Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent

Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent
Adnan Syed's Innocence
When one is guilty, it means that he or she is "culpable of or responsible for a specified
wrongdoing" or, "having committed an offense, crime, violation, or wrong, especially against moral
or penal law; justly subject to a certain accusation or penalty." If someone is charged as guilty, they
have broken a law or performed an unjust or immoral act to deserve punishment. However, this does
not mean that through reasonable suspicion that an individual can be determined as guilty. It means
that "a defendant is innocent until proven guilty. In other words, the prosecution must prove, beyond
a reasonable doubt, each essential element of the crime charged." In other words, a particular person
must be proven guilty of a crime through proof and evidence. In the story provided by Serial, Sarah
Koenig narrates the case of the murder of Hae Min Lee. Seventeen years ago, on January 13, Hae
Min Lee, a senior at Woodlawn High School, was reported missing. Weeks later, her body is found
and the cause of her death was determined to be manual strangulation. Her ex–boyfriend, Adnan
Musud Syed, was convicted of her murder and sentenced to life plus thirty years in prison. The case
against him was mainly based on the story of one witness, Jay Wilds. Now, past reporter and
journalist, Sarah Koenig is reopening this case to find out what really happened. Through
documents, police interrogations, testimonies, and interviews, she collects evidence to look for the
answer.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

President Of Csea 's A Productive Labor Management Meeting
Tami Castelluccio, President of CSEA had a productive labor management meeting with Assistant
Superintendent Rogenski and Director of Classified HR Nancy Gamache. CSEA shared a survey
they would like to send to Unit 3 members to get feedback and to use in meetings with the Special
Education department. Friday, September 30th was staff development which was a day of learning
and camaraderie for the classified staff. Ms. Castelluccio noted that CSEA is working to get out the
vote for Proposition 55. Ann Katzburg, President of SRVEA shared that SRVEA's focus has been on
hate and intolerance and Ms. Katzburg attended a conference with that focus. Last week SRVEA
held a community engagement meeting with community leaders. Ms. Katzburg ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many schools have denied and opted out of cell towers on their sites as they do not believe it is safe
for their students. Carrie Nevis reviewed a federal government report which was released in May of
2016 from the National Toxicology Program. To date it is the largest study done and while
inconclusive and requires more research, it does state there is something going on regarding radio
frequency fields. Ms. Nevis suggests we place the cell tower in another location where it will not
impact children and community members. Aric Gurovith is a resident of Danville and has 2
daughters in the District, he feels since we do not have a 100% guarantee that there will be no long
term effects, the District should not take the chance. Mary Beedle noted that according to
information she has read there was some analysis done previously where three schools were
identified and Cal High was chosen at that time for a cell tower. She would like to know why there
is a need for another cell tower and who is identifying the need. She would also like to know if the
need is identified by Verizon, why their map shows the highest coverage possible in the San Ramon
Valley. She noted there is currently a cell tower in the commercial district of downtown Danville.
She would like to know the sources the Board used previously to help make their decision on the
safety of a cell tower, and she

Essay on Firefly Lab Report
The effect of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) on bioluminescence in fireflies.
Introduction
Adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP, is the supply of energy found in every cell that we need
in order to do essentially everything (Anonymous, 2008). It is an energy source for biochemical
reactions such as muscle contraction, active transport, molecular synthesis, and in fireflies, also
known as lightening bugs, bioluminescence (Biology Book). Bioluminescence is the process in
which living organisms convert chemical energy into light (Branchini, 2008). In the fireflies case the
reaction involves the enzyme luciferase which lights up a lantern–like mechanism under the tip the
wings and attached to the end of the body of the firefly. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Results were observed and recorded.
At station 3, the control Petri dish was left alone and the experimental Petri dish was heated in a hot
water bath for 60 second using a clamp to hold it in place. The experimental Petri dish was removed
from the hot water bath. Two drops of ATP solution was added with a pipette to both the control and
the experimental Petri dish. Results were recorded. At station 4 a pipette was used to add two drops
of ATP to both the experimental and controlled Petri dishes. The pipette was used to deliver several
drops of sodium chloride solution to the experimental Petri dish. Results were observed and
recorded.
Results In station 1 when the acid was added to the experimental Petri dish the bioluminescence of
the powdered firefly lantern started to dim and once the base was added the lantern began to
brighten up again. The controlled Petri dish remained bright during all four of the experiments. The
results are as shown in Table 1. In station 2 after the experimental Petri dish was taken out of the
fridge and ATP was added the powdered firefly lantern did glow but at a very dim level. The results
are as shown in Table 1. In station 3 after the experimental Petri dish was taken out of the hot water
bath and two drops of ATP were added no bioluminescence reaction occurred at all in the powdered
firefly lantern and

Titration Of Hcl Lab Report
For this experiment, a series of strong acid–strong base titrations were performed to determine the
unknown solution concentration of HCl. KHP was first titrated with NaOH in order to create a
standardized solution of NaOH. This solution was used to titrate a known volume of the unknown 1
HCl solution. The results were then used to determine the exact concentration of the original HCl
sample. One thing that could be changed during this lab is to use a more neutralized sample of
deionized water. Throughout the rinsing process of the pH probe, the deionized water's pH reading
would be more basic instead of neutral. Therefore, when testing the pH of the analyte, the results
were slightly basic rather than having a pH of zero. This could have resulted in the pH of the
solutions being slightly off when it came to the LabQuest readings.
The volumes of NaOH titrated at the endpoint and equivalence point related to one another
throughout the experiment. The volume was always greater at the endpoint than at the equivalence
point. For the titration of HCl and NaOH, the amount of NaOH added at the endpoint was 9.00 mL
and the 2nd derivative curve amount was 9.033 mL. Throughout Trial 2 and titrations of KHP and
NaOH, this same trend was seen. The most accurate volume amount of NaOH was determined by
looking at the equivalence point. This is the point where all of the H+ was neutralized by OH–. The
endpoint is where the indicator, phenolphthalein, changed color based on pH. The color

