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Understanding the Parts and Common Conditions of the Ear
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Understanding the Parts and Common Conditions of the Ear
1.
Knowing about ..
EARS © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
2.
What are “ears”? •
The ears are the anatomical organ that detects sound. It not only acts as a receiver for sound, but also plays a major role in the sense of balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
3.
So, what are
the parts of the ear ? © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
4.
Parts of Ear The
three major parts of the human ear are the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The working of human ear is in such a way that the sound waves travel from the outer ear to the middle ear, which are then transmitted to the inner ear in the form of compressional waves. In the inner ear, the compressional waves are converted into electric impulses that are perceived by the brain. Charie Camilo. in brief about the different parts of the © 2012 Let's discuss All rights human ear and their role in hearing . reserved.
5.
How does your
ear work ? © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
6.
3 Major Sections
of ear • There are three major sections of an ear: • Outer Ear • Middle Ear • Inner Ear © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
7.
Outer Ear • Sounds
from the outside world are picked up by the outer ear, which is made up of the pinna and the ear canal. As the sound waves enter the ear, the ear canal (1) serves to increase the loudness of those pitches that make it easier to understand speech. At the same time the ear canal protects another important part of the ear: the eardrum (2) - a flexible, circular membrane which vibrates when touched by sound waves. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
8.
Middle Ear • The
sound vibrations continue their journey into the middle ear, which contains three tiny bones called the ossicles(3-5), which are also known as the hammer, anvil and stirrup. These bones form the bridge from the eardrum into the inner ear. They increase and amplify the sound vibrations even more, before safely transmitting them on to the inner ear via the oval window. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
9.
Inner Ear •
The Inner Ear, or cochlea (8), resembles the circular shell of a snail, and houses a system of tubes which are filled with a watery fluid. As the sound waves pass through the oval window (6) the fluid begins to move, setting tiny hair cells in motion. In turn, these hairs transform the vibrations into electrical impulses that travel along the auditory nerve (9) to the brain itself. Exactly how the brain actually translates these nerve impulses remains a mystery. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
10.
© 2012 Charie
Camilo. All Video: rights “How your ear work ?” reserved.
11.
Some common.. EAR CONDITIONS
THAT YOU SHOULD KNOW © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
12.
Ear Wax •
Earwax is a bit of a problem for millions of British people. Everybody produces a bit of wax, but a lot of us have a genetically determined tendency to make lots of it. Result: you can't hear anything! • Fortunately, earwax is easily treated. The excellent drops which you can buy from any chemist (such as Waxsol, Cerumol or Otex) will soften and dissolve it. But if it has got very hard, then the only way to get rid of the wax is to get a doctor or nurse to syringe it for you. • Incidentally, please DON'T try and dig the wax out with hairpins or other objects. Contrary to what many people think, it is not a good idea to stick things into the 'lughole'. That is likely to damage the delicate tissues of the ear. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights BACK reserved.
13.
Earache •
Fortunately, this gets less common as you grow older. It is usually caused by a germ - which gets into the interior of the ear after working its way up the tube which leads up from the throat to the cavity of the middle-ear region. • Initial treatment is with aspirin, Paracetamol or Nurofen, plus warmth to the ear. Many doctors give penicillin or other anti-biotics, but there is controversy about how soon they should be used. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
14.
Outer Ear Inflammation •
Also known as 'otitis externa', this is pretty common in the retirement age group. It causes itching and soreness, and a discharge from the ear. It's commoner in people who have spent time in the tropics,. and it tends to be made worse by swimming - particularly in pools in warm climates, where there may be the odd 'bug' in the water! • Otitis externa needs treatment by a GP or an ENT consultant. Usually the doctor will clean out the ear and prescribe special drops. Sometimes it's necessary to put a 'wick' into the interior of the ear to help it recover. Most important, however itchy the ear, don't poke any hairpins etc into it! © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
15.
Sore Places in
The Ear • Lumps and raw spots on the ear are common, particularly in the over-50s - especially in those who have been exposed to a lot of sun during their lives. If you get any unexplained lump or sore place on your ear and it doesn't clear up within a week, please do have it checked out by your doctor - because (to be frank) there is a risk that it could be a skin tumour. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
16.
Tinnitus • The word
'tinnitus' just means 'noises in the ear'. It's NOT a disease - just a symptom of something wrong. Incidentally, m any people think it's called 'tinnitis' - but it isn't; the spelling is 'tinnitus'. You can see that the important thing with tinnitus is to find out what's causing it. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
17.
Possible causes include: •
An insect in the ear - very RARE in the UK! • Aspirin and similiar drugs • Presbyacusis (see below) - this is the form of deafness often seen in the over-50s; it is often associated with tinnitus • Wax • Fluid in the middle part of the ear • Damage by noise • Damage from diving • Meniere's disease • Labyrinthitis - a common inflammation of the inner part of the ear © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
18.
Vertigo •
The word 'vertigo' means the kind of giddiness in which things actually seem to spin round you. It is often due to problems in the balance mechanisms of the inner part of the ear. Possible causes include labyrinthitis and Meniere's disease. • There is also something called 'Benign Positional Vertigo', which often develops in the second half of life. What happens is that you move your head - and then you suddenly feel awfully giddy. The cause is believed to be tiny 'stones' in the fluid of the inner part of your ear. Fortunately, ENT surgeons have developed a way of curing the condition by carrying out a manipulation called 'Particle Reposition Manoeuvre'. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
19.
Meniere’s Disease •
People with Meniere's disease suffer recurrent attacks of deafness, tinnitus and vertigo. These attacks are very upsetting - but (thank heavens) patients feel OK in the intervals between bouts. The cause of Meniere's seems to be a disturbance in the fluids which circulate in the inner part of the ear. • Initial treatment is with anti-vertigo drugs and (usually) salt restriction. If these measures fail, there are surgical operations which can be tried - but alas the results are variable. • BACK © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
20.
Labyrinthitis •
This is a common condition, in which a person suddenly becomes very giddy, and may feel sick as well. Sometimes they go a bit deaf for a while. This disorder (which is also knows as 'vestibulitis') is thought o be due to a virus. So not surprisingly, there are sometimes little outbreaks, in which several people develop the same symptoms. • Antibiotics will not help, but fortunately labyrinthitis usually gets better of it's own accord, over a few weeks. • BACK © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
21.
Catarrh • Catarrh in
the back of the throat is notorious for causing all sorts of symptoms in the ears; deafness, 'popping', discomfort and sometimes slight giddiness. • The commonest cause is smoking. Catarrh can't be treated with ear drops - because they wouldn't get through the ear drum. So the most common way of treating it is with nose drops. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
22.
Deafness •
Deafness in the second half of life is very common. Frequently, it's due to one of the causes mentioned above - like catarrh or ear wax. Fortunately, these are easily cured. • The effect of this degeneration is that high-pitched sounds are lost, to begin with. One result of this is that you can't hear consonants clearly - just vowels. This is irritating! People who suffer from it are always saying: 'Don't mumble - speak up!' © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
23.
How to …
TAKE CARE OF YOUR EARS © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
24.
• Avoid blows
to the outer ear. If you wrestle, box or participate in a contact sport such as rugby, wear headgear that includes protection for your ears. Repeated blows to the outer ear can result in a condition called cauliflower ear, in which the cartilage of the ear is damaged and the ear becomes deformed. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
25.
• Pierce carefully,
particularly if piercing cartilage. An infected piercing can cause permanent damage to the outer ear, something that will ruin the look of any earring. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
26.
• Clean your
ears with a washcloth-covered finger only. Never put anything inside your ear canal, including cotton swabs. Your ear canal is very narrow, and a swab or finger can damage it; they can also cause ear wax to get pushed against the ear drum, which can cause hearing problems. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
27.
• Leave ear
wax alone. Wax is your ear's way of trapping and eliminating anything foreign that gets into the ear canal. Most people don't need to clean wax out of their ears. If you find you have too much ear wax (it's visible in the ear or it's affecting your hearing), use a few drops of ear wax remover or hydrogen peroxide in the canal. After a few minutes, flush the ear with a rubber bulb and tepid water. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
28.
How to …
PROTECT YOUR EARS © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
29.
• Avoid noisy
places. NASCAR racetracks, firing ranges, rock concerts and construction sites are just a few places that frequently have noise levels that can damage hearing. Any place where you have to shout to be heard should be avoided. If you choose to go anyway, wear earplugs. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
30.
• Turn the
volume down. Be careful not to play personal stereos and televisions too loud, especially if using headphones or earbuds. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
31.
• See your
doctor if you have an earache. Ear infections can damage the ear drum or the bones of the middle ear, causing hearing loss. Your doctor may prescribe medication or order a minor surgical procedure to help you if you suffer from frequent infections. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
32.
• Be careful
with illness and medications. Respiratory illnesses should be treated to avoid their spread to the ears. Certain medications can damage hearing; take only what's prescribed for you and follow the directions carefully. Avoid others who are ill; some illnesses can only be treated with antibiotics that can damage hearing. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
33.
• Stop smoking.
Smokers are more likely to lose their hearing than non-smokers. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
34.
• See your
doctor if you suffer from sudden hearing loss or hear noises in your head (tinnitus). These can be symptoms of a serious illness which needs to be treated. © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
35.
Sources •
http://www.retirement-matters.co.uk/gparchive/ears.htm • http://www.ahschicago.com/how-does-your-ear-work/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear • www.youtube.com • www.google.com/images © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
36.
All about “EARS” •
Almodiel, Gilesa A. • Camilo, Charmaine S. • Dequilla, Yvonne Precious E. ACS-2A © 2012 Charie Camilo. All rights reserved.
37.
END © 2012 Charie
Camilo. All rights reserved.