when it comes to space communication
networks, there are many different kinds of space vehicles
that need to communicate with each other, in space as well
as with ground terminals and air borne platform. Example:
Geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), Low Earth Orbit
(LEO) satellites and UAVs. There is an ever growing
demand for higher data rates and minimal redundancy, with
satellites and various space platforms travelling at high
speeds relative to each other and relative to the ground
establishing such links can prove to be a real challenge
when Doppler Effect and line of sight (LOS) can play a
significant role in SONET timing and synchronization. As
the number of users grows the space communication links
need to address several types of coding and modulation.
This paper analyzes the use of cooperative communication
techniques for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
communication links. To this end we start with a simplified
single relay model and proceed to analyze the multi-node
scenarios. We will then apply the amplify-and-forward,
decode-and-forward and coded cooperation protocols to the
best case scenario to compute the efficiency and
synchronization of the link. The single relay and multi-node
scenarios are evaluated on the basis of the signal to noise
(SNR) power received and inter channel interference (ICI).
The intention is to demonstrate the theoretical performance
by simulating outage probability versus spectral efficiency
for different relaying protocols. Subsequently we will show
the effect of cooperative communication on bandwidth
utilization for mobile satellites and space platforms.
Reduction of Frequency offset Using Joint Clock for OFDM Based Cellular Syste...
Cooperative Communication for a Multiple-Satellite Network
1. Cooperative Communication for a
Multiple-Satellite Network
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010
Big Sky, Montana
Chirag Warty
IEEE Associate Member
2. Presentation Overview
Introduction
Cooperative Communication
Single Relay Model
o Amplify and Forward (AF)
o Decode and Forward (DF)
o Coded Cooperation (CC)
Factors Affecting Relay Location
Node to Multi-Node Cooperation
Traditional Satellite link Versus Cooperative Link
Conclusion
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 2
3. Introduction
Space vehicles need to communicate with one another, as
well as with ground terminals and airborne platforms
There is an ever growing demand for higher data rates and
minimal redundancy
Satellites and various space platforms travel at high speeds
relative to each other and relative to the ground
Establishing links can prove to be a real challenge when
Doppler Effect and line of sight (LOS) play a significant role
in SONET timing and synchronization
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 3
4. Introduction
Challenges faced traditionally in Space communication
o Doppler Effect Resulting from high speeds
o Distortion and scattering due to atmosphere
o SONET timing and synchronization for ground terminals
Cooperative Communication
o Distributed communication using relays
o Possible to avoid Space – Ground – Space relaying
o Optimum resource Allocation can be achieved
Paper analyzes techniques for point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint communication links
Paper starts with a simplified single relay model and then
analyzes multinode scenarios for efficiency and
synchronization of the link
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 4
5. Cooperative Communication
In cooperative network architecture, independent paths are
created between the source and the destination through a
relay channel
This relay channel is multihop transmission which acts as an
auxiliary channel between source and destination
A critical aspect is the type of processing the relay undertakes
before retransmitting the received signal from the source
Transmitting independent copies of the signal over different
paths creates diversity, and effectively combats signal
deterioration
The use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
allows us to create parallel channels in frequency resulting in
multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system design
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 5
6. Single Relay Model
• The single relay model entails two-user cooperation, with User 1 as the source
and User 2 as the relay
• The model can be divided into two phases
– Phase 1 : Source broadcasts the information to the destination and to the relay;
– Phase 2 : Relay retransmits the message received from the source to the destination.
Relay
• Phase 1 : Source to Relay and Destination
SNR3
SNR2
• Phase 2 : Relay to Destination
Destination
Source
SNR1
• Parameters
– (ys,r) (ys,d) received signal at relay and destination Independent path
– and are function of Doppler shift from source - destination and source - relay
– n – noise and J is the channel coefficient
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 6
7. Amplify and Forward (AF)
The received signal from the source is amplified and the relay forwards the signal
to the destination
Each relay in this method receives a noisy version of the signal transmitted by the
source
The relay then amplifies and retransmits this
noisy version to the destination (satellite, airborne
platform, or ground station) combines the Relay
information sent by the relay and the source, and
estimates the transmitted signal Destination
Amplify and Forward
Independent faded versions of the signal
can be used for correlation, to accurately Source
detect and estimate the message signal.
