2. Why is the Periodic Table
important to me?
• The periodic table
is the most useful
tool to a chemist.
• You get to use it on
every test.
• It organizes lots of
information about
all the known
elements.
3. Pre-Periodic Table
Chemistry…
• …was a mess!!!
• No organization of
elements.
• Imagine going to a
grocery store with no
organization!!
• Difficult to find
information.
• Chemistry didn’t
make sense.
4. Dmitri Mendeleev
(1834-1907)
• Russian Chemist
• Published the first
version of the period
table in 1869
• Arranged elements
according to increasing
atomic mass
• His periodic table had
gaps
5. Henry Moseley (1887-1915)
• Made improvements to
Mendeleev’s Periodic
Table
• Arranged elements by
atomic number instead
of mass
• Realized that there
were undiscovered
elements
7. Time for Vocabulary
• Period: A row of elements on
a periodic table. Remember
rows fly across.
•Group: a column of elements on a
periodic table that share similar
characteristic. Remember groups
fall down.
8. More Vocabulary
• Metal: an element that has luster and is a good
conductor of heat and electricity.
• Nonmetal: elements that are usually gases or
brittle solids at room temperature and are poor
conductors of heat and electricity.
• Metalloid: an element that shares some properties
with metals and some with nonmetals.
9. Representative Elements
• Groups 1-2 & 13-18
• Alkali Metals
• Alkaline Earth Metals
• The Boron Family
• The Carbon Group
• The Nitrogen Group
• The Oxygen Group
• The Halogens
• The Noble Gases
10.
11. Hydrogen
• Hydrogen belongs to a
family of its own.
• Hydrogen is a diatomic,
reactive gas.
• Hydrogen was involved
in the explosion of the
Hindenberg.
• Hydrogen is promising
as an alternative fuel
source for automobiles
13. The Alkaline Earth Metals
• The Group 2 Elements
-Beryllium -Magnesium
-Calcium -Strontium
-Barium -Radium
• Denser than Alkali
Metals
• Higher melting points
than Alkali Metals
14. The Boron Family
• Group 13 Elements
-Boron -Aluminum
-Gallium -Indium
-Thallium
• All are metals except
Boron
• Aluminum is the most
common metal in the
Earth’s crust.
15. The Carbon Group
• Group 14 Elements
-Carbon -Silicon
-Germanium -Tin
-Lead
• Silicon is used to make
semiconductors for computers
and other electronics .
• Diamond and Graphite are two
forms of carbon.
16. The Nitrogen Group
• Group 15 Elements
-Nitrogen -Phosphorus
-Arsenic -Antimony
-Bismuth
• Almost 80% of the air we
breathe is nitrogen.
• Phosphorus is an essential
ingredient in healthy teeth
and bones.
17. The Oxygen Group
• Group 16 Elements
-Oxygen -Sulfur
-Selenium -Tellurium
-Polonium
• About 20% of the Earth’s
atmosphere is oxygen.
• Sulfuric acid is one the
most used chemicals in
the world
18. The Halogens
• Group 17 Elements
-Fluorine -Chlorine
-Bromine -Iodine
-Astatine
• The Halogens form salts
with the alkali metals.
• Fluorine is an active
ingredient in toothpaste.
19. The Noble Gases
• Group 18 Elements
-Helium -Neon
-Argon -Krypton
-Xenon -Radon
• Helium is used to fill
balloons.
• Neon signs contain
noble gases.
20. Transition Elements
• Groups 3-12
• All transition
elements are metals.
• Group 11 (The Coinage
Metals)
• The Lanthanides
• The Actinides
21. The Coinage Metals
• Group 11 Elements
-Copper -Gold
-Silver
• These elements were
often used by ancient
civilizations to make
coins.
22. The Lanthanides and The
Actinides
• The Lanthanides
• Soft metals that can
be cut with a knife.
• Were once called rare
earth metals.
• Glass used in computer
and TV screens contain
Yttirum and Europium.
• The Actinides
• All actinides are
radioactive.
• Thorium, Proactinium
and Uranium are the
only actinides found
naturally on earth.
• Plutonium is used to
fuel nuclear power
plants.
23. Let’s See What We Remember
• What are rows on a
periodic table called?
• What are columns on a
periodic table called?
• Name the two divisions
of the periodic table?
• What can we learn from
an element key?
• How can scientist use
the periodic table?
