1. Lesson 5: Data Collection
Friday, 6 April 2012

2. Lesson 4: Reconstructing Memories
EXAM QUESTION
Taken from 2011 Mid Year Exam
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3. Model response:
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4. Lesson 5: Data Collection
Objectives
~ Define descriptive statistics
~ Define qualitative research
~ Define quantitative research
~ Distinguish between subject and objective data
~ Outline scales of measurement
~ Describe the techniques of qualitative and quantitative
data collection: case studies; observational studies; self-
reports; questionnaires; interviews; brain imaging and
recording technologies
~ Describe the different types of test reliability and validity
Friday, 6 April 2012

5. Types of Data Scales of Measurement
Qualitative
Quantitative Nominal
Subjective Ordinal
Objective Interval
Ratio
Data Collection
Techniques
Case Studies
Quality
Interview Validity
Questionnaires
Psychological Tests
Technology Reliability Internal External
Cross-Sectional Internal
Longitudinal
Content
Inter-rater Parallel forms
Criterion-related
Test-retest
Construct
Generalisation
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6. Types of Data
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7. Qualitative: descriptions of characteristics
Quantitative: refers to measurements
Subjective: based on opinions
Objective: based on identifiable external criterion
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9. What type of data was collected??
Qualitative or Quantitative?
Objective or Subjective?
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10. Scales of Measurement
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11. Nominal: property with no quantitative value, e.g. hair
colour
Ordinal: definite sequence though inconsistent gaps,
e.g. age of class
Interval: scaled measure with constant values between
each level *note no value of zero*
Ratio: most precise, basically an interval scale but with
zero meaning zero!
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12. What scale are each of the following measured?
Psych Study Score?
temperature?
eye colour?
height of people
in room?
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13. Techniques
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14. Case Studies: detailed observations of an individual over a period of time
Observation: Naturalistic - observing voluntary behaviours in natural
environment
Controlled - observing voluntary behaviours in structured
environment
Questionnaires: collecting written responses from participants
Psychological Tests: personality or multiple choice
Technology: Brain-imaging
Cross-Sectional: participant data across different ages and groups compared
Longitudinal: same participant over a long period of time
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15. Provide an example of each
Ask around room
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16. Quality
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17. Reliability Validity
Internal - extent to which Internal - measures what it
each aspect equally claims to measure
contribute to final score - content (face): appears to
be valid
Inter-rater - same result - construct: applied to
obtained regardless of theory
administrator
Test-retest - same External - can results be
participant, same results generalised?
second time -criterion related: support from
other research
Parallel form - pre - characteristics of experiment
and post test enable generalisation
Friday, 6 April 2012