort of operator is directly reflected in output
• Work study is the biggest tool which enables us to assess the present
techniques and propose new more efficient methods
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
• Work Study by O.P.Khanna
• Introduction to Work Study (An ILO publication)
• Motion and Time Study by Ralph M. Barnes
Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 35