industrialization urbanization growth of the middle class

1. URBAN LIFE The World of Cities 9.2

5. An unusually clean-looking Father Thames warns the City of London that if it wants to avoid an outbreak of typhoid, as was seen in Maidstone, it must stop polluting him. 1897

6. Filthy river, filthy river, Foul from London to the Nore, What art thou but one vast gutter, One tremendous common shore? All beside thy sludgy waters, All beside thy reeking ooze, Christian folks inhale mephitis, Which thy bubbly bosom brews. All her foul abominations Into thee the City throws; These pollutions, ever churning, To and fro thy current flows. And from thee is brewed our porter - Thee, thou gully, puddle, sink! Thou, vile cesspool, art the liquor Whence is made the beer we drink! Thou too hast a conservator, He who fills the civic chair; Well does he conserve thee, truly, Does he not, my good Lord Mayor?

7. The Thames introduces its children - infectious diseases - to the City of London, showing some understanding, at the time of the 'Great Stink', that the river was a danger to health. 1858

8. Lord Morpeth, introducer of the 1st Public Health Act, throws it and other bills to the aldermen of the City of London, portrayed as pigs. 1848

9. Look on London with its Smells -/ Sickening Smells!/ What long nasal misery their nastiness foretells!/ How they trickle, trickle, trickle,/ On the air by day and night!/ While our thoraxes they tickle,/ Like the fumes from brass in pickle,/ Or from naphtha all alight;/ In a worse than witch-broth drench,/ Of the muck-malodoration that so nauseously wells/ From the Smells, Smells, Smells, Smells,/ Smells, Smells, Smells -/ From the fuming and the spuming of the Smells. 1890

10. This is the water that John drinks.// … This is the price that we pay to wink/ At the vested int'rests that fill to the brink,/ The network of sewers from cesspool and sink,/ That feed the fish that float in the ink-/ -y stream of the Thames with its cento of stink,/ That supplies the water that John drinks.// 1849

13. The plates of these dentures are made of hippopotamus ivory, the anterior (front teeth) are human teeth. Two Full Upper Dentures c. 1830

18. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884

21. The Middle Class Owners and Managers of Great Businesses and Banks Small entrepreneurs, professional people Shopkeepers school teachers, librarians, White collar workers Secretaries, retail clerks, lower level bureaucrats in business and government.

24. A capitalist lives a pampered existence, while below him the workers toil in terrible conditions. 1843

31. Late Nineteenth Century Urban Life