Participatory design and older people
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Talk given to Edinburgh College of Art Design Informatics group on 7th November 2013. The talk focused on giving a very brief intro to participatory design, and then talked through three case studies of participatory design with older citizens.
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Participatory design and older people
- 1. Participatory Design with Older People John Vines 1 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 2. outline of talk What is meant by participatory and experience-centered design? Case study 1: Banking for Eighty Somethings Case study 2: Discovering assistive technology Case study 3: NetCarers Method reflections 2 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 3. what do I mean by participatory and experience-centred design? 3 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 4. a simple definition ‘Participatory Design (PD) represents [an] approach towards computer systems design in which the people destined to use the system play a critical role in designing it.’ - Schuler & Namioka, 1993, p.xi … but it is often a lot more complicated than this! 4 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 5. warning: terminological overload! The original term for Participatory Design use in Scandinavia in the 1970s-late 1980s co-operative design Participatory design (with a big P) participatory design (with a little p) co-design (collaborative design) co-creation 5 A view of end-user involvement in design to destabilise power structures and empower workers/users A view of end-user involvement in design to inform more approximately designed systems and provide grounded insight A balanced and integrative approach to broad stakeholder and user involvement in design As per co-design, but with core principle that all people (and not just designers) are creative and create their own systems www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 6. one time, in Scandinavia… Participatory Design Co-Operative Design a concern with the politics of system design no technology is ‘neutral’ dislocation and deskilling of workers exertion of the management's control over their workforce - Kensing & Blomberg, 1998 6 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 8. questioning and alternatives ‘we must use our curiosity and creativity to question solutions […] we must use the insight to help ordinary users raise similar questions to the specific technologies proposed to them. This is an agenda that has many levels – from questioning wellestablished human-computer interaction paradigms, via questioning IT strategies on a societal level, to helping users in particular organisations participate in technological development. The latter is what we often call participatory design, but I would claim that it does not come without the former.’ - Bødker, 2003, p.88 8 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 9. traditions and transcendence a fundamental tension in all ‘user-focused’ systems design is balancing an understanding and incorporation of existing traditions with providing opportunities for individuals to transcend and break existing boundaries - Ehn, 1989 9 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 10. more terms… Participatory Design Co-Operative Design Experience-Centered Design 10 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 18. ageing populations Ageing demographics - ‘Very’ old fastest growing age group worldwide By 2050, over 65s will outnumber all children under the age of 14 worldwide 1/7th of all UK government public spending is on pensions 18 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 19. the challenge for interaction and service design Most human-computer interaction and interaction design research on the topic of ageing focuses on age-related functional decline, OR on negative perceptions of ageing: - - - - - Memory Attention Visual acuity Dexterity Hearing - - - - Social Isolation Safety Risks Disease and Health Conditions - - - - - Fun Enjoyment Pleasure Valuing Expertise ? See: http://www.nngroup.com/reports/accessibility/beyond_ALT_text.pdf See: Vines et al. (in press – but I can send you an unpublished copy) 19 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 20. case study 1 banking for eighty somethings 20 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 22. Materiality of finances; record keeping; localism; sharing with those they trust... … pretty much all banking and payments policy in the UK goes against these values 22 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 23. questionable concepts a collection of cards provided to participants in a pack to take home with them after a workshop each card has a pictorial illustration of an idea – the idea relates to insights from the biographies or invisible design discussions the idea is ‘questionable’ – i.e., not entirely practical, feasible, and may in some respects go against the values of participants The card also includes a set of questions related to the ideas for participants to answer 23 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 28. questionable concepts “If this actually came to pass it would be just a way for the banks and financial institutions to make more money for the “fatcats” and the shareholders and to exploit the man in the street”- Rita, 83 ““hide it in code among telephone numbers in my diary.” - Agatha, 81 “I like the idea on the front of an iPad type wallet … But you could also, I feel, have a card that you could put into a computer or a screen and you would call up your accounts, and see them.” - Dolores, 81 28 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 30. case study 2 discovering assistive living technology 30 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 31. Great changes to healthcare provision in the United Kingdom