1. •TRAINING
March 2, 2014
PROGRAM ON PLANNERS TO THE
PROMOTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER
GENERATION IN JAPAN FROM13 AUG-13 SEP
2013
NPDCL
Training was conducted by Japan international cooperation Agency(JICA) under Technical co operation
 To understand the policies, technical conditions for
promoting PV technology.

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2. •
•
•
•
About JICA
Knowledge Management
Japan government policies
Basics of PV System
PDM(Electrification of Rural areas off-grid(SHS)
with PV technologies
NPDCL
•
March 2, 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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3. March 2, 2014
JICA(JAPAN INTERNATIONAL CO
OPERATION AGENCY)
Its main aim it to reduction poverty, improving
governance, Achieving human security.
 Now JICA can comprehensively provide major 3
schemes of assistance (grant Aid, yen loan and
Technical Assistance) to meet the requirements of
developing countries.
 JICA grant Aid(yen102.4 billion),yen loan( yen
677.7 billion) and Technical Assistance( yen 168.8
billion) for 2010 fiscal year.(1Rs=1.63yen)

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4. 
Tacit Knowledge
Subjective and
experimental
knowledge
that can not be
expressed in words,
sentences or numbers
Needs to improve

March 2, 2014
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE,
TWO TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
Explicit Knowledge
Objective and rational
Knowledge
that can be expressed
in words, sentences or
numbers
Needs to improve
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5. Solar Power
Generation System
Training Course in JICA Kansai
Knowledge Management Perspective
“Iceberg”
Tacit Knowledge
Source: N, Konno,1999,"Chishikikeieiin Japanese).
NPDCL
Explicit Knowledge
March 2, 2014
1. Introduction

6. Solar Power
Generation System
Training Course in JICA Kansai
Conclusion
March 2, 2014
① Overview & Implications of Knowledge Management
“Iceberg”
Report
NPDCL
Explicit Knowledge
Know-how
Tacit Knowledge
Belief,
Experiences・・・
©2013 Y. NIIZEKI
6
no susume", Chikumashobo,(in Japanese).
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7. NPDCL
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March 2, 2014
POLICIES

8. DATA
Annual average
irradiation 6.0KWh/sq
m/day
 Total area3287590km
 Total
population1.21b
 Total Budget U$309b
 Total installed
capacity 210GW
 Total PV installed
capacity 1.4GW

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Annual average
irradiation 3.24.0Kwh/sq m/day
 Total area 377835km
 Total
population127.7m
 Total Budget US$672b
 Total installed capacity
208GW
 Total PV installed
capacity6.6GW

INDIA
March 2, 2014
JAPAN
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9. 10 Councils
SubCommittees and
Work Groups
Agency for Natural
Resources and Energy:
465 staff members
10 Independent
Administrative
Agencies
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Advisory
Committee for
Natural
Resources and
Energy
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry: 8161 staff
members, 2013 annual budget
895 billion Yen (0.94 % of total
national budget)
“http://www.meti.go.jp/englis
h/index.html”
March 2, 2014
Country Report of Japan (1)
Organizational Framework of Energy Sector: Policy Formulation,
Implementation, and Monitoring and Evaluation
(a) National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), (b)
New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development
Organization (NEDO)
Many other energy related
institutions
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10. JAPAN GOVT POLICES TO PROMOTE PV SYSTEM
March 2, 2014
Sunshine project ( 1974) :
Develop photovoltaic system with high
performance and affordable price by around
1990
NEDO: New Energy and Industrial Technology
Development Organization (1980)
 Buy back system ( 1994) Excess power purchase
 FIT ( July 2012)
 Total installed capacity of Japan 208 GW (March,2012)
 The PV installed capacity is 6.63 GW as on March
2012

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11. March 2, 2014
BUYBACK PROGRAM AUG 2009 DURATION
IS 10 YEARS(EXCESS POWER PURCHASE)
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The selling price is double of normal tariff
sell 48 yen/KWh
By consumer
buy 23 Yen / KWh
Every year it will be reviewed and revised
 Additional cost of on power company is to be shared by
Every customer as PV surcharge
0-120
17.87 Yen/KWh
120-300 22.86 Yen/KWh
Domestic consumers tariff
Above 300 24.13 Yen/Kwh
METI has Terminated this program and introduced FIT in
july 2012
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

