1. 대한공업교육학회 학술대회
(2011.8.27. 한국기술교육대)
TECHNOLOGY IN
NEPAL
by
Kul B. Basnet
Bang-Hee Kim
Jinsoo Kim
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2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
I
• STATUS OF EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY
II
• ORGANIZATION IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
III AND DEVELOPMENT
• CONCLUSION
IV
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3. TECHNOLOGY
Technology is organized knowledge for practical
purposes
(Mesthene, The role of technology in society, 1969)
A
method, process
Study of the
Applied for handling a
practical or
Science specific
Industrial arts
technical
problem
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4. Technology contd…..
• Technological knowledge is not a type of formal
knowledge similar to that associated with the
recognized academic disciplines.
• Technology makes use of formal knowledge, but its
application is interdisciplinary and specific to particular
activities.
• Technology includes important
normative, social, political, and ethical aspects, among
others.
• Technology is strongly associated with the application
of science to the solution of technical problems.
(Herschbach, D.R., Journal of Technology Education, Fall 1995)
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5. Technology contd….
• Technology – instructive – systematic treatment
of art ( or craft), combine art and
technique, technique involves the practical skills
of knowing and doing, more than abstract study
because of the emphasis on application or
doing, implies a high degree of intellectual
sophistication applied to the arts and
crafts, application of science(knowledge) to the
making and use of artifacts, knowledge can’t be
easily categorized and codified as in the case of
scientific knowledge
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6. TECHNOLOGY
Fresh Graduate
What matters
Experienced to employers
Professional
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7. Importance
Order of the Revolutionized
day communication
Minimizing
Change the way casualties and
we live reduction in
property loss
Maximize
Improved the
efficiency in
living standard
workplace
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8. Technology Education
• Learning by doing
Purpose
• Content (academic
discipline related to
industries and technology)
Philosophy • Method (form of
constructional activities)
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9. Four factors for unsatisfactory pace of
progress in developing countries:
1. High rate of illiteracy indicating a poor education
system and low employment
2. Limited use of human resources
3. Strong seniority system and centralization of
power
4. Mix-up of state laws and religious beliefs
Which blurs the vision for science and technology.
- Ahmed H. Zewail (Nobel Prize, 1999)
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10. NEPAL
Land
143,351 sqkm Water
3830 sqkm
Forest
• Hill & mountain • 29%
• River 4000
– 83% • Main
• Running length
• Flat – 17% source of
45,000 km
• Fresh water 2.27% of fuel and
world fodder
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11. Basic Facts
• Population - 29 millions
• Population growth rate – 2.24% per annum
• Ethnic groups – 101
• Languages – 92
• Per capita income - $427 (2009)
• Potential of hydro power, solar & wind energy
• Weak in infrastructure development
• Labor productivity is low
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12. STATUS OF E&T
• Before 1800 technology in civil engineering
and agriculture was self-sustaining and
comparable with advanced nations.
• Kathmandu valley is the living example of
technological history.
• Basic engineering concept of pagoda-style
temples origin is Nepal.
• Telemedicine
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13. EDUCATION SYSTEM
Existing SSR Plan
Primary (1-5) Basic education (1-8)
Lower-secondary (6-8) Secondary (9-12)
Secondary (9-10) After 8th pass
Higher secondary (11-12) Junior Technical - 2 yrs
After 10th pass Senior Technical – 4 yrs
TSLC – 15-18 month
Diploma – 3 yrs
Bachelor
Master
Bachelor
Ph. D.
Master
Ph.D.
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14. EDUCATIONAL DATA
Level Number of Public% Students Girls%
School Enrollments
Primary 27,532 77.3 4,502,697 47.4
Lower Secondary 8,471 67.8 1,374,796 45.7
Secondary 5,039 62.3 587,177 45.7
Higher Secondary 1,018 52.6 364,404 43.3
University Education 520 16.2 141,636 32.7
Source: Ministry of Education and Sports 2007
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15. ISSUE
• Research never becoming the university’s
priority in teaching in Nepal.
• Those who go for abroad study rarely return.
• Scientists/faculty members are not paid well.
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16. ORGANIZATION
Technology Transfer and Development
1. Ministry of Science and Technology – 1996
(apex body)
2. Nepal Academy of Science and Technology –
1982 (advisory policy making)
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17. Reality
• Non of the institution are working in the area of
information collection and advanced technology
• Learning tendency and mechanism of
organization is weak
• Lack of coordination between industry and
academia
• Technology transfer obsessed with hardware part
only
• Lack of modernization, dynamism and innovation
in industrial sector.
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18. CONCLUSION
• Make world a smaller place to live & easier, speed up
lives and tend to one step ahead
• Nepal should speed up transformation of higher
technology level and create strong linkage between
university or research centre/institute with industry.
• Industrial consultancy should be emphasized,
• Nepal government should create conducive
environment for industrial development and
technology transformation.
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19. THANK YOU
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