x ray

1. X RAY FILMS AND THEIR
DEVELOPMENT
Presented
By
AMIT KUMAR
ME FINAL YEAR
(0708240008)

2. X RAY FILMS:
X ray film is a sheet of plastic (polyester,
nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate) coated with
an emulsion-gelatin containing light-sensitive
silver halide salts.

3. X-ray films have two essential
components –
 Base- Polyester (polyethylene
terephthalate resin) 0.2mm
thick.
 Emulsion- Silver halide crystals
suspended in gelatin.
(0.007- 0.02mm).

4. Cross section of x-ray film
Gelatin super-coat
Emulsion base Adhesive
Gelatin super-coat

5. BASE
CHARACTERISTICS-
•Transparent
• Flexible
• Untearable
• Uniform thickness & colour
• Impermeable in water & processing solution
• Non inflammable
• Chemically inactive
• Dimensionally stable throughout processing.
FUNCTION OF FILM BASE-
1) Support for emulsion layer.
2) Transmit light to view image.

6. EMULSION
Microscopic crystals of silver-bromide
&
silver iodide suspended in gelatin.
Gelatin- treated with mustardoil
improves sensitivity of
emulsion
keeps silver halides
uniformly dispersed
readily penetrated by
processing chemicals and
water

7. Types of films
1. Duplitized emulsion films
a) Direct exposure (non-screen
films)
. Intra-oral dental films
. Kidney surgery films
. Radiation monitoring films
b) Screen type films (for use with
intensifying screens)

8. Duplitizing Films

9. 2. Single emulsion film
a) Screen type films (for use with single
intensifying screens)- Mammography.
b) Photoflurographic films- cine films-
miniature radiograph.
c) Cathode-ray-tube (CRT)
photography- USG, CT, MRI.
d) Subtraction films.
e) Laser imaging film

10. Single sided emulsion film