1. Development and Application of Polymer-
Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology
Customized for Mongolia Road Condition
2nd International Mongolia Road Expo & Conference
March 21-22, 2014., Buyant-Ukhaa Sport‟s Palace

2. 2
Content
Polymer-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt (PWMA)
Pavement Conditions in Mongolia
Field Applications of PWAM Customized for
Mongolian Road Condition
Development of PWAM Customized for
Mongolian Road Condition
Conclusions

3. 3
KICT Activity in Mongolia
KICT is collaborating with MRT, MRA, UB, ESTO to contribute
to improve Mongolian road condition
MOU
Technical
Support Training

4. 4
1st International Mongolia Road Expo & Conference

5. 5
Key Factors of Building Good Asphalt Pavement
If anyone wants to build good pavement, you
should consider the following four key factors.
Material
Selection
Mix Design Production Construction
High quality and
consistent materials
should be selected
based on the
standard
specification.
Bitumen & Aggregate
Paving and
compacting process
should be proceed
with proper
temperature.
Mixing and
producing
temperatures
should be controlled
accurately at
asphalt plant.
Design Aggregate Structure
Design Binder Content
Laboratory mix
design and
performance tests
should be
conducted at well
equipped
laboratory.

6. 6
Causes of Early Failures in Mongolian Road
1. Traffic Loading 2. Environment Loading
3. Inappropriate Materials 4. No Quality Control of
Pavement Construction

7. 7
Ulaanbaatar City Road
7
Stripping
Construction
Joint
Thermal Crack
Surface Layer
Base Layer
Crushed Aggregate
Intermediate Layer
Base Layer
Crushed Aggregate
Surface Layer
18cm
4cm
3cm
5cm
6cm
15cm
30cm
Mongolia
Korea
Too thin asphalt layer leads to create crack
faster and other distress
Bad Smoothness

8. 8
South Gobi Road
Heavy Traffic
No QA/QC
Cold Weather
Early Failure after
1 year Service Life

9. 9
Polymer-Modified Asphalt
9
Polymer-modified asphalt
coats aggregates to
enhance adhesion
Aggregate
Aggregate
Asphalt Polymer
+ +
Aggregate
Polymer-Modified Asphalt Mixture
=
Polymer-Modified Asphalt
Polymer
Asphalt
Polymer-modifiedasphalt is
a compositionof bitumen
and polymer

10. 10
Polymer-Modified Asphalt Covers Wide Range of
Temperature
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-10-20-30-40 70 80
PG 58-28
PG 70-34
Unmodified Bitumen
Polymer-Modified Asphalt
This is the benefit
of the Polymer
Temperature ºC
-50

11. 11
Roles of Polymer-Modified Asphalt Pavement
Plastic Deformation
(Rutting)
Low Temperature
Cracking
Heavy Traffic Condition Cold Weather Condition
PMA Pavement leads to 1) Improve rutting resistance
2) Reduce fatigue cracking
3) Mitigate thermal cracking
4) Resist top-down cracking

12. 12
Considerations of Using Polymer-Modified Asphalt Mixture
Warm-mix asphalt technology
can reduce producing and
compacting temperature of
polymer-modified asphalt
mixture to maintain its
workability and compactability
Polymer-Modified Asphalt
Polymer-Modified Asphalt (PMA) mixture
should be produced at 170˚C to 190˚C
and compacted at 140˚C to 160˚C
because of maintaining mixture’s
workability and compactability.
※ If appropriate temperatures are not
achieved, well coating aggregate and
required field density are not
guaranteed
Polymer-Modified
Asphalt
Unmodified
Asphalt

13. 13
Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology
180°C
160°C
140°C
120°C
100°C
80°C
Production
Temperature
Construction
Temperature
Production
Temperature
Construction
Temperature
180°C
160°C
140°C
120°C
100°C
80°C
Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement

14. 14
Benefits of Warm-Mix Asphalt
By decreased production,
and compaction
temperatures, we have
many benefits
WARM WARM
HOT HOT
Production Process
1. Saving Energy
2. Reducing Emissions
Paving Process
1. Better workability and
compactability
2. Extending Constriction
Period
3. Early Traffic Open