12. SUBSIDY FOR RESIDENTIAL PV SYSTEMS
March 2, 2014
NPDCL
Responsible organizations for subsidy implementation
J-PEC
JPEA
Connected load is below 10KW
FY 2012 35000Y/KW(System cost below 475000Y/KW)
30000Y/KW system cost 475000Y to 550000Y
Number of application 329836
Number of application got subsidy and installed
capacity is 197964 and 911 MW (April to Dec 12)

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13. NPDCL
Tariff set as follows
42Y/Kwh PV system >10KW period 20 years
34Y/Kwh PV system <10KW period 10 years
The tariffs are annual review
Under FIT PV installed capacity from July 2012 to
12 August is -------------MW in japan
Germany has introduced FIT in year 2010 and
promoted PV system 24.7GW 2011 world largest

March 2, 2014
FEED IN TARIFF JULY 2012
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14. Outline of FIT (Feed In Tariff) and growth of PV market in Japan
■Price and period
（In case of more than 10kW in FY2013）
Price （/kWh）
■Growth of PV market after
enforcement of FIT
JPY36 （tax excluded）、
JPY37.8（tax included)
Period
20years from operating date
※Price of FY2012 is JPY40 (tax excluded)
【Account of FIT price】
・Installation cost: Approx. JPY280,000/kW
（excluded land creation）
・Running cost : Approx. JPY10,000/kW
・Annual generating power : Approx.1050kWh/kW
・IRR : 6% (Wind power :8%, Small hydroelectric : 7%）
(The first 3years IRR will be increased 1-2%)
※IRR:Internal Rate of Return
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Total installation capacity of PV system
from July 2012 to February 2013 is 12.2GW
NISSIN ELECTRIC

15. Electric Power Companies in Japan
March 2, 2014
There are 10 utility companies.
JAPAN
All companies:
- Founded in 1951
- Vertically integrated
50Hz
Tohoku
17GW
60Hz
Hokuriku
8GW
Chugoku
12GW
Okinawa
2GW
Kyushu
21GW
Total: 208GW
Chubu
Kansai 33GW
Shikoku
35GW
7GW
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Hokkaido
7.4GW
550KV/275K
V/154KV/77
Tokyo KV/22KV/6.6
66GW KV/200V,
100V
Frequency Conversion
Stations
(3 sites, total 1,000MW)
500 km
Interconnection
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Installed Generating Capacity as of March 31, 2012
Copyright© 2013, Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

16. Basic Principle
Sun Light
Current
N- type Silicon
P/N junction
:
:
Hole
Sun Light
Current
P- type Silicon
Electron
When the sunlight enters into P/N junction, electric power is
directly generated by semiconductor effect.
Manufacturers of PV cell / module are struggling;
1. to reduce the amount of silicon material to be consumed,
2. to increase the conversion efficiency of PV cell / module, and
3. to reduce the production cost.

17. Off-grid or Grid-connected
Charge
controller
Off-grid PV
System
Storage battery
PV Array
Utility
Grid
Load
Power Conditioning
System (PCS)
WH
Grid-Connected
PV system
WH
Load
Storage battery
(Only for limited use)
The output of the PV system is basically unstable because it
varies depending on the weather, but connecting with the grid
makes it possible to constantly supply power to consumers.