Mobile Phones : The Negative Effects Of Cell Phone
In 2011, the IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer, said that the radiation of the cell
phone you use every day could be cancerous and have long–term effects. Although, the negative
effects of cell phones are dangerous and possibly deadly they are also not actually scientifically
proven. The negative effects aren't proven because there isn't any actual evidence to support them.
Negative effects aside, there are still many advantages to cell phones. Nowadays, cell phones carry
music, games, social media apps and communication resources that make life entertaining and easy.
Cellular phones have grown into society as a way for us to stay connected with loved ones, friends
and even strangers, but cell phones can be very addictive in ways which can affect your brain and
cause cancer. The cellular phone was first invented in the 19th century and is still used to this day.
The purpose of the phone is to be able to communicate with people in different areas, regions and
countries. This is shown when the author says, "The telephone first appeared in the late 19th century
as a largely mechanical device and continued to develop throughout the 20th century based
primarily on analog electronics." This means that, the cell phone has developed during time, going
from a small pocket device with an antenna and a beeper to a touchscreen mp3 player, videogame
console, web searcher, camera, calculator and communication device. In the modern age a cell
phone is almost a "requirement" since everyone from ages 10+ have one sticking out of their
pockets. While it is a "requirement" it is also a luxury, because of how some companies modernize
their inventions and add many new features some people can only afford the old, simple ones or
can't even afford one at all. Don't you ever just sit and wonder how people lived before the cell
phone even existed? How they communicated from different places or what they did for fun?
Nowadays people can barely live without their phones and is considered a punishment for many
kids in their households if they don't follow instructions or are bad. Well, that's what brings out such
beauty to the invention! The many advantages the cell phone provides us with is incredible,
especially how

Positive Uses Of Cell Phones
Paragraph 2: (Background of Invention) The cellular phone was first invented in the 19th century
and is still used to this day. The purpose of the phone is to be able to communicate with people in
different areas, regions and countries. This is shown when the author says, "The telephone first
appeared in the late 19th century as a largely mechanical device and continued to develop
throughout the 20th century based primarily on analog electronics." This means that, the cell phone
has developed during time, going from a small pocket device with an antenna and a beeper to a
touchscreen mp3 player, videogame console, web searcher, camera, calculator and communication
device. In the modern age a cell phone is almost a "requirement" since everyone from ages 10+ have
one sticking out of their pockets. While it is a "requirement" it is also a luxury, because of how some
companies modernize their inventions and add many new features some people can only afford the
old, simple ones or can't even afford one at all. Paragraph 3: (Positive Effects) Don't you ever just sit
and wonder how people lived before the cell phone even existed? How they communicated from
different places or what they did for fun? Nowadays people can barely live without their phones and
is considered a punishment for many kids in their households if they don't follow instructions or are
bad. Well, that's what brings out such beauty to the invention! The many advantages the cell phone
provides us with is

The Depth Of The River Affect Its Overall Ph From Mid July...
Question: Does the depth of the river affect its overall pH from mid december 2015– to early
january 2016?
Knowledge Probe: According to.epa.gov/acidrain/measure/pH.html, pH is a measure of the
hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. Solutions with a high concentration of hydrogen ions have
a low pH and solutions with a low concentrations of H+ ions have a high pH. A pH of 7 is the most
neutral you can get and 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. each level is 10 times
more basic/ acidic than the previous level, for example a pH of 8 is 10 times more basic than 7, and
a pH of 9 is 100 times more basic than 7. when an acidic substance reacts with a basic substance
they counter each other like mixing hot and cold water. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The blue bar grapH below it shows the pH of each of the 12 trial collected. The table below
compares the depth in inches to the pH directly, and the average of each is at the bottom of the table.
Data Analysis: On trial 5 something interesting happened where it did not match the trend of other
data points. you can see this when comparing the depth to pH with the grapHs; for example trial 1's
depth and pH is lower than trial 2's depth and pH, and trial 2's depth and pH is lower than trial 3's
depth and pH etc. that sort of trend is fluent through the data except trial 5 where depth was lower
than the previous trials but the pH was the highest collected. My data is accurate to a point but when
collecting the depth of the river it presented a challenge to get 100% accurate because it is
constantly changing; also the pH scale only measures to the hundredth of a digit. The pH Scales
calibration could also have been of slightly but all of my trials were collected under the same
calibration so it does not seem to present a change in trend but instead with the actual numbers.
Claim: When the depth on the Looking Glass river was higher it had a higher pH in late december
2015 to early January 2016.
Data Supporting Claim: When analysing my data you can clearly see that when the

The Effects Of Radio Frequency Waves On Health
Introduction
With cell phone usage increasing, many individuals have become concerned about the health effects
of radiation from cell phones and cell phone towers. In recent years, various studies have been
conducted to determine whether the radio frequency waves from cell phone towers have a
detrimental effect on health. Current research has yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects
of radio frequency waves, and while the World Health Organization does not view radio frequency
waves as serious risk, more research needs to be done in order to be certain (USDA, 2009). In this
paper I will be addressing the following scenario (Case 4):
A mobile phone base station was installed near a neighborhood in order to provide a better service
coverage in 2008. Over the past 5 years, the local residents complained of headache, memory loss,
dizziness, tremors, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. They are concerned that the station
has caused neuropsychiatric problems and some changes in the performance of neurobehavioral
functions. They are more worried about their children, as a few cases of leukemia and brain tumor
have been found in young children (aged 1–3) since then.
In an effort to address the issue of radio frequency radiation exposure in this community, we will
provide a background on the sources of radio frequency radiation as well as the known and
suspected health effects. We will also proposed two epidemiological studies and discuss risk
management and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cellphone
Information Technology (IT) always being referred to a technology used to make our live better,
neither in data processing, communicating, advertising, entertainment nor others. We used IT in our
daily live, starting at the very early morning until the very late night. IT has become part and parcel
of our live. Nowadays, the hand held device that is one of the most common thing relatable to IT, it
is fascinating to understand the benefits and the drawbacks for users. Before a hand held device or
cellphone become a common thing to mankind, people use other ways to communicate. Some use
letter or snail mail, telegram, or they send a person to convey the message to another person in a
different place. Back then, to make a meeting arrangement, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The information will allow student to process and be more advanced in seeing things. There is no
doubt, mobile phone is more common things that help to facilitate student to seek information.
There is "google" rather than dictionary or encyclopedia. Student has better understanding because
nowadays the information might available not just in writing, but in animation where pictures and
colors to help them remembers. Mobile phones allows the education to be completed in more
interactive ways, in example