15. 15
Reduction of Traffic Open Time
Temperature vs. Time
WMA Pavement
5 hrs 20 min
HMA Pavement
7 hrs 30 min
Temperature(C)
Time (min)
Temperature Monitoring

16. 16
Extension of Compaction Temperature of Warm-Mix
Asphalt Pavements
200°C 180°C 160°C 140°C 120°C 100°C 80°C 60°C 40°C 20°C
1st 2nd 3rdHot-Mix
Asphalt
Warm-Mix
Asphalt
1st
Compaction
2nd
Compaction
3rd
Compaction
Not
compactable
1st 2nd
3rd Not
compactable
WMA provides longer compaction time
WMA provides longer construction period
Better workability
and
comapctability

17. 17
Extension of Paving Construction Period in Cold Region
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement
Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement
Current Period of Road Construction
in Mongolia (6 months)
Changed Period of Road Construction
in Mongolia (7.5 months)
WMA technology would extend construction period, about 2 months
in Mongolia, WMA mixtures are still workable and compactable at
low temperatures.
Extended period of road construction will encourage to build
more roads in Mongolia
12

18. 18
LEADCAP WMA Technology
LEADCAP Family
LEADCAP-B
(Base)
LEADCAP-M
(Modified)
LEADCAP-A
(Advanced)
 In 2009, the Korea Institute of
Construction Technology (KICT)
and Kumho Petrochemical, Ltd.
developed a new warm-mix
asphalt technology.
 Named “Low Energy and Low
Carbon-Dioxide Asphalt
Pavement (LEADCAP)”
 LEADCAP is an additive of a
wax-based composition including
a crystal controller and an
adhesion promoter.
 Easy to reduce viscosity of
bitumen to be compacted at
warm temperature

19. 19
Why We Should Use Polymer-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt
(PWMA) Pavement in Mongolia
Heavy TrafficLow temperature
Thermal Crack
Construction Defect
Rutting Overall Damage
Traffic LoadingEnvironment Loading Quality Control &
Quality Assurance
Polymer Modified Asphalt (PMA) Warm-Mix Asphalt
SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer)
Rubber : Elastic recovery properties
Wax based composition
Low viscosity
Improve rutting resistanceMitigate thermal cracking Manage temperatures

20. 20
Development of Polymer-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt
(PWMA) Customized for Mongolian Weather and Traffic
Conditions
 Improving
engineering
properties,
particularly, crack
resistance at low
temperature and
rutting resistance at
high temperature
 Improving
workability
 Providing better
compaction on the
road and the ability
to haul paving mix
for longer distance
 Extending the
paving season by
being able to pave at
lower temperature
PMA
WMA
Polymer + LEADCAP
LEADCAP WMA additive
N2 Polymer N4 Polymer

21. 21
Ductility and Viscosity Results
Ductility Viscosity
2.8
1.9
1.7
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Stright Asphalt WMA PMA-N2 WMA PMA-N4
Rotationalviscosity
@135ºC(Pa.s)
Type of Asphalt Binder
 The rotational viscosity of WMA
PMA-N2 and WMA PMA-N4
decreases about 0.9Pa.s to
1.1Pa.s compared to straight
asphalt.
 It is good indicator of
effectiveness of WMA additive to
reduce the viscosity of polymer-
modified asphalt at 135 ºC
7.9
25.2
29.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Stright Asphalt WMA PMA-N2 WMA PMA-N4
Ductility(cm)
Type of Asphalt Binder
 The ductility of WMA PMA-N2 and
WMA PMA-N4 increases about
17.3cm to 21.9 ºC compared to
straight asphalt.
 It indicates that WMA PMA would
be more flexible than straight
asphalt at room temperature.

