3. Decreases risk factors, increases protective factors
Address all forms of drug use
Is tailored to the target population
Establish norms and expectations
Use cognitive-behavioral methods
Emphasize development of social, communication and
problem-solving skills
Increase self-efficacy and drug resistance skills
Take place at level of school, family or community
4. Family
◦ History of drug abuse and conflict
◦ Favorable attitudes towards problem behavior
School
◦ Academic failure
◦ Lack of commitment
Individual
◦ Antisocial behavior
◦ rebelliousness
Community
◦ Availability of drugs
http://drug-abuse-rehab.net
5. Individual
◦ Positive attitude
◦ Self-esteem
◦ autonomy
Family
◦ Secure attachments
◦ Lack of conflict
External
◦ support systems
6. Originally designed as a selective
prevention intervention
14 week program
Three parts
◦ Parent Training
◦ Child Training
◦ Family Training
Family communication/conflict
Build self-esteem and family
cohesion
7. 11 lessons in 7th
grade
3 lessons in 8th grade
Increase motivation
for healthy behaviors
Change social norms
surrounding use
8. Goal is community-wide change
Implemented over several years
5 phase program
◦ Needs assessment
◦ Risk factor inventory
◦ Multi-facet action plan
◦ Recruitment of community participation
◦ Continuous evaluation
9.
10. Successful programs use some element of
cognitive behavioral therapy
Interventions should be tailored to a community
Interventions should involve as many aspects of
the community as possible
There is insufficient data to draw conclusions
about prevention effects on adult health
Short term effects are promising
11. 1. Beets, M.W., Flay, B.R., Vuchinich, S., Snyder, F.J., Acock, A., Li, K., Burns, K., Washburn, I.J., &
Duriak, J., (2009).Use of a social and character development program to prevent
substance use, violent behaviors and sexual activity among elementary-school students
in Hawaii. American Journal of Public Health, 99(8), 1438-1445.
2. Communities That Care. (2008). CTC Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
http://www.sdrg.org/ctcresource/About_CTC_NEW.htm
3. Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Flint, K.H., Hawkins, J., Harris, W., Lowry, R., McManus, T.,
Chyen, D., Whittle, L., Lim, C., & Wechsler, H. (2011). Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance—United States, 2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 61 (4), 1
-160.
4. Ellickson, P.L., McCafferey, D.F., Ghosh-Dastidar, B., Longshor, D.L. (2003). New inroads in
preventing adolescent drug use: Results from a large-scale trial of project ALERT in
middle schools. American Journal of Public Health, 93(11), 1830-1836.
5. Ennett, S.T., Tobler, N.S., Ringwalt, C.L., Flewelling, R.L. (1994). How effective is drug abuse
resistance education? A meta-analysis of project DARE outcome evaluations. American Journal of Public
Health, 84(9) , 1394-1401.
6. Grant, J.D. , Scherrer, J.F., Lynskey M.T., Lyons, M.J., Eiesen, S.A., Tsuang, M.T., True, W.R., &
Bucholz, K.K. (2006). Adolescent alcohol use is a risk factor for adult alcohol and drug
dependence: evidence from a twin design. Psychological Medicine, 36 , 109-118.
7. Hawkins, J.D., & Catalano, R.F.(2003) Investing in Your Community’s Youth: An Introduction to
the Communities that Care System. Channing Bete Company Inc.
12. 8. Hawkins, J.D., Oesterele, S.O., Brown, E.C., Monahan, K.C., Abbott, R.D., Arthur, M.W.,
A&Catalano, R.F. (2012). Sustained decrease in risk exposure and youth problem
behaviors after installation of the Communities That Care prevention system in a
randomized trial. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine , 166(2), 141-148.
9. Kumpher, K.L. (1998). Selective prevention interventions: the Strengthening Families
program. In R. Ashery, E.B. Robertson & K.L. Kumpher (Eds.), Drug Abuse Prevention
Through Family Interventions (160-207). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
10. Mihalic, S., Fagan, A., Irwin, K., Ballard, D., & Elliott, D. (2004). Blueprints for Violence
Prevention. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention.
11. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2012). Prevention Benefits Exceed Its Cost and has
Sustained Effects. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-
notes/2012/07/prevention-system%E2%80%99s-benefits-exceed-cost-has-sustained-
effects.
Notas del editor
Individual characteristics (i.e., dispositional attributes of the individual that may have a strong genetic base), such as easy temperament, positive orientation, intelligence, self-esteem, autonomy, and sociability. . Family characteristics, such as secure attachments, lack of family conflict, and cohesive and warm family interactions that provide emotional support and affection. . External (environmental) support systems at school, work, or church that encourage and reinforce children’s coping strategies, reward individuals’ competencies and determination, and provide them with a sense of meaning and an internal locus of control.
“ Health behaviors for all youth and children start with healthy beliefs and clear standards in families, school, communities and peer groups, build bonding, attachement and commitment to families school communities and peer groups by providing opportunities, skills and recognition and by nurturing individual characteristics”