How Do Cell Phones Affect Dna
Cell phones operate with radio frequencies, the cell phones use a lot from the waves
and the waves help. Cell phones do not emit ionizing radiation, the type that damages DNA. The
celluar technology Does works on a system geographically its seperated zones are called cells.
Majority of the cells have its own base station that both and it receivs and it also emits the radio
waves. When the call is then placed from the cell phone and then the signal is sent from
the cell phones antenna to one of the cell's base station called the antenna. Once the base
station transfers the calls to the switiching center the call is then transferred to
another cell phone. Once one of the RF channel is modulated one of the radio signals are then

Mobile Phone Exposure And Carcinogenesis Essay
Mobile phone exposure and carcinogenesis
Brain cancer is the most frightening hazard of mobile phone use. The International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) classified RF fields as "possibly carcinogenic to humans," in 2002 in
spite of limited evidence from human and animal studies (IARC, 2002).
The relation between mobile phone radiation exposure and cancer are justified. Muscat et al. (2000)
showed that a relationship exists between mobile phone use and meningioma or glioma. A meta–
analysis conducted by Swedish researchers and published in the International Journal of Oncology,
pointed out to a significant correlation between long–term use of mobile phones and brain tumors
(Hardell et al. 2011). They found that both malignant and benign tumors were linked to the chronic
exposure to cell phone radiation and suggested that mobile phones were not safe for long–term use.
In 2011, after taking the opinions of 30 experts from 14 countries, the World Health Organization
(WHO) categorized mobile phone radiation as a potential Group 2B carcinogen and officially
advised consumers to limit their use (IARC, 2011; Baan et al., 2011). This suggests that mobile
phone radiation may have a carcinogenic effect. Recently, Howlader et al. (2013) reported that
mobile phone use raises the risk of brain cancer. Several possible pathways of carcinogenesis have
been suggested. As we have discussed, the plasma membrane may be a target of RF–EMW. RF–
EMW may act on various enzymes and

Directional Receiver Design For Interference Management
1. Introduction A Macrocell user operating in the same band as femtocell users may cause
unacceptably high interference levels, if it is close to the femtocell base station supporting the
aforementioned femtocell users, and far away from its own macrocell base station. Additionally, the
fact that femtocells can be deployed in an ad hoc fashion anywhere within a macrocell, and can be
removed as easily, adds to the critical importance of interference management. Notwithstanding the
importance of this issue, the concerns listed above renders jointly optimal design of the two
networks impractical due to the complexity and overhead associated with a large dynamic network.
Consequently, a computationally manageable yet effective interference management strategy is
needed. Interference management has been an important design element for multiuser systems in the
past two decades. Judicious receiver design for interference limited systems, e.g., CDMA, and
multiuser MIMO, proves useful for interference cancellation [3]. In addition to multiuser detection,
transmit power control [4], and joint design of transmitters and receivers [5], [6] offer interference
mitigation needed in interference limited systems. We note that while our approach does not involve
explicit frequency partitioning between the tiers, i.e., relies solely on the space dimensions, allowing
for greater flexibility, it is possible to have our scheme accompany a frequency partitioning scheme
and increase the number

Chemical Reactions
Chemistry
"Chemical Reaction and the PH Scale" Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People have
always known that they exist. The Ancient Greeks were the firsts to speculate on the composition of
matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter. As you might
imagine, it's useful to be able to measure the acidity of solutions. Scientists have come up with the
pH scale for determining the concentration of acid in a solution so we can distinguish between
solutions with varying acidity. A Chemical reaction is the outcome of two or more elements together
results in the formation of a chemical bond between atoms and compound. Chemicals react together
due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The PH Scale which is a diagram that is used to show the different measurements of water. In
general is important to know how the pH scale works because it determines whether or not a liquid
is acidic or

Career Episode : India Bsc ( Base Station Controller )...
CAREER EPISODE – 1
MTNL India BSC (Base Station Controller) traffic migration
CE 1.1 Introduction:–
Duration : Jan 2008 – June 2008
Geographic Location : Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited, Connaught Place, New Delhi, India
Position Held : Engineering Student (College project)
In final year of my bachelor's degree I got the opportunity to work with MTNL (Indian
Government's owned telecom company) on BSC (Base Station Controller) migration as part of
training and project. The migration involved both the circuit switched as well as packet switched
part.
MTNL was set up by the Government of India to upgrade the quality of telecom services, expand
the telecom network, and introduce new services and to raise revenue for telecom development
needs of Indias key metros with services ranging from 2G, 3G, LTE to high speed broadband
services.
CE 1.2 Background and Nature of the Work:
CE 1.2.1 Introduction:
As a telecommunication engineering student I studied and came to know that there are two basic
technologies in mobile phones on which our wireless network is based on. These are: CDMA (Code
Division Multiple Access ) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications).
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for
transmitting mobile voice and data services.
My project of migrating call traffic of BSC was based on GSM technology. After getting familiar
with the

