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Microstrip line fed stacked layer e shaped patch antenna for wlan
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 48 MICROSTRIP LINE FED STACKED LAYER E- SHAPED PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN AND WIMAX APPLICATIONS Uma Shankar Modani 1 , Gajanand Jagrawal2 1 (Govt. Engg. College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India) 2 (Govt. Engg. College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India) ABSTRACT The design of stacked layer E-shaped microstrip patch antenna for wideband operation in the 5-6 GHz frequency range has been presented in this paper. The antenna is Microstrip line feeded. The Roger RO4350 of 1.6 mm height with relative permittivity of 3.66 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.004 has been used as the substrate on which the patch is placed. An air box of 2mm height has been introduced between substrate and the ground. The ANSOFT HFSS software has been used for designing the antenna. High performance characteristics and good impedance matching have been obtained. The antenna is resonating at 5.36 GHz with a return loss of -56.5 dB. A maximum gain of 5.3 dB has been obtained in E-plane. The proposed antenna is suitable for WLAN and WiMax applications operating within 5.15-5.85 GHz frequency band. Keywords: E- shaped, Line Feed, Stacked Layers, WLAN and WiMax. I. INTRODUCTION Due to the inherent advantages of low profile, less weight, low cost, and ease of integration with microstrip circuits, the Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in wireless communications [1]. However, the main disadvantage of microstrip antennas is their small bandwidth. Many methods have been proposed to improve the bandwidth. These include the use of a thick substrate and cutting slots in the design [2-5]. Improvement of broader bandwidth becomes an important need for many applications such as for high speed networks. High-speed wireless computer networks have attracted the attention of researchers, especially in the 5-6 GHz band (e. g. WiMax and IEEE 802.11a Indoor and Outdoor WLAN). These networks have the ability to provide high speed connectivity between notebook computers, PCs, personal organizers and other wireless digital appliances. Many novel INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June, 2013, pp. 48-55 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.8896 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJECET © I A E M E
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 49 antenna designs have been proposed to suit the standards for high-speed wireless computer networks. Some approaches have resulted in the probe-fed U-slot patch antennas [6-10], the E- shaped patch antennas [11-17] and many others. The E-shape has been an attraction for antenna designers. An E-shaped patch antenna has been presented in [11]. However, this antenna is a coaxial probe fed antenna and covers the 5-6GHz frequency band. This antenna design is a bit complex and contains many slots in the patch. In [12], a parametric study of this E-shaped patch antenna has been presented. In [13], an E-shaped patch antenna which operates at 1.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz frequency bands has been presented. The E-shaped patch antenna presented in [14] is a coaxial probe feeded antenna. In this antenna, the substrate material used is having a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a height of 3.2mm. A microstrip line fed triband E-shaped antenna has been reported in [15]. This is a monopole antenna. In [16], a multilayer substrate microstrip line fed E-shaped antenna has been reported. This antenna is designed to cover 5 GHz to 6 GHz band. However, Glass and Silicon are the two substrate materials used as antenna substrate which are different than the substrates used in proposed antenna. In this paper, a simple design of E-shaped patch antenna with an air box of 2 mm inserted between ground plane and the substrate has been presented which can cover the frequency range of 5.15-5.85 GHz. The same technique of stacked layers structure using an air box sandwiched between substrate and the ground has been reported in [11], [17-20]. Ansoft HFSS which is the industry standard simulation tool for 3D full-wave electromagnetic field simulation based on Finite Element