Next! is an Android application born to support tourist activities providing historical informations, videos, images. Moreover, Next! “automatically” know what is the nearest place closest to user interests, through the use of social network.

1. Next!
Dario Di Nucci, Fabio Palomba, Michele Tufano
University of Salerno
Your next favourite site
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2. What is Next!?
The scenario based design
Design and development
Usability Testing
Designing Next!
Introducing next!
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3. INTRODUCING NEXT!
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4. Challenges of Next!
Better understanding of the cultural values​​, evaluation,
interpretation, ethics and identity inherent the tangible
cultural heritage, intangible and digital.
Challenge
Solution
Tourist can "enter" in the cultural site and can acquire
more sense of belonging and integration with the
place where he stays. This will facilitate national
belonging and foreigners integration.
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5. What is Next!?
An Android app to support
tourists activities
Next! guess your next
favourite place or look for
places next to your position
An Android app to increase
cultural baggage
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6. What is Next!?
Next! includes multimedia
information like images and
videos fromYoutube and
other Google apps
Next! includes
historical
informations from
Wikipedia
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7. Suggests in Next!
Next! “automatically” know what is the
nearest place closest to user interests
Using Search Graph, Next! traces all
sites visited by users
In this way, is easy to suggest the right
next sites for an user
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8. Next! Navigator
A webGIS provides data to
Next!, allowing the path
building...
In the future, users can
retrieve also parking, foods,
leisure near a place
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9. DESIGNING NEXT!
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10. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
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11. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Actually, the only
way to search
points of interest is
to find it on a map...
State of art
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12. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
There are a lot of apps, but
none of these includes a
complete platform for
touristic info
State of art
None of these uses the historical graph!
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13. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
1) Tanyel receives information on the place visited
Problem Scenarios
in Next!
2) Nika searches new places to visit
3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site
3 problem scenarios, one for all main
functionalities of Next!
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14. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
1) An user can receive information on the place visited
2) An user can search new places to visit
3) An user can search the path for the next site
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15. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
1) Tanyel receives informations
on the place visited
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16. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
1) Tanyel receives informations
on the place visited
time-saving
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17. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
1) Tanyel receives informations
on the place visited
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18. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
1) Tanyel receives informations
on the place visited
Money-saving
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19. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
1) Tanyel receives informations
on the place visited
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20. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
1) Tanyel receives informations
on the place visited
Smartphone needed
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21. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
2) Nika searches new places to visit
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22. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
2) Nika searches new places to visit
Suggests
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23. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
2) Nika searches new places to visit
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24. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
2) Nika searches new places to visit
Time-saving
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25. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
2) Nika searches new places to visit
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26. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
3) Alexandre searches the path
for the next site
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27. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
3) Alexandre searches the path
for the next site
Time-saving
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28. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
3) Alexandre searches the path
for the next site
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29. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
New Ideas of Next!
3) Alexandre searches the path
for the next site
GPS needed
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30. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
PERCEPTION
INTERPRETATION
MAKING SENSE
Simple design & simple
graphic elements for
immediate perception
and interpretation
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31. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
PERCEPTION
INTERPRETATION
MAKING SENSE
Conceptual division of tasks
Proximity Gestalt Principle
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32. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
PERCEPTION
INTERPRETATION
MAKING SENSE
Similarity Gestalt Principle
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33. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
PERCEPTION
INTERPRETATION
MAKING SENSE
Use of “standard” icons
Consistency
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34. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
SYSTEM GOAL
ACTION PLAN
EXECUTION
Virtuality Principle
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35. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
SYSTEM GOAL
ACTION PLAN
EXECUTION
Icons suggest goals
to the user
VisualThinking
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36. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Informative
feedback
Shortcut
Reduce the load
of short-term
memory
Error
Management
Coherence
CTRL-Z
Dialogs at closing
Intern control
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37. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Informative
feedback
Shortcut
Reduce the load
of short-term
memory
Error
Management
Coherence
CTRL-Z
Dialogs at closing
Intern control
sabato 28 settembre 13

38. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Informative
feedback
Shortcut
Reduce the load
of short-term
memory
Error
Management
Coherence
CTRL-Z
Dialogs at closing
Intern control
sabato 28 settembre 13

39. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Informative
feedback
Shortcut
Reduce the load
of short-term
memory
Error
Management
Coherence
CTRL-Z
Dialogs at closing
Intern control
sabato 28 settembre 13

40. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Informative
feedback
Shortcut
Reduce the load
of short-term
memory
Error
Management
Coherence
CTRL-Z
Dialogs at closing
Intern control
sabato 28 settembre 13

41. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Informative
feedback
Shortcut
Reduce the load
of short-term
memory
Error
Management
Coherence
CTRL-Z
Dialogs at closing
Intern control
sabato 28 settembre 13

42. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Informative
feedback
Shortcut
Reduce the load
of short-term
memory
Error
Management
Coherence
CTRL-Z
Dialogs at closing
Intern control
sabato 28 settembre 13

43. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Storyboard
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44. User Centered Interface Design
Problem
AnalysisUsers
Requirement
Activity
Design
Information
Design
Interaction
Design
Storyboard
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45. DEMO
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46. USABILITY
TESTING
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47. Why?
“Usability is like oxygen. You
don’t notice it until it’s missing”
Usability and the bottom line [Donahue]
“1 $ spent in usability results in a
return of 30.25 $“
Usability is good business [Donahue et al.]
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48. Usability Testing Design
Goals
Efficacy
Comprehension
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49. Usability Testing Design
Problems to solve
How verify usability?
How select users?
How measure usability?
How define oracles?
How define tasks?
How organize
tasks?
How define usability lab?
When perform usability
testing?
How control the results?
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50. Usability Testing Design
On Which Version of Next!?
Next! 1.0
Surely, on the prototype of Next!
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51. Usability Testing Design
How Verify Usability?
Use more than one technique!
Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics
Task Analysis
Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor
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52. Usability Testing Design
How Verify Usability?
Use more than one technique!
Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics
Task Analysis
Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor
sabato 28 settembre 13

53. Usability Testing Design
How Verify Usability?
Use more than one technique!
Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics
Task Analysis
Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor
sabato 28 settembre 13

54. Usability Testing Design
How Define Tasks?
Problem
Analysis
1) Tanyel receives information on the place visited
2) Nika searches new places to visit
3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site
3 tasks, one for all main
functionalities of Next!
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55. Usability Testing Design
How Measure Usability?
NOS
Number of steps taken by
the user in performing a task
S/T
Seconds required by the
user to perform a task
E/T
Errors made by the user in
performing a task
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56. Usability Testing Design
How Define Oracles?
Metric Name Oracle defined by
NOS (Number of Steps) Interface designer
S/T (Seconds for Task) Interface designer
E/T (Errors for Task) Pilot Test
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57. Usability Testing Design
How Select Users?
10 Novice Users
10 Expert Users
Users who have never used
a smartphone
Users expert in the use
of smartphone
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58. Usability Testing Design
How Verify Usability?
Use more than one technique!
Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics
Task Analysis
Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor
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59. Choosing the Competitor
Usability Testing Design
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60. Choosing the Competitor
Google Maps...Why?
Google Maps is the one that
allows to execute every
tasks selected in the
Usability Design
Usability Testing Design
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61. Experimental Design
We evaluated Google Maps using the same
metrics of Next!
NOS
Number of steps taken by
the user in performing a task
S/T
Seconds required by the
user to perform a task
E/T
Errors made by the user in
performing a task
Usability Testing Design
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62. Experimental Design
To reduce the conditionating
factor we used the Within
Group Design
5 Novice users and 5 Expert
users began testing Google
Maps
Usability Testing Design
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63. Usability Testing Design
Organizing tasks
Pre-execution
Execution
Post-
execution
1) Informative consent
2) Pre-execution survey
3) Task list
4) Comprehension survey
NOS
S/T
E/T
Usability Testing Design
Within group design
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64. Usability Testing Design
Organizing tasks
Pre-execution
Execution
Post-
execution
1) Informative consent
2) Pre-execution survey
3) Task list
4) Comprehension survey
HOW STORE USER
EXPERIENCE?
NOS
S/T
E/T
Usability Testing Design
Within group design
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65. Usability Testing Design
Organizing tasks
Pre-execution
Execution
Post-
execution
1) Informative consent
2) Pre-execution survey
3) Task list
4) Comprehension survey
THINK ALOUD WITH
feedback REPORTS
NOS
S/T
E/TWithin group design
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66. Usability Testing Design
Test Execution Plan
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67. TEST RESULTS
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68. Usability Testing Results
Demographic Analysis
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69. Demographic Analysis
Usability Testing Results
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70. Usability Testing Results
How Verify Usability?
Use more than one technique!
Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics
Task Analysis
Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor
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71. Usability Testing Results
Nielsen’s Ten Usability Heuristics
Visibility of system status
Match between system and real world (Speaking user language)
User control and freedom (No too long actions, no unwanted actions)
Consistency and standards
Error prevention (CRTL-Z...)
Recognize rather than recall (Simple layout)
Efficiency and flexibility (Shortcut keys)
Simple and natural communication (Minimalist design)
Help users recognize and recover from errors (Natural language for errors)
Help and documentation
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72. Usability Testing Results
Nielsen’s Ten Usability Heuristics
Visibility of system status
Match between system and real world (Speaking user language)
User control and freedom (No too long actions, no unwanted actions)
Consistency and standards
Error prevention (CRTL-Z...)
Recognize rather than recall (Simple layout)
Efficiency and flexibility (Shortcut keys)
Simple and natural communication (Minimalist design)
Help users recognize and recover from errors (Natural language for errors)
Help and documentation
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73. Usability Testing Results
How Verify Usability?
Use more than one technique!
Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics
Task Analysis
Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor
sabato 28 settembre 13