18. Classification of PV cells
Module’s
Type
Photo
Features
conversion
efficiency
Monocrystal
Monocrystal about 200 microns thick is used as the substrate.
Crystal
The conversion efficiency and reliability are high, but the price is high as well.
Up to 20%
Polycrystal consisting of relatively small crystals is used as the substrate.
Silicon
Polycrystal
Compared with the monocrystal type, this is easy to manufacture and inexpensive, but the
Up to 15%
efficiency is low.
Thin-film
This type is made by forming an amorphous or crystalline silicon film (about 1 micron thick) on
a glass substrate. The efficiency is lower than that of the crystalline silicon type.
Up to 9%
This is a thin-film PV cell made from copper, indium, and selenium.
CIS
The CIS type features resource saving and mass production, and is expected to have high
Up to 12%
performance.
Compound
CdTe
This is a thin-film PV cell made from cadmium and tellurium.
The CdTe type features resource saving, mass production, and low price.
Up to 11%
This type is given by applying multiple junctions and condensing technologies to a compound
Condenser
consisting of group-III and group-V elements.
Up to 42%
The performance is high but the price is high.
Dye sensitizer
Organic
Organic thin-film
Dye adhering to titanium oxide absorbs light and generates power.
Up to 11%
The dye sensitizer type is in the R&D stage.
(Expected)
This type is made by coating a film using an organic semiconductor.
The organic thin-film is in the R&D stage.
(Source: NEDO White Paper on Renewable Energy)
Up to 8%
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19. Country Report of Japan (5)
Regulation of Japanese Power Industry (1)
March 2, 2014
(a) Electricity Business Act regulates the power industry, and safety of
power facilities and equipment.
NPDCL
(b) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Agency for Natural Resources
and Energy is in charge of this act and regulates the industry through
implementation rules and regulations based on the act.
(c) Power supply has been deregulated over the past decade, and liberalized
up to large customers.
(d) East Japan Great Earth Quack and Tsunami on March 11 2011, and
the following nuclear disaster of Fukushima Nuclear Power Station I has
required significant change in the regulatory framework and method.
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has been repealed of authority
to regulate nuclear power industry, which is now under Ministry of
Environment.
August 2013
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20. Regulation of Japanese Power Industry
March 2, 2014
NPDCL
(1) In April 2013 the bill for the act for partially revision of Electricity
Business Act was approved by the cabinet and was submitted to the
diet. The purpose of the bill is to create an independent institution
that operates national power system by 2015 in stead of 10 power
companies.
(2) Further, power supply to general household will be liberalized by 2016.
Retail sales of electricity will be completely liberalized.
(3) Between 2018 and 2020, unbundling between power generation and
transmission is planned.
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August 2013
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21. ROUGH ESTIMATION OF PV GENERATION
NPDCL
If a 10kW system, for example, is installed in Tokyo
with the array having an optimal tilt angle and
pointing south, then the annual energy generation
is given as follows:
10 (kW) × 3.92 (kWh/m2･day) × 0.7 × 365 (days) =
10,016 (kWh/year)
 In case of India
10X6X.7X365=15330(Kwh/year)
March 2, 2014
Ep=PAS * HA * K * 365 days
Ep = Expected annual energy (kWh/year)
PAS = Rated capacity of PV array (kW)
HA = Daily irradiation on yearly average
(kWh/m2/day)
K = Total design factor (0.65 to 0.8 or about 0.7 in
average)

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22. ROUGH ESTIMATION OF REQUIRED AREA
March 2, 2014
NPDCL
Sunlight has energy 1KW/ m2 after it reaches the
ground through space and atmosphere.
If PV cell conversion efficiency 15%
1KWX.15=.15KW because the conversion efficiency
of crystalline silicon cell is about 15%.This means
that a power of 1KW requires an area about 6.6
m2. The thin film type can conversion efficiency is
8% so that the required area is about 12.5 m2 .In
actual installation, a power of 1KW requires 10-15
m2 for maintenance space between PV arrays
Conclusion :Area depends upon the conversion
efficiency

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23. NPDCL
Basic components of PV system
PV Modules, Battery, charge controller,
Inverter(PCs),Load
Types of solar PV systems
On-grid(Grid-tied system)
Roof top 1KW -5KW
Centralized grid system
Off-grid system
stand alone system 20W-1KW
Mini grid System 10KW-100KW

March 2, 2014
BASICS OF PV SYSTEMS
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24. Basics of Solar PV Systems
1
Basics of Solar PV Systems
FeaturesofSolarPVSystem
Componentsofsystem
TypeofSystem
– Off-grid,On-grid
SolarEnergy
Basics of Solar PV Systems
Electricity from Solar Energy
PV Module converts Solar energy into Electricity(DC)
 LessSolarEnergy
LessElectricity
 MoreSolarEnergy
MoreElectricity
Powergeneration
changesdaily
Solar Energy
Input
PV Module
Electricity
Conversion
Output
DC
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25. ACRONYMNS

ANRE-Agency for Natural Resources and Energy

JPEA - Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association

J-PEC Japan Photovoltaic Expansion Centre
NPDCL
METI - Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
March 2, 2014

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26. CONCLUSIONS
March 2, 2014
NPDCL
Apply for training course( www.persmin.gov.in)
 Punctuality, Cleanness ,Security
 Improve Explicit Knowledge
 Policies are more important to sustainable
growth.
 Technical knowledge (proper Design,
Maintenance, Installation) is Required
 PDM

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27. March 2, 2014
NPDCL
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28. March 2, 2014
NPDCL
THANK YOU
hussainmaloth@yahoo.com
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