War of 1812

1. The War of 1812
p. 211-215

2. Early War
After Napoleon’s army is defeated in Russia, British turn
their efforts back to America.
Early failures on battlefield for Americans:
Detroit, Chicago (Fort Dearborn): defeated by Native
Tribes
Naval failures: counterattacks by British

3. Any Success?
Early success near Great Lakes
Took control of Lake Ontario & destruction of York
(Canadian capital); also Lake Erie
Led to another invasion of Canada through Detroit
W. H. Harrison: led US to victory in Battle of the Thames
in which Tecumseh died
Led to a weakening of the Native Americans in the NW
Territories

4. Andrew Jackson
Battle of Horseshoe Bend: 1814 near FL border
Jackson and his men slaughtered men, women, and
children of the Creek Tribe
Creeks ceded most of their land to the U.S. and moved
west
Jackson became a major general in the U.S. Army

5. Battles With British
August, 1814: British entered D.C. and set fire to several
public buildings
White House included
Retaliation for U.S. burning of Canadian capital
Low point for U.S. in war
British moved toward Baltimore, but Americans held them
off
Francis Scott Key: what did he do?

7. Francis Scott Key
The Defense of Fort McHenry
Mary Pickersgill
$405

8. Battle of New Orleans
Jackson, Tennesseans, Kentuckians, Creoles, blacks, pirates
& U.S. Army vs British
January, 1815
Americans BIG win!
British: 700 dead, 1,400 wounded, 500 imprisoned
Americans: 8 dead, 13 wounded
Battle of New Orleans LegoMation

9. The Problem:
THE PEACE TREATY HAD ALREADY BEEN SIGNED!
An unnecessary battle!
Andrew Jackson’s heroic status grows however…

10. New England Opposition
Federalists opposed war
Actually celebrated British success in some cases
Daniel Webster: led the Federalist opposition
Talk of secession again in 1814-1815

11. Hartford Convention
December 1814, New England states
Those who favored secession were the minority
7 amendments proposed to protect N.E. from the influence
of the south and west
Hartford Convention seemed irrelevant and in some cases,
treasonable
Death of the Federalists!

12. Treaty of Ghent
JQ Adams, Henry Clay, Albert Gallatin
Americans gave up demand for British renunciation of
impressment
Gave up the cession of Canada to the U.S.
British gave up their desire to have an Indian buffer state in
the Northwest
Signed in December, 1814 (BEFORE Battle of New
Orleans!!)

13. Rush-Bagot Agreement
Americans had right to trade freely with British
Mutual agreement in 1817 that provided for disarmament
on the Great Lakes

14. Indians
Treaty of Ghent required U.S. to restore the tribes the land
seized by Americans
Never enforced
A major blow for Native Americans to retain territory
Tecumseh dead, British gone
Native Americans less able to defend their land than ever