The document discusses animal diversity and taxonomy. It covers the taxonomic groups from kingdom to species and provides examples. It also covers the six kingdoms and three domain system of classification. Several invertebrate phyla are described including their characteristics and examples. Trends in vertebrate evolution related to respiration, circulation, reproduction, brain structure, and digestion are summarized.

1. STS Biology Unit 8 Animal Diversity

3. Section 18-1 Flowchart Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Section 18-1

23. Section 28-3 Insects (73%) Noninsect arthropods (12%) Nonarthropod invertebrates (11%) Vertebrates (4%) Insect Diversity

24. Section 28-4

25. Section 26-1 Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Planes of symmetry Plane of symmetry Ventral side Dorsal side Posterior end Anterior end Body Symmetry

32. Section 30-1 The Generalized Structure of a Chordate Muscle Tail Anus Pharyngeal pouches Mouth Dorsal nerve cord Notochord

37. Section 30-3 Adult Frog Young Frog Fertilized Eggs Tadpoles Adults are typically ready to breed in about one to two years. Frog eggs are laid in water and undergo external fertilization. The eggs hatch into tadpoles a few days to several weeks later. Tadpoles gradually grow limbs, lose their tails and gills, and become meat-eaters as they develop into terrestrial adults. The Life Cycle of a Frog

46. Section 33-3 Double-Loop Circulatory System Single-Loop Circulatory System FISHES MOST REPTILES CROCODILIANS, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS The Circulatory Systems of Vertebrates

47. Salamander Lizard Pigeon Primate Nostrils, mouth, and throat Trachea Lung Air sac Vertebrate Lungs

50. Section 33-3 Esophagus Stomach Intestine Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Cloaca Crop Gizzard Cecum Rectum Shark Salamander Lizard Pigeon Cow The Digestive Systems of Vertebrates