2. Very Brief History of Unix...
● GE / Bell Labs / MIT joined together on
Multics project way back in 1965 (MAC -
Multiple Access Computers project)
○ simultaneous computer access to large
community (1st time share)
○ easy data sharing between users
● AT&T/ Bell Labs says enough we are
stopping multics project it failed (1969)
● Multics later finished in 1972
3. Very Brief History of Unix...
● Ken Thompson/Dennis Ritchie work on it
on their own as they needed on OS for a
PDP-7 to play space travel game
● The result was system which a punning
colleague called UNICS (UNiplexed
Information and Computing Service) -- an
'emasculated Multics'; soon changed to
UNIX
4. UNIX Created
● Designed to be small and simple OS
● 1st written on PDP-7 in 1969, then PDP-
11 on 1970
● 1973, Ritchie and Thompson rewrote
kernel in C as 1st portable operating
system (hardware independent)
5. Flavors of *nix
● ATT (BTL) UNIX
● BSD UNIX - ATT gave source code to
universities since not in computer
business, and was picked up by Berkley
forking to BSD 1977
● SUNos from BSD as well as openbsd,
netbsd, next, macos
● Xenix - MS's UNIX, later by SCO
● ATT goes commercial system V - 1979
● Posix standard to get best of BSD and V
● Linux
6. Error Code.. bah hum bug...
ON being told most of the code being written
for multics was for error recovery
Ritchie -- "We left all that stuff out. If
there's an error, we have this routine called
panic, and when it is called, the machine
crashes, and you holler down the hall, "Hey,
reboot it"
7. UNIX Hall of Fame
● Ken Thompson - b, fortran,ed, sort,grep,
uniq, plot,dd,..
● Dennis Ritchie - C, fork-exec,db,ed,
fortran
● Steve Bourne - bourne shell (sh), adb,..
● Bill Joy - BSD UNIX, vi, csh, and founder
of SUN micro, adding TCP/IP to BSD..
● Brian Kernigham - name UNIX, awk, troff,
eqn,..
8. UNIX Hall of Fame
● David Korn - Korn shell,..
● Richard Stallman -- FSF, emacs, GNU,..
● Brian Fox - bash shell while at FSF,
emacs maintainer, GNU tools
● Linus Torvalds -- LINUX using GNU tools
9. UNIX NUT
2 - Tools/APPS -- commands and programs
-- applications, programs
1 - SHell -- interprets commands, executes
programs, and internal commands
-- system calls, libraries
0 - Kernel -- schedules tasks and manages
storage and devices
-- Hardware
10. The Power of UNIX
● Multi-user
● Multi-tasking
● Portable (hardware independent)
● Extensible (easy to add to scripts,
commands, ...)
● Robust (rare crashing, permissions,
simple filesystem used for files,disks,
devices, pipes,...)
● Tools (many from the early days to years
and years of contributed tools) -- modular
11. The Power of UNIX
● disk's, directory -- all the same to a user,
and easy to mount a disk anywhere
● easy to navigate hierarchical file system
and links
● file system i/o, is all the same regardless if
a file, device, network stream, pipe, stdin
(fd = 0) ,stdout (fd = 1) , stderr (fd =2), - ,
/dev/null
○ all progs have access to stdin/stdout/stderr
12. Some special chars
● # -- comment
● ; -- chain commands
● -- extend a line or quote char
● < > -- redirect input , output
● << >> -- redirect append input , output
| -- pipe output
● ` -- run command and place output as ..
● " -- quote input as a unit
● ' -- quote without variable replace
13. Some special chars
● & -- run command in background
● ? , *, [a-z] char matching..
● ~ , users home dir shortcut
● cat file >afile 2>&1 (stderr to stdout)
○ but not cat file 2>&1 >afile
● .....
14. Some Terminal Control Chars
● ^o - flush
● ^s - stop
● ^q - start
● ^z- background (&, fg, bg, and %#)
● ^c - interrupt
● ^u - kill
● ^d - end input
● ^ - terminate with core file
● ......
15. Command line editing
● used emacs bindings on linux unless
exported env for VISUAL or EDITOR
● ^a - front of line, ESC-a (sentence)
● ^e - end of line, ESC-e (sentence)
● ^k - kill line
● ^y - yank kill ring
● ^p - previous line
● ^n - Next line
● <tab> completion for files