An Experiment On Synthesized Luminol
Abstract: In this experiment we synthesized luminol with the objective to demonstrate the process of
using a stating material, converting it into a product and using it for a reaction. 5–nitro–2, 3–
dihydrophthalazine–1, 4–dione was used as our starting material which then underwent through the
process of refluxing and vacuuming to retrieve the luminol. In order to achieve chemilumenescence,
two stock solute ions were made with sodium hydroxide, potassium ferricyanide and hydrogen
peroxide and mixed respectively in a dark room in order to observe an emitted blue light.
Introduction: The chemiluminescence of luminol was recently first discovered by a German chemist
by the name of H.O. Albrecth. He found that blood enhanced the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this experiment, various processes such as refluxing help synthesize luminol. Refluxing is the
process boiling a solution and condensing the vapor by cooling it simultaneously through the
attached jacketed condenser that contains a water in/water out outlets. . Experimental: To initiate the
experiment, 5–nitro–2, 3– dihydrophthalazine–1,4–dione (0.15g, 0.96mmol) was weighed out and
added to a (5.00 mL) conical vial. Into the same vial, NaOH (2.00 mL, 3.00M in H2O) was added
until a brown red solution was formed. Sodium hydrosulfite (0.25g, 1.45mol) was added after. A
reflux apparatus (with water in/water out lines attached and water flowing through the system) was
assembled attaching the conical vial. The conical vial rested on an aluminum block and hot plate
ready to be refluxed for 5 minutes. The temperature read 250°C after it had completely refluxed.
Once the solution was refluxed for 5 minutes, it was then cooled for 5 minutes to room temperature
with the addition of acetic acid and [acetic acid to quench (add H2)]. After the addition of acetic
acid, the solution turned yellow and formed a precipitate. The solution was placed on ice for 10
minutes. Once the solution had been cooled, the solution went through a vacuum filtration until the
precipitate was completely dried. The precipitate recovered is the luminol, which was used as the

Lack Of Indoor Coverage And Low Data Rates
different approach to the existing problems of lack of indoor coverage and low data rates.
Femtocells are fully featured, short range mobile phone base stations used to complement mobile
phone services from larger macrocell towers. These range from very compact residential femtocells
to larger equipment used inside offices or public spaces. They offer excellent mobile phone coverage
and data speeds at all the places. Femtocells have been developed for 3G and also the newer
4G/LTE radio technologies.
III. DEFINITION OF A FEMTOCELL
Femtocells, also known as 'home base stations', are small low power cellular network access points
that connect standard 3GPP devices to a mobile operator's network using residential Digital
Subscriber Line ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although there are certain issues to be handled but still the following major advantages can be
listed: a) compensates for poor cellular coverage inside the homes or small enterprise. b) Provides
plug and play feature thus providing the user with ease of installation and usage. c) Compact
structure, that is the Femtocell is actually the UTRAN in a box and offers all services through
existing broadband internet connection. d) Voice and data calls takes place through the secure IP–
Sec Tunnel thus offering good quality of encryption and helps in securing the data. e) Helps in
offloading the macro traffic and cell phones automatically switch over to the Femtocell coverage
when in range. f) Femtocells are compatible with all 3GPP handheld devices and help improve the
data speed and coverage in the areas where there are slow speeds and poor coverage. g) Femtocells
can not only work efficiently with the existing network infrastructure by extending the cellular
macro network but also can serve as primary network if sufficient number of Femtocells are
provided in the region thus reducing the number of macrocells reducing equipment cost and
complexity
IV. SMALL CELL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The lab setup of Small Cell Management System along with its Network Element (NE) is as shown
in Fig 1. SCMS consists of Wireless management system (WMS), FileServer (FS), Home device
manager (HDM) and Network

Vinegar Lab Report
How Much Acetic Acid Is in Vinegar?
The chemical makeup of certain acids and bases that are not managed reacted properly can be
harmful and a result of improperly measured acids and bases. This could have a negative effect on
humans pertaining to different liquids that could be consumed or physically hazardous to the body.
However, due to decades of research in the department of science, it can be confirmed that ideas like
the HSAB Principle and the Lewis Principle help categorize acids and bases between being harmful
or not and secondarily help humans be more cautious, according to professor Tse–Lok Ho.1
However, experimental these measurements can be specified and determined through titrations.
According to Jakub Ederer and other researchers, titrations have quick and determinable results and
do not require a lot of money and are commonly used for acids.2 The Lab Manual provides an
experiment that includes a titration to determine the moles of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in a specific
amount of vinegar.3 To follow through with this experiment, the acid–base reaction has a known
molar concentration of NaOH solution that reacts with an unknown molar concentration of acetic
acid to make water and NaC2H3O2, resulting in a titration. Before the initial trial titration, a
thorough cleaning procedure of the buret and materials was necessary to ensure there is no
contamination of other chemicals or solutions. The buret was washed out with soap, tap water, and
distilled water with no

Classification Of Poisons And Its Effects On The Nervous...
AMITY INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH
Name: – Sanchari Dasgupta Enrolment No.: – A5905914014 Programme: – B.Sc (Hons) Forensic
science Batch: – 2014–17 Title of summer assignment: – Classification of poisons Goal for the first
week: – Introduction of the topic Goal for the second week: – Write in brief about corrosive poisons
and non–metallic irritant poison Goal for the third week: – Write in brief about metallic irritant
poisons Goal for the fourth week: – Write about poisons having vegetable and animal origin Goal
for the fifth week: – Write about poisons acting on the nervous system FIRST WEEK'S WORK
POISONS INTRODUCTION Poisons are substances those are most likely to cause harm to a
person. It can also be defined as a substance which has the potent of causing illness or death of a
living organism when introduced to the body or absorbed. It has a tendency to cause physical or
chemical mutations in the body which may be curable or incurable depending on the type of poison
used. It causes harm by physical or chemical changes in the human body. Poisons with high level of
toxicity may be dangerous on consuming once and can also be life threatening. Few poisons which
are less toxic are often used as slow poisons. Absolutely anything could be a poison, because
everything is good but nothing in excess is. Poisons are those substances

The Impact of Cell Phone Radiation on Our Health
Cell phones represent a type of technology that has been around for more than over fifty years; it has
only been recently that many people began to use cell phones as a major part of their everyday life.
In the past cell phones were for business people to conduct their business, but in today's society
every one owns a cell phone. Cell phones are interesting, useful and also play a major role in our
life's bringing people closer and keeping in touch with one another. Most people do not know and
understand the physics of a cell phone. Cell phones are also known as cellular phone, hand phone,
and commonly known as a mobile phone. A cell phone is an electric device that can make and
receive calls, over and automatic repeat request (radio link ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
High frequency to
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––> Long wave
length
Electromagnetic Spectrum:
Radio Waves:
How they are made:
Radio waves are made by a range of transmitter, depending on its wavelengths. They are also given
off by stars, sparks and lightening that is why you can hear interference on your radio while in a
thunderstorm.
Uses:
Radio waves are the lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum, and are mainly used for
communications with others.
Dangers:
Large doses of radio waves are believed to be dangerous it can cause you cancer, leukaemia and
many other dangerous and fatal disorders which can cause you death. Some people have said that
the very low frequency field from overhead power cables near their homes has affected their health.
Cell phone antennae are not directional. Waves transmit in all directions, including your body
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be
detected by) the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible
light or simply light. http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/electromagnetic_spectrum.htm
Report: For cell phones are not dangerous?
Cell phones expose us to a form of electromagnetic called radio frequency energy.