Method (FEM) has been used for simulation purposes [21], [22]. II. ANTENNA DESIGN The side view of the proposed antenna structure has been shown in Fig. 1. The broad banding technique of stacked layers is used to improve the bandwidth. An air box of 2 mm height has been inserted between substrate and the ground. The Roger RO4350 of 1.6 mm thickness having relative permittivity of 3.66 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.004 has been used as the substrate. The substrate and ground size has been considered as 47.6mm x 46.6mm. The antenna is feeded by a microstrip line. The feeding method is easy to fabricate but difficult to model accurately and have low spurious radiation and narrow bandwidth of impedance matching [23]. The location of the feed element with respect to the patch also plays a role in the antenna performance. The patch geometry has been shown in Fig. 2. The corresponding dimensions are listed in Table I. The E-shaped design has been obtained by removing two rectangular patches of dimensions L1×W1 from one side of the main rectangular patch of dimensions L×W at W3 distance apart from the two opposite sides. L2 and W2 are the dimensions of the feed of the antenna. Fig.1. Side view of proposed antenna structure
3.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 50 Fig.2. E-shaped patch geometry with line feed TABLE I DIMENSIONS OF THE PATCH AND FEED Parameters Dimensions (mm) L 38 W 37 L1 17.5 W1 15.5 L2 4.8 W2 11 W3 2 III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fig. 3 shows the return loss plot of the proposed antenna. The antenna is resonating at 5.43 GHz with a return loss of -58.2 dB. The lower -10 dB frequency at 4.96 GHz and upper -10 dB frequencies at 5.95 GHz have been obtained which covers the entire range of WiMax and WLAN applications. Fig. 4 presents the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns which are almost omnidirectional in shape. The maximum gain of 5.5 dB has been obtained in the E- plane. The smith chart has been shown in Fig. 5 which presents the impedance characteristics of the antenna at the entire observing frequency range of 3.5 GHz to 8 GHz. Fig. 6 presents the 3D polar plot obtained at 5.5 GHz. Fig. 7 shows the variations in the gain with respect to frequency. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are showing the E-field and H-field respectively. It has revealed that the gain performance of the proposed antenna is satisfactory within the desired frequency range. The other parameters such as peak directivity, peak gain and radiation efficiency are shown in Table II.
4.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 51 Fig.3. Return loss plot Fig.4. E and H plane radiations patterns Fig.5. Smith chart
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 52 Fig.6. Polar plot Fig.7. Gain v/s frequency curve Fig.8. E-field distribution on the patch
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 53 Fig.9. H-field distribution on the patch TABLE III OTHER SIMULATED RESULTS Parameters Simulated Results Peak Directivity 3.4859 Peak Gain 3.4399 Radiation Efficiency 0.98682 IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE A simple stacked layers E-shaped microstrip patch antenna fed with microstrip line has been designed for WiMax, WLAN and other high-speed wireless communication systems operating within 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz frequency band. The simulated results have shown satisfactory radiation performance of the antenna across the entire operating frequency range. These features are very useful for worldwide portability of wireless communication equipments. The proposed antenna design will be helpful for antenna design engineers to design and optimize the antennas for other wireless applications. The future works include fabrication of the antenna, measurements of antenna performance parameters with the industry standard equipments and comparison of simulated and measured results. REFERENCES [1] Balanis, C.A., 2005. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. 3rd Edn., John Wiley, Hoboken, ISBN: 047166782X, pp: 1117. [2] Yoharaaj, D. Azmir and Raja Syamsul, “A New Approach for Bandwidth Enhancement Technique in Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications,” RF and Microwave Conference, 2006. RFM 2006. International, 2006, Page(s): 205 – 209.
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 54 [3] Rafi, G. and L. Shafai, “Broadband microstrip patch antenna with V-slot,” IEE Proc. Microw. Antenna Propag., Vol. 151, No. 5, 435–440, October 2004. [4] Islam, M. T., M. N. Shakib, and N. Misran, "Multi-slotted microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication," Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 10, 11- 18, 2009. [5] Mohamed Nabil Srifi, Mourad Meloui and Mohamed Essaaidi, “Rectangular Slotted Patch Antenna for 5-6GHz Applications,” International Journal of microwave and optical technology, vol.5 no.2 march 2010. [6] Lee, K. F., K. M. Luk, K. F. Tong, S. M. Shum, T. Huynh, and R. Q., “Experimental and simulation studies of the coaxially fed U-slot," Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng., pt. H, Vol. 144, 354-358, Oct. 1997. [7] Lee, K. F., et al., “Experimental and simulation studies of the coaxially fed U-slots rectangular patch antenna,” IEE Proc. Microw. Antenna Propag., Vol. 144, No. 5, 354– 358, October 1997. [8] H. F. AbuTarboush, H. S. Al-Raweshidy and R. Nilavalan, “Triple Band Double U- Slots Patch Antenna for WiMAX Mobile Applications”, the 14th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications , Japan, October 2008. [9] H. F. AbuTarboush and H. S. Al-Raweshidy, “A Connected E-Shape and U-Shape Dual-Band Patch Antenna for Different Wireless Applications”, the Second International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology, July, 2008. [10] Weigand, S., G. H. Huff, K. H. Pan, and J. T. Bernhard, “Analysis and design of broad- band single-layer rectangular U slot microstrip patch antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 3, 457–468, March 2003. [11] Modani Uma Shankar and Jagrawal Gajanand, “A Novel Slotted E-Shaped Patch Antenna for WiMax and WLAN Applications”, IEEE International Conference on Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IEEE ICARET), Publication Year: 2013, Page(s): 238 – 240. [12] Modani Uma Shankar and Jagrawal Gajanand, “A Slotted E-Shaped Stacked Layers Patch Antenna for 5.15-5.85GHz Frequency Band Applications,” International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 4, Issue 3, Pp. 11-23, May- June 2013. [13] Yang, F., X.-X. Zhang, X. Ye, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 49, No. 7, 1091-1100, July 2001. [14] B. K. Ang and B. K. Chung, " A Wideband E-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5– 6GHz Wireless Communications," Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 75, 397–407, 2007. [15] Sajad Mohammad Ali Nezhad and Hamid Reza Hassani, “A Novel Triband E-Shaped Printed Monopole Antenna for MIMO Application,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters vol. 9,576-579, July 2010. [16] Ge, Y., K. P. Esselle, and T. S. Bird, “E-Shaped patch antennas for high-speed wireless networks," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat.,” Vol. 52, No. 12, 3213-3219, December 2004. [17] Yu, A. and X. X. Zhang, “A method to enhance the bandwidth of microstrip antennas using a modified E-shaped patch,” Proceedings of Radio and Wireless Conference, 261–264, Aug. 10–13, 2003.
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Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 55 [18] Ayoub, A. F. A., “Analysis of rectangular microstrip antennas with air substrates,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 17, No. 12, 1665–1817, 2003. [19] G. Drossos, Z. Wu and L. E. Davis, "The air gap effect on a microstiip-coupled cylindrical dielectiic resonator antenna," Microw. and Opt, Techn. Lett., vol 20, pp.36- 40, Jan. 1999. [20] Modani, U.S.; Modani, S.G.; “Swastika-shaped patch antennas for 5.8GHz WLAN communications,” International Journal of Operation Research and Optimization, July- December 2011, Vol.2, No. 2, pp. 455-460, ISSN-(Print) 0975-3737, (Online) 2231- 4741. [21] HFSS, Ansoft Corporation, http://www.ansoft.com/products/hfss. [22] Ansoft HFSS V11 User’s Guide, 2009. HFSS, Ansoft Corporation, Pittsburgh, USA. [23] B. Jyothi, B.T.P.Madhav, V.V.S. Murthy, P. Syam Sundar, VGKM Pisipati, " Comparative Analysis of Microstrip Coaxial Fed, Inset Fed and Edge Fed Antenna Operating at Fixed Frequency," International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2012 1 ISSN 2250-3153. [24] Amit Kumar Gupta, R.K. Prasad and Dr. D.K. Srivastava, “Design and Development of Dual E-Shaped Microstrip patch Antenna for Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 3, Issue 3, 2012, pp. 34 - 42, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 –6472. [25] G.A.Bidkar, P.V.Hunagund, R.M.Vani, S.N. Mulgi and P.M.Hadalgi, “Low Cost Slotted Microstrip Line Fed Shorted Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 2, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 11 - 16, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 –6472. [26] Anurag Sharma, Ramesh Bharti and Archanaagarwal, “Enhanced Bandwidth Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 41 - 47, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 –6472.