22. 22
PG & Flexibility at Low Temperature
Performance Grade
PG 58-28
PG 70-34
Unmodified
Bitumen
WARM
PMA
Bitumen
58
28
34
70
LowTemp.HighTemp.
Flexibility
Force(MPa) Deformation (mm)
Cold Bending Test
①
②
① Unmodified
Bitumen
② PWMA
Bitumen

23. 23
Polymer-Modified WMA Pavement Successfully Debut
in Mongolia in 2012

24. 24
Field Application of PWMA Pavement in Mongolia
2012 2013
UKHAA KHUDAG –
GASHUUN SUKHAIT
South
Gobi Road
Ulaanbaatar City
Road
Ulaanbaatar City
Road
Project
Site
Project
Site
Project
Site

25. 25
Mix Design Results and Cross Section
UlaanbaatarSouth Gobi
OAC(%) Air Void(%)
HMA
(Unmodified asphalt)
5.2 4.3
WMA (LEADCAP) 5.2 4.0
PWMA 5.4 3.8
OAC(%) Air Void(%)
HMA
(Unmodified asphalt)
5.2 4.3
PWMA-1 5.2 4.0
PWMA-2 5.4 3.8

26. 26
Field Trials of PWMA Pavement in South Gobi Road in 2012
HMA PWMA-1 PWMA-2
Gmm (g/㎤) 2.505 2.492 2.499
Core Density (g/㎤) 2.267 2.295 2.305
Air Voids (%) 9.5 7.9 7.8
Condition Information
Weather Condition 2012.09 (Fall)
Mix Type 19mm Dense-Graded Asphalt
Additive Type-1 PWMA -1
Additive Type-2 PWMA-2
Mixing Type with
LEADCAP
Plant-mixed
Mixing Temp.
150±5˚C (PWMA-1)
155±5˚C (PWMA-2)
Compaction Temp.
140±5˚C (PWMA-1)
145±5˚C (PWMA-2)

27. 27
Field Trials of PWMA Pavement in Ulaanbaatar City Road
in 2012
Condition Information
Weather Condition 2012.09 (Fall)
Mix Type 13mm Dense-Graded Asphalt
Additive Type-1 WMA(LEADCAP)
Additive Type-2 PWMA(PMA+LEADCAP)
Mixing Type Plant-mixed
Mixing Temperature
140±5˚C (WMA)
150±5˚C (PWMA)
Compaction
Temperature
130±5˚C (WMA)
140±5˚C (PWMA)
HMA WMA WMA PMA
Gmm (g/㎤) 2.388 2.443 2.437
Core Density (g/㎤) 2.344 2.341 2.382
Air Voids (%) 1.8 4.1 2.5

28. 28
Field Trials of PWMA Pavement in Ulaanbaatar City Road
in 2013
Condition Information
Weather Condition 2013.09 (Fall)
Mix Type 13mm Dense-Graded Asphalt
Additive Type-2 PWMA(STE-M3)
Mixing Type Plant-mixed
Mixing Temperature 150±5˚C (PWMA)
Compaction
Temperature
140±5˚C (PWMA)

29. 29
Quality Control with KICT Researchers

30. 30
Training and Technical Know-How Transfer

31. 31
Everyone is Smiling because We Successfully Built New PWMA
Pavement in Mongolia

32. 32
Conclusions
1. Early distresses, such as cracks and rutting, have occurred from
Mongolian pavements due to heavy traffic, severe weather condition
and inappropriate quality control of paving construction.
2. Polymer-modified warm-mix asphalt(PWMA) is selected to enhance
rutting and crack resistances at high and low temperatures.
3. Polymer-modified warm-mix asphalt(PWMA) is selected to reduce
the mixing and compacting temperatures and to provide better
compaction on the road and ability to haul paving mix for longer
distances.
4. The PWMA field trials were successfully completed in South Gobi road
and Ulaanbaatar road.
5. Field experiences confirmed that PWMA is effective to produce and
compact asphalt mixture at temperature of 20°C lower than
conventional PMA mixture.
6. Long-term performance and durability of PWMA pavements should be
monitored and researched further.

33. 33
„NOTHING‟ is not an Option
Polymer-Modified Warm-
Mix Asphalt (PWMA)
Pavement will leads to
improve road condition in
Mongolia
Samsung Smart Phone
Hyundai Automobile

34. Thank You
2nd International Mongolia Road Expo & Conference
March 21-22, 2014., Buyant-Ukhaa Sport‟s Palace
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