Method For Determining Leachability Toxicity...
6.4.11 Method for Determining Leachability
 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
Reference: USEPA Method 1311
Apparatus:
1. Agitation apparatus: The agitation apparatus must be capable of rotating the extraction vessel in
an end–over–end fashion at 30 ±2 rpm.
2. Extraction vessels: Jars or bottles with sufficient capacity to hold the sample and extraction fluid.
Two liter normal capacity bottles are recommended. The vessel type is determined by the analysis of
interest.
3. Filtration devices
4. Filter holders: Any filter holder, which meets all of the following requirements. Capable of
supporting a 0.6 to 0.8 µm glass fiber filter membranes. Has a minimum internal volume of 300 ml
(1.5 L recommended) can hold a filter of minimum size 47 mm in diameter (142 mm filter diameter
recommended). Positive pressure filtration units capable of exerting pressures of 350 KPa or more
which are commonly called "Hazardous Waste Filtration Units".
5. NOTE: If the leachate is to be analyzed for metals, the filter must be prewashed with 1 M nitric
acid, rinsed with double distilled water (DDW) and dried before use. Acid washed filters may also
be used for other non–volatile extracts.
6. pH meter: Calibrated to within ± 0.05 pH units at 25°C.
Reagents
All reagents should be of recognized analytical reagent grade.
1. Nitric Acid, 1M
2. Hydrochloric Acid, 1M

3. Sodium Hydroxide, 1M
4. Glacial Acetic Acid
Extraction Fluid
Extraction fluid No 1: Add 5.7 ml of

Cellular Wireless With Unlimited Numbers Of Base Station...
Summary of "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas"
EE –584–Wireless Systems Security XIAN ZHANG Email: xzhang84@stevens.edu Fundamental
ideas and Issues paper addresses 1 Core ideas 1 2 Core ideas 2 3 Potential applications & future
opportunities created by the technology 4 Reference 5 Summary of Fundamental Ideas and Issues
Addresses The paper I read is "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base
Station Antennas" written by Thomas L. Marzetta. This paper was published in IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 9, NO.11, NOVEMBER 2010.
The pilot signal is a direct sequence spread spectrum signal continuously sending by the base
station. It makes the base station could send data in the forward–link and demodulate cell phone
signals in the reverse–link. The pilot signal is known as confessed, like 000000 or 111111. In
frequency re–use technology, we divide the space into several cells. Due to the same or correlated
pilot sequence re–use in contiguous cells, the base station will inadvertently send data to terminals
in other cells or collect and combine reverse–link signals from terminals in other cells when
processing. This is called pilot contamination. In this paper, the author mainly talk about the
environment of multi–user(MIMO) operation with an infinite number antennas in the base station.
He thinks that in this

Unknown Weak Acid Lab Report
The purpose of experiment ten was to collect data on an unknown weak acid by watching and
measuring the weak acid being neutralized. This was done by using a Vernier Probe and using the
data to figure out the identity of the unknown acid. A weak acid will have a strong conjugate base.
The pKa of a weak acid can be taken from the – log (ka) or by using pH. To find the pKa using the
graph of the pH in the experiment the equivalence point was found and ½ of this point is the pKa of
the unknown weak acid. To determine the molar mass of the unknown acid the moles of base has to
be determined along with the mass of the acid (Westfield, n.a). The equivalence point needed to
determine the pKa is the point of the titration curve where the pH begins

Acid-Base Titration Lab
The purpose of the Acid–Base Titration Lab was to determine the concentration of sodium
hydroxide by titration against a standard solution. A titration is a laboratory method used to
determine the concentration of an acid or a base in a solution by performing a neutralization reaction
with a standard solution. It detects the equivalence point between the acid and base where they
neutralize each other. The materials used in this procedure were HCL solution, water, ring stand,
burette, burette clamp, unknown concentration of NaOH, phenolphthalein, erlenmeyer flask, and
graduated cylinder. To start the procedure, obtain a burette, and rinse the burette with water and
check if the burette is able to release the solution. Next the ring stand must ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Trial two started with 0 mL of NaOH and ended at 17.3 mL. On trial three NaOH started at 0 mL
and it ended at 21.5 mL. The molarity of HCL was 0.1 M and its volume was 20 mL. The average of
sodium hydroxide used was 19 mL. Using the dilution equation, 0.1 M of hydrochloric acid
multiplied by 20 mL of hydrochloric acid is 2. Taking 2 divided by 19 mL of sodium hydroxide
gives 0.105 M as the molarity for NaOH. The calculated unknown molarity of NaOH was 0.105 M.
This compares to the known theoretical molarity of NaOH which was 0.1 M. The molarity of
sodium hydroxide from the experiment is close to its theoretical hydroxide meaning the results of
the experiment were accurate. The final volumes of NaOH were also close to each other therefore
the results were both accurate and precise. Hydrochloric acid is an example of an strong acid and
sodium hydroxide is an example of a strong base. When a strong acid and a strong base react, the
neutralize each other. Carrying out a titration between a strong acid and a strong base is done to find
the equivalence point. The point at which chemically equal amounts of the acid and base have been
mixed and neutralized each other. Neutralization between a strong acid and base such as HCl and
NaOH will result in a solution with a pH of 7.0. If the final solution does not have a pH of 7.0 errors
that might have occurred include misjudging of color indicator, using a contaminated

Tracking and Positioning of Mobile Systems in...
ABSTRACT
Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research, for emergency as well as
for commercial services. Mobile positioning in cellular networks will provide several services such
as, locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is
originated, and methods to predict the user movement inside a region. The evolution to location–
dependent services and applications in wireless systems continues to require the development of
more accurate and reliable mobile positioning technologies. The major challenge to accurate
location estimation is in creating techniques that yield acceptable performance when the direct path
from the transmitter to the receiver is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.1 ARCHITECTURE OF A GEOLOCATION SYSTEM
An example of geolocation system architecture [KOS00] is shown in Figure. As we said earlier, in
order to fix a call the subscriber we are calling must be located accurately. A geolocation service
provider provides location information and location aware services to subscribers. Upon a request
from a subscriber for location information about an MS, the service provider will contact a location
control center querying it for the coordinates of the MS. This subscriber could be a commercial
subscriber desiring to track a mobile device or a PSAP trying to answer an E–911 call. The location
control center will gather information required to compute the MS's location. This information could
be parameters such as received signal strength, BTS ID, TOA of signals, and so on that we discuss
later. Depending on past information about the MS, a set of BS's could be used to page the MS, and
directly or indirectly obtain the location parameters. These are sometimes called Geolocation base
stations (GBSs). Once this information is collected, the location control center can determine the
location of the mobile with certain accuracy and convey this information to the service provider. The
service provider will then use this information to visually display the MS's location to the
subscriber. Sometimes the subscriber could be the MS itself, in which case the messaging and

Is The Three To-One Blend Of Methylchloro Isothiazolinone
CMIT/MIT: The three–to–one blend of methylchloro–isothiazolinone (CMIT) and
methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is commonly used as a biocide in polymer dispersions. CMIT/MIT is a
broad–spectrum biocide that works between 3–9 pH. The mode of action for the CMIT/MIT is that
it reacts with the cell proteins causing the inhibition of respiration and ATP synthesis (PCIMAG).
Isothiazolones first mechanism which is performed in minutes is the swift inhibition of growth and
metabolism. This is then tailed by loss of viability due to irreversible cell damage which happens in
a matter of hours. Inhibition occurs by disrupting the metabolic pathways involving dehydrogenase
enzymes. Microbes are quickly inhibited due to the inhibition of critical physiological functions
including growth, respiration, and energy generation (adenosine triphosphate synthesis). Cell death
results in the destruction of protein thiols and production of free radicals. Compounds such as
surfactants can enhance and speed up the rate of inhibition and death. (Williams, 2007)
The interaction of isothiazolone biocides with microbial cells proceeds via several sequential
reactions. Initially, a biocide molecule reacts with a thiol group to form a disulphide linkage with the
biocide. This structure then interacts with a second thiol group to establish a new disulphide linkage.
Following this, the cell releases the biocide as a mercaptoacrylamide. The mercaptoacrylamide
derivative of CMIT tautomerizes to a thioacyl chloride under physiological conditions. The thioacyl
chloride is highly reactive and proceeds to interact with other cell macromolecules. The ability of
CMIT to degrade to a thioacyl chloride might account for it's much greater antimicrobial activity
when compared to BIT or MIT. (Daniel, 1997)
Barman did a study on the first–order rate constant and half–life values for the degradation of MIT
(Kathon 886 MW) and a MIT/CMIT (Kathon MWC) Mixture. These consist of 2–methyl–4–
isothiazolin–3–one and its chlorinated counterpart, 5–chloro–2–methyl–4–isothiazolin–3–one. At
100–fold more effective, the chlorinated counterpart is considered to be the active and require
concentrations 100–fold less than MIT. In fact, at very low concentrations of just 2–20 ppm

Bromopropane And Potassium Hydroxide Lab Report
The purposes of this experiment were to model a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction
between potassium hydroxide (KOH) with 1–bromopropane and determine whether it follows a
second–order rate law mechanism. A rate constant of 0.0684 M–1 min–1 was obtained for this
reaction at 45.1°C, which was determined through equilibrating the reaction and performing
titrations of 0.390 M KOH with 0.1000 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). The activation energy calculated
from class data was 50.188 kJ/mol, which deviated largely from the literature range value of 72.80–
83.76 kJ/mol. It was concluded that the reaction was consistent with the predicted SN2 mechanism,
based on the regression of a trendline.
Many reactions that exist in nature involve a double displacement between ions and reactants with
solvents. A bimolecular nucleophilic substitution, or SN2 reaction, involves a nucleophilic attack on
a substrate and the departure of a leaving group. A nucleophile is a compound or ion that donates
electrons to promote bond formation (Caldwell, 1984). In order for a leaving group in a compound
to leave, it must possess the characteristics of a weak base and be able to occupy electrons. Several
factors affect the rate and favorability of such reaction, such as (Bateman, 1940). In addition, the
substrate that is attacked by the nucleophile is commonly an unhindered primary substrate to allow
the reaction to occur quicker. An SN2 reaction follows the second–order rate law. In this

Mobility Based Intrusion Detection Solution
MOBILITY–BASED INTRUSION DETECTION SOLUTION THAT IS BASED ON SPATIO–
TEMPORAL INFORMATION Anju R. Fule Anju.fule@gmail PG Dept. of CSE, SGBAU, Amravati
Prof. V.M. Thakare vilthakare@yahoo.co.in PG Dept. of CSE, SGBAU, Amravati Abstract: Most of
the works on mobile devices security have focused on physical aspects and/or access control, which
do not protect the private data on a stolen device that is in the post authentication state.Mobility–
based intrusion detection solution that is based on spatio–temporal information and trajectory
analysis enabling a detection of an attack in 15 minutes with 81% accuracy. The simple data
structure used to represent user model (2– and 3–dimension matrix), allows efficient lookup–based
attack detection. Developed a system to automatically generate mobility models and detect
behavioral anomalies. Keywords– IDS, SPATIO–TEMPORAL,Anomalies INTRODUCTION:.
Mobile phones are ubiquitous and are used for email, text messages, navigation, education, and as a
payment tool. Consequently, mobile devices carry a lot of personal data and, if stolen, that data can
be more important than the loss of the device. Most of the works on mobile devices security have
focused on physical aspects and/or access control, which do not protect the private data on a stolen
device that is in the post authentication state. Mobile devices have evolved and experienced a
greatsuccess over the last few years . Such devicesare capable of performing sophisticated tasks

