Scott Frier, COO of Abengoa Solar, presented at the GW Solar Institute Symposium on April 19, 2010. For more information visit: solar.gwu.edu/Symposium.html

1. ABENGOA SOLAR
Concentrating Solar Power
GW Solar Institute Symposium
April 19, 2010
Washington, DC
Solar Power for a Sustainable World 1

2. ABENGOA SOLAR Outline
• The solar resource – what, where and how
large
• The technology – Concentrating Solar
Power (CSP)
• Why CSP and why now?
• CSP performance highlights
• Land and water requirements
• CSP projects
• Cost and benefits
• Conclusions
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3. ABENGOA SOLAR Image of CSP plants
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4. ABENGOA SOLAR
The Solar Resource
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5. ABENGOA SOLAR The Resource
• Solar energy comes in two flavors –
diffuse and direct (beam)
• PV can use both components
• CSP can use only the direct because
diffuse can not be effectively focused
or concentrated
• So where is the direct solar energy
found?
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6. Southwest Solar Resources
ABENGOA SOLAR Unfiltered Data
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7. Filters to Identify Prime Locations for
ABENGOA SOLAR CSP Development
All Solar Resources 1. Start with direct normal solar resource
estimates derived from 10 km satellite
data.
2. Eliminate locations with less than some
minimum level as these will have a higher
cost of electricity.
3.
Exclude environmentally sensitive lands,
major urban areas, and water features.
4.
Remove land areas with greater than 1%
(and 3%) average land slope.
5.
Locations Suitable for Eliminate areas with a minimum
contiguous area of less than 1 square
Development kilometers.
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8. Southwest Solar Resources
ABENGOA SOLAR Previous Plus Slope < 1% and Topography
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9. Energy Benefits
ABENGOA SOLAR Southwest Solar Energy Potential
Solar
Solar Generation
Land Area Capacity Capacity
State (mi 2) (MW) GWh
AZ 13,613 1,742,461 4,121,268
CA 6,278 803,647 1,900,786
CO 6,232 797,758 1,886,858
NV 11,090 1,419,480 3,357,355
NM 20,356 2,605,585 6,162,729
UT 6,374 815,880 1,929,719
TX 23,288 2,980,823 7,050,242
Total 87,232 11,165,633 26,408,956
Solar zones are being identified to encourage CSP development where environmental impacts are minimized
and infrastructure requirements are more easily met.
As these zones gain broad stakeholder support, the “CSP sweet spot” maps will need to be revised and the
potential re-estimated, both downward but still likely to be very significant
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10. ABENGOA SOLAR
The CSP Technologies
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11. ABENGOA SOLAR How Do We Develop This Resource?
• Concentrating Solar Technologies can be used
to “mine” this resource.
• Some of these technologies use curved mirrors
to focus the sun’s rays and to make steam,
others directly produce electricity.
• This steam is used to produce electricity via
conventional power equipment.
• Can provide bulk and/or distributed generation.
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12. ABENGOA SOLAR Concentrating Solar Power
Parabolic Trough
Linear Fresnel
Power Tower
Dish Engine Concentrating PV
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13. ABENGOA SOLAR Trough Technology
– Trough collectors (single axis tracking)
– Heat-collection elements
– Heat-transfer Oil
– Oil-to-water steam
generator
– Oil-to-salt thermal
storage
– Conventional steam-
Rankine cycle power block
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14. ABENGOA SOLAR
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15. ABENGOA SOLAR Flow Diagram
HTF-Salt
Heat Exchanger
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16. ABENGOA SOLAR
Why CSP and Why Now?
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17. ABENGOA SOLAR Why CSP and Why Now?
• Necessity – the utilities’ other options (coal,
nuclear or natural gas) have significant long
term risks with cost implications
• Uniqueness of thermal energy storage
• Favorable but still unreliable policies, such
as mandated targets plus incentives
• Public opinion favors solar
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18. ABENGOA SOLAR
Performance Aspects
Hybrid option
Thermal Energy Storage
