The document discusses how different eye diseases affect vision. Macular diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affect central vision by distorting or damaging the macula. In neovascular or "wet" AMD, abnormal blood vessels leak fluid into the macula or bleed into it, which can cause blurred or lost central vision. Glaucoma initially impacts peripheral vision and as it advances can cause tunnel vision and blindness by damaging the optic nerve. Cataracts also worsen vision over time as they grow more opaque in the lens.
2. How the Eye Works
The eye works like a camera. Light is focused through the cornea and the
crystalline lens onto the retina. The central part of the retina, called macula, is
responsible for sharp vision. The rest of the retina caters for peripheral vision
and navigation.
How vision is affected by eye diseases
A normally working eye generates a sharp central image (central vision) with
well visualised surrounding features (peripheral vision).
Macular diseases affect the sharpness of the central vision and distorts it.
3. In neovascular AMD (nAMD also referred to as wet AMD) leaky blood vessels
cause accumulation of fluid into the macula (macular oedema) and/or bleeding.
Effect of fluid accumulation in the macula in early stages of wet AMD and
macular oedema.
Neovascular (wet) AMD, more advanced leakage
Neovascular (wet) AMD, advanced and severe leakage
Effect of bleeding in the macula in Neovascular (wet) AMD
4. Effect of bleeding in the macula in Neovascular (wet) AMD, more severe
stage
5. Effect of early cataract on vision
Effect of more advanced cataract on vision
Effect of glaucoma, early stages on vision
Effect of glaucoma, more advanced stages on vision
