1. In El Salvador and Haiti
STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY

2. .Polorus
My Wife’s Family

3. Oscar Romero Film Clip
Watch the film clip and answer
the question on the sheet.
Watch the film clip and answer
the question on the sheet.

4. LIBERATION THEOLOGY
A movement urging the Roman Catholic Church to take a more
active role in changing the social conditions that contribute to
poverty and oppression.

5. For a year, Oscar
received
anonymous
letters
threatening to kill
him unless he
changed his ways
of preaching and
ministry.
On the evening of
24 March 1980,
Oscar marked the
anniversary of a
death by
conducting a
funeral mass.
Ironically, while
performing this
funeral mass, he
was shot and
killed at the altar.
ROMERO ASSASSINATED
Executions were not limited to laborers, but also priests,
nuns, teachers, union organizers and any human rights

6. Romero’s tomb in San Salvador.
“The Church would betray its own love for God and its fidelity to
the gospel if it stopped being… a defender of the rights of the
poor… a humanizer of every legitimate struggle to achieve a more
just society… that prepares the way for the true reign of God in
history.”

7. WAR IN EL SALVADOR
•In the 1970s discontent with societal inequalities, a poor economy,
and the repressive measures of dictatorship led to civil war.
•In the 1970s discontent with societal inequalities, a poor economy,
and the repressive measures of dictatorship led to civil war.

8. Civil War!
• The government, ruled since 1961 by the right-wing National Conciliation Party (PCN)
fought against the leftist guerrillas, the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN).
• The U.S. intervened on the side of the military Junta, despite its scores of human rights
violations.
“Today is the Turn of the Victim”

9. DEATH SQUADS
•Paramilitary groups known as "death squads" committed numerous murders throughout
El Salvador. Their activities protected wealthy land owners who did not want farm workers
organizing to make demands.
•Paramilitary groups known as "death squads" committed numerous murders throughout
El Salvador. Their activities protected wealthy land owners who did not want farm workers
organizing to make demands.

10. •In 1988, the FMLN increased urban terrorism in the capital. Bombings, assassinations,
economic sabotage, arson, among other rural and urban operations.
•In 1988, the FMLN increased urban terrorism in the capital. Bombings, assassinations,
economic sabotage, arson, among other rural and urban operations.

11. Unfortunately, many children were forced to fight! Many were
recruited by the military and others joined the guerilla forces!
Unfortunately, many children were forced to fight! Many were
recruited by the military and others joined the guerilla forces!

12. DEMOCRACY ESTABLISHED???
•The presidency of José Napoleón Duarte, a moderate civilian, from 1984–1989, offered an
alternative to the political extremes of right and left, but Duarte was unable to end the war
and in 1989 Alfredo Cristiani of ARENA was elected.
•The presidency of José Napoleón Duarte, a moderate civilian, from 1984–1989, offered an
alternative to the political extremes of right and left, but Duarte was unable to end the war
and in 1989 Alfredo Cristiani of ARENA was elected.

13. DEMOCRACY ESTABLISHED???

14. •On Jan. 16, 1992, the government signed a peace treaty with the guerrilla
forces, formally ending the 12-year civil war that had killed 75,000.
•El Salvador's subsequent presidents have belonged to ARENA, including the
president, Antonio Saca, who took office in 2004.
•On Jan. 16, 1992, the government signed a peace treaty with the guerrilla
forces, formally ending the 12-year civil war that had killed 75,000.
•El Salvador's subsequent presidents have belonged to ARENA, including the
president, Antonio Saca, who took office in 2004.
WAR ENDS!

15. Hey, this
isn’t Disney
World!
El Salvador continues to deal with a resurgence
of violence by criminal gangs, a struggling but
recovering economy, and endemic poverty.
El Salvador continues to deal with a resurgence
of violence by criminal gangs, a struggling but
recovering economy, and endemic poverty.

16. President Sanchez Ceren: FMLN
• A former rebel leader and member of the FMLN, Sanchez Ceren won the presidential run-off
of March 2014 by a narrow margin, becoming the first former guerrilla to lead the country.
• A former rebel leader and member of the FMLN, Sanchez Ceren won the presidential run-off
of March 2014 by a narrow margin, becoming the first former guerrilla to lead the country.
Has El Salvador developed a stable democracy?Has El Salvador developed a stable democracy?

17. HAITI

18. •1956 - Voodoo physician Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier seizes
power in military coup and is elected president a year later.
•1964 - Duvalier declares himself president-for-life and
establishes a dictatorship with the support of the military.
Francois Duvalier
“PAPA DOC”
HAITIAN
DICTATOR
1956-1971

19. •1971 - Duvalier dies and is succeeded by his 19-year-old son, Jean-
Claude, or "Baby Doc", who also declares himself president-for-life.
•1986 - Baby Doc flees Haiti in the wake of mounting popular
discontent and is replaced by Lieutenant-General Henri Namphy as
head of a governing council.
•1988 - Leslie Manigat becomes president, but is ousted in a coup
led by Brigadier-General Prosper Avril, who installs a civilian
government under military control.
JEAN-CLAUDE DUVALIER
“BABY DOC”
Unstable government overthrown
in a series of military coups.
Film Clip

20. •1990 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide elected president.
•1991 - Aristide ousted in a coup led by Brigadier-
General Raoul Cedras, triggering sanctions by the US
and the Organization of American States.
Jean-Bertrand Aristide
Democratically elected
President in Haiti

21. Raoul Cedras
MILITARY
DICTATOR WHO
OUSTED ARISTIDE
AND TOOK OVER
THE
GOVERNMENT

22. •1994 - Haitian military regime relinquishes power in the face of an
imminent US invasion; US forces land in Haiti peacefully to oversee
a transition to civilian government; Aristide returns.
•1995 - UN peacekeepers begin to replace US troops; Aristide
supporters win parliamentary elections; Rene Preval elected in
December to replace Aristide as president. Aristide is later re-
elected as President in 2000.
HAITIAN PROTESTERS
DEMANDED THE
RETURN OF ARISTIDE

23. U.S. Intervention in Haiti

24. Aristide won the 2000 poll,
which was boycotted by
opposition groups. Aristide's
second term soon became
mired in political, social and
economic crises. The
opposition refused to
recognize the outcome of the
2000 elections.
Aristide In Power Again

25. Feb. 5, 2004 — Armed rebels seize control of Gonaives, Haiti's fourth-largest
city, starting a popular uprising that threatens Aristide's presidency.
Feb. 22, 2004 — Rebels seize Cap-Haitien, Haiti's second-largest city, and vow
to press on to the capital, Port-au-Prince.
Rebels celebrate Sunday in Cap Haitien
Years Later, Many
people are not
satisfied with
Aristide’s Rule!
Armed Rebels Take Command

26. Feb. 29, 2004 — Jean-Bertrand Aristide submitted his resignation as President
of Haiti and flew on a chartered plane to the Central African Republic.
Ousted President Jean-Bertrand
Aristide says he was forced out of
Haiti in a "real coup d'etat" led by the
United States, in what he called a
"modern way to have a modern
kidnapping. I was told that to avoid
bloodshed I'd better leave," he said in
an interview.
The Bush administration vigorously
denied that Aristide was kidnapped
by U.S. troops. An official welcomes Aristide to
Bangui, capital of the Central
African Republic.
Aristide Out of Power…Again

27. The U.N. Security Council voted
February 29, 2004, unanimously to
send a multinational peacekeeping
force to Haiti for up to three months.
Forces include U.S. Marines as well as
French and Canadian troops.
Boniface Alexandre, left, was
installed as Haiti's president. He
appears at a news conference
Sunday with Prime Miniister Yvon
Neptune.
Government Turmoil

28. Haiti Today
•Corruption, insecurity, injustice, and chaos seem to be Haitian constants.
Violent musclemen with big guns, loyal to Aristide, control more than a
dozen sections of the capital, despite the presence of a US-endorsed Haitian
technocrat who is caretaker of the government until presidential elections
later this year.
•The Aristide proxies are collaborating - and competing, too - with members
of the former military, many of whom returned from exile in the Dominican
Republic to join their corrupt colleagues.
•The U.N. Security Council has authorized its international peacekeeping
force in Haiti to continue operations at least until June 1, 2005. The hope is
that Haiti will stabilize and find a democratic solution to its political
problems.

29. Rene Preval – 2006 - Present
As of 2006, Rene Preval is back as president. The
election took place after nearly two years of
international peacekeeping.
Préval drew much of his support from Haiti's poorest
people; he was especially widely supported in the
poorest neighborhoods of Port-au-Prince. However,
many of the poor demanded that the former President
Aristide be allowed to return.

30. Earthquake
January 12, 2010
The human loss ranges between 50000
to 200000, exact number is still to be
calculated. A large number of
buildings collapsed including the
President’s palace, and National
Assembly building. A very large
number of organizations are busy in
relief activities and people as
individuals, groups, associations and
countries are donating.
Film Clip
Has Haiti developed a stable democracy?Has Haiti developed a stable democracy?