Advantages And Disadvantages Of 5g Mobile Architecture
This article presents an architecture vision to address the challenges placed on 5G mobile networks.
A two layer architecture is proposed, consisting of a radio network and a network cloud. Three main
concepts are integrated; ultra–dense small cell deployments on licensed and unlicensed spectrum,
NFV and SDN and intelligent use of network data. This article proposes a novel 5G mobile network
architecture that accommodates the evolution of communication types, end–user behaviour, and
technology, trends in end–user and technology that motivate the challenges of 5G network and
articulation of a 5G mobile network architecture. There are 6 challenges of 5G mobile networks;
higher capacity, higher data rate, lower E2E latency, massive device connectivity, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A radio network has different types of base stations and RRUs performing a set of L1/L2 functions
while a network cloud has a U–plane entity (UPE) and a C–plane entity (CPE).This architecture will
simplifies the network and facilitates quick, flexible deployment and management. Network clouds
allow resource pooling, reducing overprovisioning and underutilization of network resources. By
employing SDN and NFV, CPE and UPE functions in the network cloud can be deployed quickly,
orchestrated and scaled on demand. Resources within data centre can be quickly shifted to support
popular applications. A cloud infrastructure provides flexibility with respect to the available raw
processing capacity. Parts of the platform can be rented out to third parties. With virtualization, NAS
and AS protocol can be integrated into a single protocol, removing redundant functionality.
Functionalities provided by different RAN and CN protocols can be merged. A single U–plane entity
can provide radio transport services and gateway functionalities.

Microburst Executive Summary
MicroBurst Solutions is a rapidly growing startup company that designs and manufactures personal
computers. MicroBurst is an international company with four physical locations in Chicago, USA;
Shanghai, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Paris, France. In addition, MicroBurst owns a profitable
webcenter with an increase in sales of 246% in the last quarter alone. The mission of MicroBurst is
to deliver compact personal computing technology to solve the needs of businesses and individuals,
whether they are on the road or in their offices. MicroBurst offers cutting edge technology in both
the desktop and laptop personal computer markets. MicroBurst's mission is evident in its
commitment to compact, powerful computing devices serving several different

Energy Efficient Wireless Network For Green Radio Project
Energy Efficient Architectures and Key Techniques to Enable Energy Efficient Wireless Network in
green radio project
Abstract:
Technical innovations changed every day life as fast and profoundly as the massive use of personal
mobile communications. With rapid increase of modern communications networks, problems like
emission of CO2 and energy consumption has emerged which have a potential adverse impact upon
the environment and their operating energy costs are also increasing. Since 2006, data traffic on
mobile networks has been increasing at a rate of approximately 300% and is expected to grow even
at much faster rate. This has forced the researchers to address how to design future wireless
networks which can reduce the energy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2007, analyst Gartner reported that ICT sector share about 2% in carbon emissions. It might
appear small at first sight but the overall footprint of the whole ICT sector is expected to double
between 2007 and 2020. Mobile data traffic is going to increase dramatically in the next 5 years and
one of the main reason is increase in mobile video traffic. In developing countries, electricity
connections may not be directly available. So, for example, Vodafone uses extra 1 million gallons of
gas per day to provide power their network. The above example gives us an idea of how the energy
is consumed by the information technology. They are increasing energy costs with larger base
station site densities which leads to increase in energy price. Many companies have decided to
reduce carbon emissions, for example Vodafone has set a target to reduce it CO2 emissions by
approximately 50% by 2020. From an operators perspective, lowering of operating expenditure is
possible with reduce in energy consumption. 3% of world wide energy is used by the Information
and Communication architecture which is causing 2% of world wide CO2 emmission. The main key
reason behind the development of mobile VCE green radio program is to reduce carbon emissions
(CO2) and Reduction in operating expenditure for wireless cellular networks. The challenge of
energy reduction should be achieved without compromise in the quality of service which is
experienced by the

Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction
What is an Acid–Base Neutralization Reaction? Acid–base neutralization reactions are ubiquitous,
yet they play an immense role in various contexts of life. For instance, they help maintain
homeostasis in the biological systems and regulate the conditions of soil in agriculture. In general,
neutralization reactions required two reactants: an acid and a base, which combine to form water and
a salt. A neutralization reaction is a "reaction between an acid and a base" (Burdge 365). In this case,
the acid is often an Arrhenius acid–a substance that ionizes in water to produce protons (H+), while
the base is often an Arrhenius base–a substance that ionizes in water to produce hydroxide ions
(OH–). A neutralization reaction between an acid and a base typically occurs in an aqueous
environment in which all the reactants are dissolved in water. The products of a neutralization
reaction are water, which is formed from the protons (H+) of the acid and the hydroxide ions (OH–)
of the base, and a salt, which is "an ionic compound made up of the cation from the base and the
anion from an acid" (Burdge 365). A simple example of a neutralization reaction is the reaction
between aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Hydrochloric
acid donates its protons (H+), and sodium hydroxide donates its hydroxide ions (OH–) to form
liquid water. Then, the remaining chloride ions (Cl–) from hydrochloric acid combines with the
sodium cations (Na+) to produce the aqueous

How Can Sodium Hydrochloric Acid And Burette Be Washed By...
1. Safety goggles and gloves were put on.
2. Three beakers and funnel should be washed by water. Burette was rinsed by sodium hydroxide
solution and pipette was cleaned by hydrochloric acid solution. Retort stand was set up and the
white sheet of paper should be placed under the burette where the beaker was put on to easily realize
the colour changes.
3. Two beakers were labeled as acid and base for each one of them. Then they were brought to the
teacher and filled it up by sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The funnel was put on the top of
the burette then the sodium hydroxide was poured up to the line of number 0. Made sure that the
stopcock was closed while pouring sodium hydroxide into the burette.
4. 10 mL of hydrochloric acid was