and access to adaptations and aids: - including the way in which people can access information - and how people ‘pay’ for these devices and technologies 31 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 32. lived experience of pre assistive living consumer generated review site 32 A website that archives assistive products, gadgets and services for consumers to search and subsequently rate on predetermined scales, provide reviews and allow manufacturers and retailers to respond. www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 33. invisible design short films, usually a dialogue between two characters, about a new technology one of the characters is using used in group workshops to prompt discussion the technology is in the scene but never ‘seen’ (hence invisible) created to promote discussion about the experiences and context of use of the technology, and not physical qualities of the interface or system 33 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 36. lived experiences of discovering ALT mixed perceptions of where professional expertise lies resentment of advice using peers as sources of expertise dealing with a crisis of a body in transition – discovering what is out there to help you is also self-discovery 36 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 37. identifying needs, barriers and opportunities product postcards Pre-paid postcards packaged with products and services that ask owners to respond to a series of simple questions after a set period of time using their new purchase. vica voce Small simple recording devices to share spontaneous tips and recommendations occurring from word of mouth and fleeting conversations with friends and strangers. 37 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 39. Reduction in state funding for professional carers to visit peoples homes: - greater emphasis on “rewarding” volunteer carers who help people living in their community - how people ‘pay’ for these will also be changing – spending credits for care 39 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 41. experience design theatre Phase 1: Defining the ‘starting scenes’ Phase 2: Rehearsal workshops Phase 3: Performance development Phase 4: Voice validation workshop Phase 5: Public voice workshop 41 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 45. some references Bødker, S. 2003. A for Alternatives. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems . 15, 1, 87-89. Briggs, P., Mark Blythe, John Vines, Stephen Lindsay, Paul Dunphy, James Nicholson, David Green, Jim Kitson, Andrew Monk, and Patrick Olivier. 2012. Invisible design: exploring insights and ideas through ambiguous film scenarios. In Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 534-543. Ehn, P. 1989. Work oriented design of computer artefacts. Stockholm, Arbetslivscentrum. Ehn, P., and Kyng, M. 1992. Cardboard Computers: Mocking-it-up or Hands-on the Future. In: Design at Work . Lawrence Erlbaum, 169-196. Gaver, W., Mark Blythe, Andy Boucher, Nadine Jarvis, John Bowers, and Peter Wright. 2010. The prayer companion: openness and specificity, materiality and spirituality. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2055-2064. Gaver, W., Andy Boucher, John Bowers, Mark Blythe, Nadine Jarvis, David Cameron, Tobie Kerridge, Alex Wilkie, Robert Phillips, and Peter Wright. 2011. The photostroller: supporting diverse care home residents in engaging with the world. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1757-1766. 45 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 46. some references Lindsay, S., Katie Brittain, Daniel Jackson, Cassim Ladha, Karim Ladha, and Patrick Olivier. 2012. Empathy, participatory design and people with dementia. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 521-530. Lindsay, S., Daniel Jackson, Guy Schofield, and Patrick Olivier. 2012. Engaging older people using participatory design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). Kensing, F., and Madsen, K.H. 1991. Generating visions: Future workshops and metaphorical design. In J. Greenbaum & M. Kyng (eds.), Design at work: Cooperative design of computer systems. Hillsdale NJ US: Erlbaum Kensing, F., and Blomberg, J. 1998. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 7 (3-4), 167-185. Muller, M. J. 1991. PICTIVE—an exploration in participatory design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '91), Scott P. Robertson, Gary M. Olson, and Judith S. Olson (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 225-231. Muller, M J. 2002. Participatory design: the third space in HCI. In The human-computer interaction handbook, Julie A. Jacko and Andrew Sears (Eds.). L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, USA 1051-1068. Schuler, D., and Namioka, A. 1993. Participatory design: Principles and practices. Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey, USA. 46 www.johnvines.eu John Vines
- 47. some references Vines, J., Mark Blythe, Stephen Lindsay, Paul Dunphy, Andrew Monk, and Patrick Olivier. 2012. Questionable concepts: critique as resource for designing with eighty somethings. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1169-1178. Vines, J., Mark Blythe, Paul Dunphy, Vasillis Vlachokyriakos, Isaac Teece, Andrew Monk, and Patrick Olivier. 2012. Cheque mates: participatory design of digital payments with eighty somethings. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1189-1198. Vines, J., Mark Blythe, Paul Dunphy, and Andrew Monk. 2011. Eighty something: banking for the older old. In Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (BCS-HCI '11). British Computer Society, Swinton, UK, UK, 64-73. Wallace, J., Wright, P., McCarthy, J., Green, D., Thomas, J., and Olivier, P. A design-led inquiry into Personhood in Dementia. 2013. In proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’13), ACM, New York, NY, USA. 47 www.johnvines.eu John Vines