2. Reconstruction Bringing the South Back into the Union & Protecting Former Slaves

3. Wartime Reconstruction Plans

4. Reconstruction Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How do we integrate and protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction? “ Reconstruction ” refers to the era from 1865 to 1877 when the U.S. gov’t addressed bringing the South back into the Union after the Civil War & the treatment over former slaves in America

10. Andrew Johnson & Reconstruction (Johnson Video)

12. “ Malice towards none and charity for all” —Abraham Lincoln “ Every head of family in the United States should have one slave to take the drudgery and menial service off his family” —Andrew Johnson

15. Freedmen’s Bureau School Many former abolitionists moved South to help freedmen, called “carpetbaggers” by Southern Democrats

16. “ Plenty to eat & nothing to do” Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

19. Johnson’s “Swing Around the Circle” In the 1866 mid-term elections, Johnson toured the South trying to convince voters to elect Congressmen who would reject the 14 th Amendment The plan back-fired & Republicans won a 3-1 majority in both houses of Congress & gained control of every northern state

21. Created 5 military districts to enforce acts Created 5 military districts to enforce Reconstruction But, Radical Reconstruction was so dependent on massive & sustained federal aid that it was not adequate to enforce equality in the South… … and Johnson obstructed Republicans’ plans by removing sympathetic cabinet members & generals

23. The Johnson Impeachment & Senate Trial

24. Reconstructing Southern Society

27. Sharecropping Problem : families accumulated debt to the landowner before their crop was sold; This cyclical process led to mortgages on future crops ( crop lien system ) By the end of 1865, most freedmen had returned to work on the same plantations on which they were previously enslaved

30. Black & White Political Participation Black House & Senate Delegates “ Colored Rule in a Reconstructed South” Black Republicans were accused of corruption & lack of civility

32. Historically Black Colleges in the South

33. The “Reconstruction” Amendments

34. How effective was the U.S. in addressing these Reconstruction questions? 1. How to bring the South back into the Union? 2. How to rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How to integrate & protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction?