Presentation by Shenggen Fan, IFPRI Director General, at "Berlin Launch of IFPRI’s 2013 Global Food Policy Report" event. June 11, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. Event details at: http://www.ifpri.org/event/berlin-launch-ifpri-s-2013-global-food-policy-report

2. Global food policy highlights
Nutrition gets the spotlight
• Increased investments – G8 Nutrition for Growth Summit
• Expansion of New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition
• Bigger momentum of SUN Movement
• New evidence – The Lancet Series
Post-2015 agenda and SDGs gain traction
• Recognition of linkages among development outcomes
• BUT lack of consensus on agriculture, food, and nutrition goals

3. Regional and national developments
• Africa: CAADP turns 10; Development of Science Agenda
for Agriculture in Africa
• Middle East & North Africa: Impressive food policies incl.
land reform, open data initiative
• Central Asia & Russia: New reforms incl. improved
agricultural productivity, agribusiness competitiveness,
and trade
• South Asia: Strategic actions for ensuring food security
and adapting to climate change; India’s Right to Food Act

4. Post-2015 agenda
End hunger and undernutrition by 2025
 For ethical and economic reasons
 Evidence from various countries suggests it is
realistic to pursue this goal

5. 0 10 20 30 40 50
DRC
Madagascar
Ethiopia
Nepal
Yemen
Uganda
Tanzania
Burma
Bangladesh
Kenya
Sudan
Nigeria
Pakistan
India
Vietnam
Philippines
Indonesia
US$
Economic returns to US$ 1 invested
in reducing stunting
Source: Hoddinott et al. 2013
Undernutrition leads to
• Impaired physical and cognitive
development
• Productivity losses
• Problems of social inclusion
Economic losses (% of GDP)
• Global: 2-3%
• Ethiopia: 17%
• India: 2.5%
• Uganda: 6%
Source: Stein and Qaim 2007; AUC, NEPAD,
UNECA, WFP 2013; FAO 2013
Undernutrition is costly
But nutrition investments have high returns

6. 0
5
10
15
20
25
Percent
Achievable scenario, Undernourishment
Achievable scenario, Stunting
BAU scenario, Stunting
BAU scenario, Undernourishment
Prevalence of global undernourishment and stunting
under business as usual (BAU) and achievable scenarios
Source: Based on data from FAO 2013 and WDI 2013
5% residual
To end undernourishment and stunting by 2025, prevalence needs to decline by
• 7% annually for undernourishment
• 12% annually for stunting
What will it take to end hunger and
undernutrition by 2025?

7. The right strategies can speed up progress

8.  Agricultural growth enhances hunger reduction
• Increases household incomes and diversifies diets
• Reduces food prices to benefit poor net food buyers
• Creates employment; stimulates rural nonfarm economy
• Generates government revenues
 Subsectoral growth matters (e.g. small vs. large farms; staple vs. cash crops)
Source: Pauw and Thurlow 2010
 Whether subsectoral growth
reduces hunger depends on
• Its linkages with rest of economy
• Its initial size and geographic
concentration
• Its growth potential
• Market opportunities
Source: Fan and Brzeska 2012
Role of agricultural growth strategies
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
Maize Pulses &
oilseeds
Horticulture Livestock Export crops
Percent
Calorie deficiency-growth elasticities, Tanzania (2000-07)

9. Role of social protection strategies
0
5
10
15
20
25
Ecuador,
food
Ecuador,
cash
Ecuador,
vouchers
Uganda,
food
Uganda,
cash
% Change in caloric acquisition
Change in Food Consumption Score (FCS)
Impact of transfers relative to non-recipient
households in Ecuador and Uganda
Source: Hoddinott et al. 2013
Note: FCS is a frequency-weighted measures of food diversity
 Social safety nets promote growth by
• Building assets and protecting them from
shocks
• Reducing inequality
• Facilitating structural reform
• Increasing effective allocation of resources
 Effectiveness depends on proper
design and implementation
 Effective safety nets should have
• Clear objective
• Feasible means of targeting
• Reliable transfer mode
• Sound M&E system
• Transparency
Role of social protection strategies

10.  Acceleration of progress in nutrition requires
• Nutrition-specific interventions to address immediate causes
such as inadequate nutrient intake
 E.g. micronutrient supplementation
• Nutrition-sensitive programs to address underlying causes such as
inadequate access to healthcare and sanitation
 E.g. water and sanitation
 Nutrition-sensitive programs can serve as delivery
platforms for nutrition-specific interventions
• Increases scale, coverage, and effectiveness
Source: Bhutta et al. 2013; Ruel and Alderman 2013
Role of nutrition strategies

11. Approaches to ending hunger and
undernutrition by 2025
1. Promote country-led strategies and investments
2. Scale-up evidence-based policies and policy experiments
3. Facilitate knowledge sharing and transfer
4. Enhance role of the private sector
5. Support data revolution on hunger and undernutrition

12. Highlights from IFPRI’s 2020 Conference
 Resilience is about
• capabilities at all levels to predict, prevent, cope with, recover, and even prosper after shocks
• bridging gap between short-term relief and long-term development goals
• a systems way of thinking
 Effective measurement of resilience is crucial
 Multi-disciplinary, multi-actor approaches should be employed
 Mainstreaming resilience into research, programming, and
policies is a must
Resilience critical to end hunger and
undernutrition by 2025

13. End hunger and undernutrition by 2025
 For ethical and economic reasons
 Evidence from various countries suggests it is
realistic to pursue this goal
 BUT governments and donors must devote
sufficient resources and implement appropriate
policies

14. “It always seems impossible
until it's done”
- Nelson Mandela