Land Requirements
Water or Air Cooling
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19. ABENGOA SOLAR CSP Hybrid is working in California
120% 12
– Averaged 80% on-
CA Energy
Mount Pinatubo
Volcano Crisis peak capacity
100% 10 factor from solar
– Over 100% with
Insolation (kWh/m^2/day)
On-Peak Capacity (%)
80% 8 fossil backup
– Could approach
60% 6
100% from solar
40% 4
with the addition
of thermal energy
20% 2 storage.
0% 0
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
SCE Summer On-Peak
Solar Contribution Boiler Contribution Direct Normal Radiation Weekdays: Jun - Sep
12 noon - 6 pm
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20. Summer Generation Profile
ABENGOA SOLAR Renewable Resource Fit
(from Barbara Lockwood, APS)
Solar w/storage
Solar
MW
Wind ?
Biomass, Geothermal
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour of the Day
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21. ABENGOA SOLAR Dispatching Solar Power
Generation from solar plant with storage can be
shifted to match the utility system load profile
Summer Winter
Solar Plant With Storage vs. Utility System Load Solar Plant With Storage vs. Utility System Load
July January
1.8 900 1.6 800
1.6 800 1.4 700
1.4 700
Solar Resource (W/m2)
S ola r Re sourc e (W/m 2)
1.2 600
Utility Loa d, T rough P la nt
Utility Load, Trough
1.2 600
1.0 500
Plant Output
1.0 500
Output
0.8 400
0.8 400
0.6 300
0.6 300
0.4 200
0.4 200
0.2 100 0.2 100
0.0 0 0.0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour Ending Hour Ending
Relative Value of Generation Trough Plant w/6hrs TES Solar Radiation Relative Value of Generation Trough Plant w/6hrs TES Solar Radiation
Key: - Solar
- Demand
- Generation
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22. ABENGOA SOLAR Thermal Energy Storage
• Based on Solar Two molten-salt
power tower experience
• Indirect 2-tank molten-salt design
for parabolic trough plants
• Uses oil to salt heat exchangers
to transfer energy to and from storage
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23. ABENGOA SOLAR Land usage
• CSP plants typically need about 5 acres
per MW or about sq mile per 100MW
or about 10 sq miles per GW
• With TES this increases to about 6-8
acres per MW, depending on the hours
of TES
• This estimate generally applies to all
CSP technologies
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24. ABENGOA SOLAR Wet Vs. Dry Cooling Technology
Wet Cooling
• Uses 3.5 m3 water per MWh, same as fossil plants
• ~90% for cooling
• The rest for the steam cycle and washing
Dry Cooling
• Reduces plant water consumption by ~90%
• Increases plant capital cost ~5%
• Reduces annual net output >5%
• Significant reduction during hot periods
• Increases cost of electricity ~10%
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25. ABENGOA SOLAR Hybrid Cooling Technology
• A “hybrid” mix of wet and dry
cooling
• A number of approaches are
possible
• Commercially available option
• Includes both dry and wet
cooling towers
• Relative size of wet and dry
cooling towers determines
water use
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26. ABENGOA SOLAR
CSP Projects
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27. ABENGOA SOLAR CSP Projects
• US has 430 MW in operation and
8,280 MW under signed contracts with
utilities
• Spain has 231 MW in operation and
961 MW under development and an
additional 1,300 MW approved for the
current feed-in tariff
• Other countries have 160 MW in
various stages of development
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28. CSP Business Estimated Activity in the
ABENGOA SOLAR US (March 2010)
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29. ABENGOA SOLAR Solnova 1 and 3 as of December 2009
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30. ABENGOA SOLAR ISCC for Algeria
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31. ABENGOA SOLAR ISCC Under Construction in Morocco
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32. ABENGOA SOLAR View of PS10 and PS20
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33. ABENGOA SOLAR PS-10
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34. ABENGOA SOLAR PS10 Operating
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35. ABENGOA SOLAR PS10 Heliostats
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36. ABENGOA SOLAR Solana Overview
Solar Power for a Sustainable World
Solana Generating Station
West of Gila Bend, AZ