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 7
8. AF Simulation
Relay scales the received signal by a factor that is inversely proportional to the
received power
Received signal at destination from relay
• Signal after correlation of the received copies
• SNR received at the destination
is the sum of the SNRsource and SNRrelay
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 8
9. Decode and Forward (DF)
Relay node decodes the received signal, re-encode it and then retransmit it to the
destination
The decoded signal at the relay may be incorrect because of approximation errors
in the received signal
The diversity of the system is one because the performance of the system is limited
by the weakest link from source to relay and source to destination
DF relaying has advantages over AF
Relay
relaying by reducing the effects of
additive noise at the relay, But it there is a
possibility of forwarding erroneously Destination
detected signals to the destination, Decode and Forward
causing error propagation that can
diminish the performance of the system Source
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 9
10. Decode and Forward (DF)
Simulation
• The mutual information for decode and
forward transmission in terms of channel
fades
• Averaging SNR over the channel
conditions, the outage probability for
decode and forward relaying
• The simulation traces the theoretic
calculations closely, with a drop of 3dB
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 10
11. Coded Cooperation (CC)
CC differs from AF and DF protocols, since it is implemented in the network layer of
the protocol stack at the relay, and makes use of channel coding schemes
The relay provides the destination with incremental redundancy which is used by
the destination for additional error checking
Incremental redundancy allows for correlation using code words sent by the
source for de-encryption
Re-encoded parity
The success of the Coded Cooperation protocol
depends on three fundamentals:
Relay
The relay node is successful in decoding
the message signal without errors Destination
The message frame needs to be decoded Coded Cooperation
and re-encoded at the relay, causing a time
delay similar to AF and DF schemes Source
The relay stays in line of sight of the
destination for the duration of transmission
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 11
12. Coded Cooperation Model
Source broadcasts a message, the relay
receives the signal and processes it through a
decoder block containing a FEC decoder and
a CRC decoder
If the CRC block does not detect errors the
resulting signal is again fed to the encoder
block adding redundancy to the message
frame
The extra parity check helps the destination
to check for errors and combine symbols
accurately
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 12
13. Factors Affecting Relay Location
• Relay selection, a key factor - capacity and
diversity of the network
GEO
• Continuous motion with respect to each
other and the ground stations. This makes it
difficult for a distributed network to retain MEO
fixed path to the destination
LEO
• On board power supply limit the
transmission power
• Relay selection strategy is based on distance
estimation and channel strength
• Line of Sight (LOS)
Ground Station Ground Station Ground Station
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 13
14. Node to Multi-Node
• N relays in proximity to the source
• Due to broadcast nature of the transmitter
channel, information can be overheard by
multiple nodes
• Because the mobile platforms and stationary
nodes in space networks are spatially
separated, each relay employs a cooperation
strategy in which it can measure the received
SNR
• The destination coherently combines the
signals received from the source and all the
previous relays
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 14
15. Link Comparison
Traditional Link Cooperative Link
• Vertical Communication • Vertical and Horizontal
Communication
• Master – Repeater architecture :
Highly dependent on ground • Distributed architecture in space –
control can compensate for loss of ground
control
• Saturation of employed
resources (frequency bands) • Optimum Resource Allocation
• Mainly affected by line of sight • Improvement in satellite cluster
from the ground terminal capacity and latency
• Acquisition and tracking • Inter orbital communication (LEO-
capabilities required for ground MEO , MEO-GEO)
terminal
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 15
16. Conclusion
• Cooperative communication can greatly improve a satellite network’s
capacity and latency
• Distributed architecture helps in developing clustered communication
• Cooperation among neighboring nodes allows conservation of
resources and power.
• Cooperative networks can employ high data rates in space
IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 16
Notas del editor
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).
Transparent light effect(Basic)To reproduce one of the shapes on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the shape to a circle, and then drag to draw a circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (thirdoption from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 10 Point. To reproduce the other shapeson this slide, do the following:Select the circle on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process to create a total of 10 circles. On the slide, drag the circles to position them at random intervals. For each circle, press and hold SHIFT and then drag the adjustment handles to resize as needed.To reproduce the different color and transparency effects in each of the shapes, do the following:Select the shape. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then select Gradient fill in the Fill pane. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list, and then do the following:For the first and third (small circle below larger circle) circles from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 90%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the second circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the fourth circle from the left (large circle above third circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60% (third row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the fifth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 88%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 71%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the sixth circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 84%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the seventh circle from the left:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the eighth circle from the left, do not change the Gradient stops settings in the Format Shape dialog box. For the ninth circle from the left (small brown circle below larger blue circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 227, Green: 209, Blue: 143.In the Transparency box, enter 70%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 223, Green: 205, Blue: 75.In the Transparency box, enter 85%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 214, Green: 195, Blue: 84.In the Transparency box, enter 100%.For the tenth circle from the left (large blue circle above ninth circle):Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 60%(third row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 80%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40%(fourth row, fourth option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 74%.Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Dark Blue, Text 2, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fourth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100%.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 65, Green: 68, Blue: 97.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1(first row, second option from the left).