1. If the Enlightenment was characterized by hope and optimism, why would it be accurate to characterize the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries as pessimistic, or fatalistic?

9. Photography was gaining popularity, and as cameras became more portable, photographs became more candid. Photography inspired impressionists to capture the moment, not only in the fleeting lights of a landscape, but in the day-to-day lives of people. Impressionism Characteristics of impressionist painting include visible brushstrokes, light colors, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, and unusual visual angles.

10. At the Races (1877 – 1880) – Edgar Degas

11. Soleil couchant à Ivry (Sunset at Ivry). 1873. Armand Guillaumin

12. Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette (Le Bal au Moulin de la Galette). (1876.) Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

13. Claude Monet Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873)

14. Claude Monet - Waterlilies, Green Reflection, Left Part 1916-1923

15. New Directions in Art and Individual Expression Post - Impressionism Post-Impressionists kept the emphasis on light and color but paid much more attention to structure and form. Post-Impressionists used color and lines to express inner feelings, or a personal statement of reality rather than pure imitation of reality.

16. Paul Cezanne, Boy in a Red Vest, 1888 - 1890

17. Vincent van Gogh Self-Portrait , 1886

18. Van Gogh – 1889, The Starry Night

21. Woman in an Armchair (1913) by Pablo Picasso Still-life with Fruit-dish on a Table (1914-15) by Pablo Picasso

24. Women’s Social & Political Union [W.S.P.U.]

28. Captain Alfred Dreyfus in military uniform. Dreyfus disgraced in a public ceremony. The Dreyfus Affair : 1894

44. Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905 The Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg Father Georgi Gapon