37. ABENGOA SOLAR
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38. ABENGOA SOLAR Solana Overview
Site
Location:
The Solana site
is located west
of Gila Bend,
Gila Bend
•
Solana Site
AZ,
approximately
~70 miles
southwest of
Phoenix. Map extent
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RS-15
RS-

39. ABENGOA SOLAR Overview: Solana Site Selection
•High solar
resource
•Minimal slope
•Proximity to
electric grid
•Proximity to
transportation
corridors
•Water
availability Solana
•Previously Site
disturbed land
Solar Power for a Sustainable World RS-23 39
RS-

40. ABENGOA SOLAR Solana Overview
Project Facts
• 280 MW gross output with
conventional steam turbines
• “Solar Field” will cover about 3 square
miles and contain ~ 2,900 trough
collectors
• Collectors are ~ 6m wide, 125m long,
and over 6m in height
• Plant water consumption
approximately eight times less than
current agricultural use
• Thermal storage tanks allow electricity
to be produced on cloudy days or
several hours after sunset
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41. ABENGOA SOLAR Solana Overview
Constructing
Solana will
require over
80,000 tons of
steel – enough
to build a
second Golden
Gate Bridge.
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42. ABENGOA SOLAR
Cost and Benefits
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43. A Narrowing Cost Gap
ABENGOA SOLAR (From Barbara Lockwood, APS)
Large Scale Projects
Global Uptake
CSP Strong Developers
Incentives
Carbon Policy
Fuel Risk
Equipment and Labor Costs Traditional
Increasing Fuel Prices
Environmental Resources
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44. ABENGOA SOLAR Economic Benefits
Using Solana (280 MW) as an example
Jobs (direct)
1,500-2,000 jobs during construction
85-100 permanent jobs during operation
Investment
$1 billion in direct investment
Tax revenues
Between $300 and $400 million over 30 years
Mirror factory
Additional 180 permanent jobs in state
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45. ABENGOA SOLAR
Abengoa and Abengoa Solar
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46. ABENGOA SOLAR Abengoa
Abengoa is a technology and project development
company applying innovative solutions for
sustainable development in infrastructure,
environment and energy sectors.
Mature Founded 1941
Profitable Sales in 2009 of $5.6 billion US
Focused Innovative solutions for long term sustainability
Global Present in more than 70 countries, 64% of
business outside Spain
Large Over 23,000 employees
Public Quoted on the Madrid stock exchange (ABG)
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47. ABENGOA SOLAR Abengoa Business Units
Abengoa Abengoa
Befesa Telvent Abeinsa
Solar Bioenergy
Environmental Information Engineering and
Solar Energy Bioenergy
Services Technologies Construction
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48. ABENGOA SOLAR CSP Technologies and Projects
Abengoa Solar
Develops ...
Builds …
Operates ...
Troughs and Towers
Parabolic Trough / Solar Tower Plants and Installations
Some Examples ...
Solucar Solnova
Steam and water
Platform: Solana & Mojave
1, 3 & 4 (Construction) PS10 & PS20 ISCCs heating
Solnova, Solar Solar Project
installations
Tower Plants 2 & 5 (Development)
(Spain) 250 MW 31 MW 560 MW 150/480 MW 2.4 MW
(Spain) (Spain) (U.S.) (Algeria/ (U.S.)
Morocco)
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49. ABENGOA SOLAR Conclusions
• The US has a large CSP resource located in several regions
• CSP is an attractive high-value resource because of its fixed
cost, hedging, dispatchable and local economic benefits
• CSP has proven performance, reliability and dispatchability
• The cost of CSP will continue to decline as a result of R&D,
larger plants, global market growth and the associated
learning curve effects
• CSP projects generally face the same financing, siting and
transmission challenges as do other generation resources
• CSP projects require project finance
• Long-term low interest debt and/or grants are needed to
support the growth of the CSP market
• CSP has the attributes and scale potential to become a
major element of the US generation resource portfolio
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50. ABENGOA SOLAR Contact Information
Scott Frier
Chief Operating Officer
Abengoa Solar
Tel: 760.962.9200
Scott.frier@solar.abengoa.com
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