Rational Evaluation and Applicability Ascertainment of Budd's Model of Employment Governance as Appropriate Tool for Effective Partnership Assessment.

1. Ratiocinative Analysis of Budd's Model
for Effective Partnership
(efficiency, equity & voice)
Dr. Elijah Ezendu
FIMC, FCCM, FIIAN, FBDI, FAAFM, FSSM, MIMIS, MIAP, MITD, ACIArb, ACIPM,
PhD, DocM, MBA, CWM, CBDA, CMA, MPM, PME, CSOL, CCIP, CMC, CMgr

2. “Partnering can range from just sharing
information between two parties to full
decision-making on the strategic business issues
of a company. The problem begin when the
concept of partnership is thrown out on the
table with little regard for intent and clarity”.
- Scott Gorgon, Effects of Comparative Labour Management Relationships

3. “The economic aspect of employment emphasizes
competitiveness, productivity, and profitability (in
other words, efficiency). But work is more than an
economic transaction- it is a fully human activity
with material and psychological rewards
undertaken by human beings in a democratic
society. As such, employees want and are entitled
to fair treatment (equity) and opportunities to have
input into decisions that affect them (voice).”
- John Budd, Employment with a Human Face: Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Voice

4. The Budd’s Model

5. Voice
• A Constituent of Basic Human Right
• Unfettered Participation
• A Leverage for Effective Community Evolution
• A Symbol of Involvement in Decision-Making

6. Collective Voice
Budd’s Two Dimensions of Voice
Individual Voice
Individual Voice
Individual Voice Individual Voice
Individual Voice Individual Voice

7. Unanimity in Group of Individual Voices
CV
IV
IV IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IVIV
IV
IV

8. Small Dissent in Group of Individual Voices
SCV
IV
IV IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV

9. Large Dissent in Group of Individual Voices
SCV
IV
IV IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV

10. Multifocal Dissent in Group of
Individual Voices
SCV
IV
IV IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV

11. Self Determination Versus Industrial Democracy
SCV
IV
IV IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IVIV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
Great Contribution Great Contribution
IV
Great Contribution
Great Contribution

12. Exercise
Review the merits and demerits of industrial
democracy without self determination

13. Equity
This focuses on justice and the fairness of
outcomes generated by action, processes, policy
and procedures.

14. The Place of Voice & Equity in a Process
Voice
Equity
Equity
Equity
Equity
Equity

15. Indicators of Equity Assurance
in a Process
• Dispassionate Focus
• Neutrality
• Equal Accessibility
• Absence of Favoritism
• Absence of Prejudice
• Reasonable Decision
• Effective Remedies
• Consistency
• Transparency
• Accountability

16. Indicators of Equity Assurance
in Individual Transactions
• Recognition of Rights
• Appropriate Representation
• Opportunity to Appeal
• Involvement
• Sensitivity
• Impartiality
• Respect
• Privacy

17. Efficiency
Efficiency is the standard of performance that
depends on appropriate management of
resources in the course of process execution.

18. Efficiency Rating
Efficiency
Used Resources

19. Applicability of Budd’s Model for Evaluation
• Bargaining System
• Unionism
• Staff Recognition System
• Codes of Conduct
• Social Partnership
• Labour Market Competitiveness
• Employee-Employer Negotiation
• Staff Control
• Employee Empowerment
• Human Resource Development
• Government Regulation

20. Process Polarization
A balanced process should satisfy requirements
of the three metrics of employment governance.
In reality, some processes satisfy voice and
efficiency but fail in equity assessment, while
some satisfy efficiency but fail in assessment of
equity and voice.

21. The Geometry of Dispute Resolution
Source: John Budd and Alexander Colvin, Improved Metrics for Workplace Dispute Resolution Procedures
Voice
Efficiency Equity
UGM
ELM
UEA UGA
NPR ELL
NOM
ELANMA
NOD
NUD
KEY
UGA Unionized Grievance Arbitration
UEA Unionized Expedited Arbitration
UGM Unionized Grievance Mediation
NUD Nonunion Unilateral Decision-Making
NMA Nonunion Management Appeal Procedures
NOD Nonunion Open Door Policies
NPR Nonunion Peer Review
NOM Nonunion Ombudsperson
ELL Employment Law Litigation
ELA Employment Law Arbitration
ELM Employment Law Mediation

22. The Geometry of Dispute Resolution
Voice
Efficiency Equity
UGM
ELM
UEA UGA
KEY
UGA Unionized Grievance Arbitration
UEA Unionized Expedited Arbitration
UGM Unionized Grievance Mediation
ELM Employment Law Mediation
Centroid Resolution Systems

23. The Geometry of Dispute Resolution
Voice
Efficiency Equity
NUD
KEY
NUD Nonunion Unilateral Decision-Making
Greatest Efficiency, Poorest Equity
& Most Suppressed Voice

24. The Geometry of Dispute Resolution
Voice
Efficiency Equity
ELL
KEY
ELL Employment Law Litigation
Greatest Equity, Nearly Medial Voice
& Poorest Efficiency

25. Exercise
Using the Geometry of Dispute Resolution based
on voice, equity and efficiency as a scorecard,
determine the governance position of dispute
resolution in your organization.

26. Dr Elijah Ezendu is Award-Winning Business Expert & Certified Management Consultant with expertise
in Interim Management, Strategy, Competitive Intelligence, Transformation, Restructuring, Turnaround
Management, Business Development, Marketing, Project & Cost Management, Leadership, HR, CSR, e-
Business & Software Architecture. He had functioned as Founder, Initiative for Sustainable Business
Equity; Chairman of Board, Charisma Broadcast Film Academy; Group Chief Operating Officer, Idova
Group; CEO, Rubiini (UAE); Special Advisor, RTEAN; Director, MMNA Investments; Chair, Int’l Board of
GCC Business Council (UAE); Senior Partner, Shevach Consulting; Chairman (Certification & Training),
Coordinator (Board of Fellows), Lead Assessor & Governing Council Member, Institute of Management
Consultants, Nigeria; Lead Resource, Centre for Competitive Intelligence Development; Lead
Consultant/ Partner, JK Michaels; Turnaround Project Director, Consolidated Business Holdings Limited;
Technical Director, Gestalt; Chief Operating Officer, Rohan Group; Executive Director (Various Roles),
Fortuna, Gambia & Malta; Chief Advisor/ Partner, D & E; Vice Chairman of Board, Refined Shipping;
Director of Programmes & Governing Council Member, Institute of Business Development, Nigeria;
Member of TDD Committee, International Association of Software Architects, USA; Member of Strategic
Planning and Implementation Committee, Chartered Institute of Personnel Management of Nigeria;
Country Manager (Nigeria) & Adjunct Faculty (MBA Programme), Regent Business School, South Africa;
Adjunct Faculty (MBA Programme), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology; Editor-in-Chief, Cost
Management Journal; Council Member, Institute of Internal Auditors of Nigeria; Member, Board of
Directors (Several Organizations). He holds Doctoral Degree in Management, Master of Business
Administration and Fellow of Professional Institutes in North America, UK & Nigeria. He is Innovator of
Corporate Investment Structure Based on Financials and Intangibles, for valuation highlighting
intangible contributions of host communities and ecological environment: A model celebrated globally
as remedy for unmitigated depreciation of ecological capital and developmental deprivation of host
communities. He had served as Examiner to Professional Institutes and Universities. He had been a
member of Guild of Soundtrack Producers of Nigeria. He's an author and extensively featured speaker.

27. Thank You