1. The Commonwealth Period
• The Fairfield Bill
– A compromise measure which provided for a long
transition period and many reservations of power
for the United States
– General McIntyre claimed to be the main creator
of this bill
– Its main supporters are the American
businessmen who have their investments in the
country
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

2. The Commonwealth Period
• Hare-Hawes-Cutting Bill
– The US passed this bill as a means of granting
Philippine independence
– A product of the OSROX mission (Osmena-Roxas)
– On October 17, 1933 the legislature, through the
concurrent resolution rejected the Hare-Hawes-
Cutting Bill
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

3. The Commonwealth Period
• Tydings-Mc Duffie Act
– This was the same as Hare-Hawes Cutting Bill
– This time it was Quezon and Quirino who went to
US to clamor for Philippine independence
– Approved on May 1, 1934
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

4. The 1935 Constitution
• Critics of the 1934 Constitutional Convention
particularly Jose P. Laurel claimed that the
1935 constitution is invalid for we don’t need
any other country’s approval for our own
constitution
• The 1935 constitution was approved by then
President of America, Franklin Delano
Roosevelt
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

5. Commonwealth Act 1
• The National Defense Act
• Requiring all 21 year old able-bodied male
citizens to render 5 and ½ months of military
service through regular military force or
through reserve force
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

6. Sakdalista Uprising
• In May 1935 approximately 65000 Filipino
peasants headed by Benigno Ramos
surrounded Manila to dramatize their
demands for genuine agrarian reform,
abolition of unfair taxes, government policy
against land grabbing and total independence
from Americans
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

7. The Commonwealth Period
• Manuel L. Quezon – the Father of Social Justice
• Rafael Palma – appointed as chairman of National
Council of Education in 1936
• Sergio Osmena – head of the Department of
Education, the first time a Filipino assumed this
position
Commonwealth Act No. 570
• Declaring Tagalog as the basis of National
Language
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

8. *The Philippines Under the Japanese
Puppet Government*
• Corregidor
– the tadpole shaped defensive fort of three square
miles of island at the mouth of Manila Bay
– had three supporting islands
• Caballo
• Carabao
• El Fraile
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

9. War in the Pacific
• July 26, 1941 – USAFFE (United States Army Forces in the Far East)
was founded
• December 8, 1941 – the following news were received in Corregidor
– Japanese carrier forces strikes Pearl Harbor
– Thailand surrendered to Japanese troops
– The Battle of the Philippines begins: Japanese bombers blast Clark
Field, 60 miles north of Manila
• December 9, 1941
– Malaya invaded and Guam captured
– Japanese make initial landings in the Philippines, striking the beaches
of Vigan, Ilocos Sur and Apari on the North
• December 22, 1941
– The Japanese advancing forces made their major landings at Lingayen,
Pangasinan
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

10. *The Philippines Under the Japanese
Puppet Government*
Military Order No. 2
• February 17, 1942
• Promoting the Filipino culture, spiritual
enrichment among the Filipino families,
propagation of Japanese Language –
Nipponggo and the Implementation of
Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere
• Public school were reopened June 1942
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

11. *The Philippines Under the Japanese
Puppet Government*
Mariveles Masacre
• April 9, 1942 – General Edward P. King,
Commander of Allied Forces in Bataan
composed of 78000 soldiers, surrendered
• April 10, 1942 – The Death March – the
soldiers walked from Mariveles Bataan to San
Fernando Pampanga
• May 6, 1942 – Corregidor fell to the advancing
Japanese troops
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

12. *The Philippines Under the Japanese
Puppet Government*
Economic Conditions
• Mickey Mouse Money – the currency used
during the Japanese era
• Malnutrition was rampant
• Kangkong became a common food to fight
hunger
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8

13. *The Philippines Under the Japanese
Puppet Government*
Reconquering Manila
• February 3, 1945 – the American soldiers
together with their Filipino comrades were within
15 miles of Manila
• August 6, 1945 – Hiroshima was bombed
• August 9, 1945 – Nagasaki was bombed
• September 2, 1945 – Emperor Hirohito of Japan
had accepted the unconditional surrender
offered by the allied forces and the war in the
Asia Pacific was over
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution Week 8