74. Performance Analysis - S/T
Usability Testing Results
Oracle: 40 secondsMean: 46.44 seconds
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75. Performance Analysis - E/T
Usability Testing Results
Oracle:1Mean: 1.40
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76. Performance Analysis - NOS
Usability Testing Results
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77. User Feedbacks for Comprehension
Usability Testing Results
3 Novice users wondered:
“What is this icon?”
“What is the functionality?”
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78. User Feedbacks for Comprehension
Usability Testing Results
4 Expert users declared
that this item is not in
the right screen
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79. User Feedbacks for Comprehension
Usability Testing Results
7 Novice users and 2
Expert users declared
that this icon is not
comprehensible
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80. Usability Testing Results
How Verify Usability?
Use more than one technique!
Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics
Task Analysis
Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor
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81. Experimental Results
Experimental Evaluation
Unique Navigation Paths, either for Next!
and Google Maps
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82. Experimental Results
Experimental Evaluation
But...S/T is directly proportional to NOS
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83. Experimental Results
Experimental Evaluation
Google Maps interface is more confused
than the Next! interface
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84. Confirm Experimental Results
Experimental Evaluation
We had to prove that the test results were not
casually derived, applying the One Tail t-test
One Tail t-test is applicable only if you are a
normal distribution of data and the equality of
variances
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85. Confirm Experimental Results
Experimental Evaluation
Property Test Passed
Normal distribution
of data
Shapiro-Wilk test
Equality of variances Bartlett test
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86. Confirm Experimental Results
Experimental Evaluation
ID Hypothesis
Hs/t-0 mean(s/tNEXT) = mean(s/tGMAPS)
Hs/t-1 mean(s/tNEXT) > mean(s/tGMAPS)
Hypothesis 1
ID Hypothesis
HNOE-0 mean(e/tNEXT) = mean(e/tGMAPS)
HNOE-1 mean(e/tNEXT) < mean(e/tGMAPS)
Hypothesis 2
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87. ID T p-value
Hs/t-0 3.9694 0.0001981
HNOE-0 -1.8431 0.03517
Confirm Experimental Results
Experimental Evaluation
p-value = 0.05
Null hypothesis was rejected, so
we confirmed the test results!
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88. Conclusions and Future Works
We are on the right way
We have to resolve the problems encountered by users,
testing different icons or different layouts, and then we have
to repeat the usability testing, documentation design!
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89. Conclusions and Future Works
We have to implement QR functionality
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90. Conclusions and Future Works
We’ll submit our project to upXapp contest in
few days
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91. Thank you!
Questions and/or
comments
Dario Di Nucci d.dinucci@studenti.unisa.it
Fabio Palomba f.palomba3@studenti.unisa.it
Michele Tufano m.tufano10@studenti.unisa.it
sabato 28 settembre 13