1. ACADEMIC FREEDOM

2. “Truth is not only violated by
falsehood;
it may be equally outraged by
silence“
Henri Frederic Amiel
a.m.somoray

3. Historical Events that suppressed Academic Freedom
a.m.somoray

4. Socrates (470-399 BC) was put to death for corrupting the
youth of Athens with his ideas

7. Controversial case of University of the Philippines at Diliman
Sociology Professor Sarah Raymundo who was not granted
tenure due to an appeal by the minority dissenting vote within
the faculty of the Sociology Department

8. Academic Freedom defined....
Freedom to teach or communicate ideas or facts
without being targeted for repression, job loss, or
imprisonment.
Freedom to teach & do research without the constraint to
discover and promulgate new ideas
(Robinson & Moulton, 2002)
•Freedom to teach and do research without the constrai02)
Protection of the rights of the teacher in teaching and
of the student to freedom in learning.
(1940 Statement of Academic Freedom and Tenure)

10. Academic Freedom in the United States

11. • Heavily influenced by German universities and the
growth of non sectarian universities
• In 1915 The American Association of
University Professors
was founded and issued a
Declaration of Principles of
Academic Freedom and
Academic Tenure

12. 1915 Declaration of Principles of Academic Freedom
•Freedom of inquiry and research
•Freedom of teaching within the university or college
•Freedom of extramural of utterance (expression of
judgment and opinions outside the classroom

13. 1915 Declaration of Academic Freedom
1st
Declaration : Basis of Academic
Authority
Except for propriety and religious
institutions, colleges and
universities constitute a public
trust. Trustees have no right to
bind the reason or conscience of
the faculty.

14. 1915 Declaration of Academic Freedom
• 2nd
Declaration : Nature of Academic Calling
The independence of faculty applies not only to
their individual work as researchers and teachers,
but also appears to have implications for the shared
governance of the institution:
“A university is a great and indispensable organ of
higher life of a civilized community, in the work of
which the trustees hold an essential and highly
honorable place, but in which the faculties hold an
independent place, with quite equal responsibilities
and in relation to purely scientific and educational
questions the primary responsibility.”
American Association University Professors

15. 3rd
Declaration: The Function of the Academic Institution
Third, the Declaration considers the functions of an academic
institution, which are
(a) to promote inquiry and advance the sum of knowledge;
(b) to provide instruction to students; and
(c) to develop experts for public service.
Faculty to have complete freedom to pursue their
investigations and discuss and publish
their results and to express themselves fully and
frankly both to their students and to the public.

16. 1940 Academic Freedom & Tenure

17. RIGHTS RESPONSIBILITY
Freedom of speech Responsible not cause anyone
Students have a right to hear and
examine diverse opinions
Academy is guided by the best
knowledge available in the
community of scholars.
Teachers are entitled to full freedom
research and in the publication
Teachers are entitled to freedom in
the classroom in discussing their
subject
Should be based upon an
understanding with the authorities
of the institution.
Cautious not to introduce into their
teaching controversial matter which
has no relation to their subject
Free from institutional censorship or
discipline
Knowledge should always be
accurate

19. ArticleXIV
, "Academic Freedom shall be enjoyed
in all institutions of higher learning.

20. Academic Freedom
for Institution

21. • The curriculum belongs to the university
not the faculty.
• The institution demands certain standards
of teaching and evaluate the faculty
against the standard
• The administration belongs to the
institution, not the faculty
a.m.somoray

22. Academic Freedom
of students
a.m.somoray

23. Protection against
unjust grading or
evaluation.
Protection of
Freedom of
expression
Protection against
improper disclosure
Freedom from
Arbitrary
Discrimination.
Freedom of
Association
Student Participation in
Institutional Government
Freedom of Student
Publication

24. We are free only if we know,
and so on proportion to our knowledge.
There is no freedom thought. That is without
choice, and there is no choicewithout
knowledge
Justice Cardozo

25. “A country that makes no provision for
serious higher learning will suffer from
the degradation of its culture,
confusion of its thinkers and the
ultimate cessation of its scientific
progress”
Anonymous