2. Overview - The Tsars

3. Overview - The Tsars

4. Overview - The Tsars
Unit 5 Lesson 2

6. Why do we have to learn about a bunch of
Russian Rulers who died long before the
20th Century in a class called 20th
Century History?

8. I’m glad you asked...

9. I’m glad you asked...
The objective is for YOU to be able to
discern patterns in Russian history that
continue into the 20th Century!

10. I’m glad you asked...
The objective is for YOU to be able to
discern patterns in Russian history that
continue into the 20th Century!
e.g. The relationship b/w the rulers and
the peasants.

12. The Tsars (supreme rulers in Russia)
were powerful, autocratic rulers

13. The Tsars (supreme rulers in Russia)
were powerful, autocratic rulers
Autocracy - Gov’t by one person w/
supreme, unlimited power.

15. Ivan IV
‘the Terrible’
1547-1584

16. Ivan IV
‘the Terrible’
1547-1584

17. Ivan the Terrible

18. Ivan the Terrible
First Russian ruler to call himself a Tsar

19. Ivan the Terrible
First Russian ruler to call himself a Tsar
Made the Tsar’s position stronger than
ever before

20. Ivan the Terrible
First Russian ruler to call himself a Tsar
Made the Tsar’s position stronger than
ever before
Ranked nobles below himself

21. Ivan the Terrible
First Russian ruler to call himself a Tsar
Made the Tsar’s position stronger than
ever before
Ranked nobles below himself
Exiled and purged nobles who failed to
give him abject obedience

24. Why was he so ‘terrible’?

26. Mikhail I
Fyodorovich
Romanov

27. Mikhail I
Fyodorovich
Romanov

28. Mikhail I
Fyodorovich
Romanov
The Dynasty begins...

29. Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov

30. Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov
1613 - 1645

31. Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov
1613 - 1645
Elected to the throne by the Muscovites

32. Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov
1613 - 1645
Elected to the throne by the Muscovites
First of a dynasty that would last until 1917

33. Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov
1613 - 1645
Elected to the throne by the Muscovites
First of a dynasty that would last until 1917
Peasants became serfs - attached to the
land, heavily taxed & forbidden to move

34. Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov
1613 - 1645
Elected to the throne by the Muscovites
First of a dynasty that would last until 1917
Peasants became serfs - attached to the
land, heavily taxed & forbidden to move
Peasant revolts common

36. Peter
the
Great

37. Peter
the
Great

38. Peter the Great

39. Peter the Great
1682 - 1725

40. Peter the Great
1682 - 1725
Brought Russia into the European
sphere

41. Peter the Great
1682 - 1725
Brought Russia into the European
sphere
Dawn of the Russian Empire

42. Peter the Great
1682 - 1725
Brought Russia into the European
sphere
Dawn of the Russian Empire
Autocratic state

43. Peter the Great
1682 - 1725
Brought Russia into the European
sphere
Dawn of the Russian Empire
Autocratic state
Creation of a ‘senate’ solely for tax
collection

45. Incorporated the Church (Russian
Orthodox) into gov’t as a tool of state

46. Incorporated the Church (Russian
Orthodox) into gov’t as a tool of state
Church led by a gov’t appointed official.

48. Catherine
the Great

49. Catherine
the Great

50. Catherine the Great

51. Catherine the Great
1762-1773

52. Catherine the Great
1762-1773
Had her husband (Peter III) murdered

53. Catherine the Great
1762-1773
Had her husband (Peter III) murdered
Legalized the selling of serfs apart from
the land.

54. Catherine the Great
1762-1773
Had her husband (Peter III) murdered
Legalized the selling of serfs apart from
the land.
Major peasant uprising in 1773 -
ruthlessly suppressed

55. Catherine the Great
1762-1773
Had her husband (Peter III) murdered
Legalized the selling of serfs apart from
the land.
Major peasant uprising in 1773 -
ruthlessly suppressed
Under her rule, Russia became a major
European power

57. Alexander I

58. Alexander I

59. Alexander I

60. Alexander I
1801-1825

61. Alexander I
1801-1825
Reformist - planned a constitution in
secret.

62. Alexander I
1801-1825
Reformist - planned a constitution in
secret.
Considered ending serfdom

64. Nicholas I

65. Nicholas I

66. Nicholas I

67. Nicholas I
1825-1855

68. Nicholas I
1825-1855
Reactionary - crushed a revolt that sought to
create a constitutional monarchy

69. Nicholas I
1825-1855
Reactionary - crushed a revolt that sought to
create a constitutional monarchy
‘Autocracy, Orthodoxy & Nationality’

70. Nicholas I
1825-1855
Reactionary - crushed a revolt that sought to
create a constitutional monarchy
‘Autocracy, Orthodoxy & Nationality’
loyalty unlimited power to Tsar, traditions of
the Russian Orthodox Church and Russian
nationalism

71. Nicholas I
1825-1855
Reactionary - crushed a revolt that sought to
create a constitutional monarchy
‘Autocracy, Orthodoxy & Nationality’
loyalty unlimited power to Tsar, traditions of
the Russian Orthodox Church and Russian
nationalism
Suppression of non-Russian people and
religions

73. Alexander II

74. Alexander II

75. Alexander II

76. Alexander II
Widespread desire for reform in the
empire during Alexander II’s reign.

77. Alexander II
Widespread desire for reform in the
empire during Alexander II’s reign.
A humanitarian movement attacked
serfdom.

78. Alexander II
Widespread desire for reform in the
empire during Alexander II’s reign.
A humanitarian movement attacked
serfdom.
In 1859, one-third of the Russian
population was serfs.

79. Alexander II

80. Alexander II
1855-1881

81. Alexander II
1855-1881
Alexander abolished serfdom in 1861
rather than wait for a revolution from the
people.

82. Alexander II
1855-1881
Alexander abolished serfdom in 1861
rather than wait for a revolution from the
people.
Practical, aware of the feelings of the
times - able to bring about reform.

83. Alexander II
1855-1881
Alexander abolished serfdom in 1861
rather than wait for a revolution from the
people.
Practical, aware of the feelings of the
times - able to bring about reform.
Followed a liberal course of action, but
was assassinated by left-wing
revolutionaries anyway... :(

85. Alexander III

86. Alexander III

87. Alexander III

88. Alexander III
1881-1894

89. Alexander III
1881-1894
Son of Alex II.

90. Alexander III
1881-1894
Son of Alex II.
Very reactionary.

91. Alexander III
1881-1894
Son of Alex II.
Very reactionary.
Wanted a return to autocracy.

92. Alexander III
1881-1894
Son of Alex II.
Very reactionary.
Wanted a return to autocracy.
Felt Russia could only be saved from
chaos if it shut itself off from subversive
influences of W. Europe.

94. Alexander III

95. Alexander III
His tutor and advisor taught him, and his
son Nicholas, to “fear freedom of speech
and press and to hate democracy,
constitutions, and the parliamentary
system.”
Revolutionaries hunted down
Russification was carried out in the
empire.

97. Nicholas II

98. Nicholas II

99. info on Nicholas II can be found in the
textbook.

100. SOURCES
All pictures are public domain taken from
Wikimedia Commons.