Mobile Phone Advantages And Disadvantages Essay
Introduction A cell phone is a gadget in telecommunication that uses radio waves over a region of
network. A cell station at a fixed location serves the purpose of connecting cellphones wireless
transmission for calls, landlines, and internet access (Furht & Ahson, 2016). The cellular phone
identifies as a mobile application in the network structure comprising of SIM card and equipment
assigning the telephone digits. The cellular phones are evolving, from the two– way radio to the
current pocket–size device. Initially, phones were bulky thus lacking portability and only served in
making calls. However, with the advancement in technological uses, the phone has almost similar
features of a computer. As stated by Joshi (2016), the additional ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The influence of social life or technology evolution may lead to the disagreement among family
members especially the teenagers who pester their parents to buy the cell phones for them probably
because other kids have them. Almost every use of a cell involves incurring some expense which
means that even after a parent buys the gadget he/she will have to provide the extra costs, which
they feel is not necessary. The result may be a strained relationship between the father and the child.
Storage of personal data in a mobile phone may lead to unauthorized access. Every technological
advancement has its backside. For instance, if one loses their cell phone either by misplacing it or
theft, whoever finds it may get to see the information. Alternatively, one may become a crime target
because of the nature of information that is on their gadgets. In the recent past, the features of
phones have advanced such that they almost work like computers, where data storage is one of the
systems in this progress. Sometimes, colleagues and friends handle each other's phones where one
may decide to check out another's cell features. In case the individual looks into private media such
as photos or videos, it leads to a row between them. Cell phones contribute to the rise in car
accidents due to distracted drivers and pedestrians Research indicates that a person who uses their
phone while driving has the same impairment in vision and alertness as another with a 0.80%

The Importance Of Essentia Water
Water. It is one thing that every person on earth relies on to live. Its essential to all living things in
order to survive. Humans would only be last to last days without it. It is crucial to our diet and our
health. In fact, there are many different kinds of water. There are different types of water for
example, alkaline, tap, spring, natural, filtered and the list could go on. But water is water, right?
Wrong, not all water is the same. In fact different brands of water that we are so used to drinking can
actually be harmful for and our bodies. With the type of things that we consume in our world today,
our body lives in an acidic environment. In these types of environments bacteria, cancer and other
harmful things can form and grow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is created in Essentia's special process. It is what sets Essentia apart from any other water is
their proprietary ionization process. This process removes bitter–tasting acidic ions, creating a more
hydrating, more crisp and clean smooth taste of 9.5 pH or higher alkaline. According to a study done
by Journal of the International Society of sports and nutrition, they showed Essentia to rehydrate
better than the leading water bottle. (Essentia Water, n.d).
One thing Essentia Water is known for is their "Essentia Process". Its not just filtered water or spring
water thats bottle at the source. They have a process and is what makes them different than any other
type of water out there. According to the company itself, their process starts with their three part
purification process involving,
"Micro–filtration which filters out heavy metals and contaminants followed by reverse osmosis
which filters everything remaining and lastly, UV sanitation which destroys microorganisms and
bacteria.There is no chlorine, fluoride, metals, contaminants, or minerals in the water following the
purification process. The water is 99.9% pure. The purified water is then infused with the perfect
blend of pure alkaline electrolytes (for taste) like calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium
bicarbonate) in trace amounts. Finally, our proprietary ionization process supercharges the water,
removing bitter–tasting acidic ions, producing an

Using A Warrant Should Not Be Allowed Essay
Many cases have been brought to court and are continuing to be brought that say location tracking
without a warrant should not be allowed. The argument most often used is that it is a violation of the
right to privacy. A warrant is not the only way to obtain these records nor should it be. There are
valid reasons that data can be obtained through other methods. The issue is across many platforms of
digital communication but the most prominent and easiest to explain is with cell phones. The use of
historical location tracking data is not a violation of privacy, in fact there is no right to privacy as
most understand the term.
We are tracked almost constantly as participants of todays interconnected world. Every time we
connect to the internet whether it be using a desktop, laptop, tablet, or smart phone that connection
and the traffic passed is tracked. Even the infotainment systems in our cars such as the Onstar
system available in some General Motors vehicles is capable of tracking and in turn reporting out
locations. The IP address of the device used and the addresses connected to are tracked. If location
services are turned on as many applications require to function, then that is tracked as well.
Companies collect this information for many reasons with a major one being to sell targeted ads to
us based on where we are and what we normally do. This is something we agree to as part of the
user agreements as often if it is not agreed to the application will not work or at

Research Aspects Of Water Quality
Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Report
The purpose of this investigation is to research aspects of water quality such as guidelines for water
quality, water quality parameters, contaminants that effect water quality, water quality tests and
catchment area influences. Samples from the Dee River, from above and below the former Mount
Morgan mine site, will be tested and compared in terms of pH level, conductivity and water
hardness. The links that exist between pH levels and water hardness will also be investigated. These
three variables have dramatic influences on the water quality of the Dee River which will be
discussed throughout the investigation.
1.2 Water Quality
Water is a fundamental resource which is essential to human life ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Water quality protects and maintains public health, provides stable habitats for ecosystems, plays a
major role in the agriculture and mining industries and contributes to recreation and tourism.
Because water is not pure, except in its vapour form, it is affected by a range of different parameters.
For example, agriculture, urban, recreation, industrial uses can alter the quality as well as the
modification of natural stream flows by man–made infrastructure and the weather, in particular the
wrath of droughts.
Water is generally at a higher quality higher in the river, the best water quality is typically found in
the headwaters. The quality often declines as rivers flow through regions where land and water use
are intense and where pollution from industry increases.
1.2.1 Water Hardness
Water hardness is typically known as the amount of minerals present in an aqueous solution. It
specifically looks at the amounts of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. Hard water
generally has high levels of dissolved minerals whilst soft water has low levels.
According to South East Water, the general guidelines classifications for soft water is 0 to 60 mg/L
(milligrams per litre) of

Difference Between Gsm And CDMA
Difference between GSM AND CDMA .
This term paper is a comparison (difference) between two technologies which brought revolution in
the field of mobile communication i.e GSM and CDMA . Firstly in the term paper , history of both
of these technologies , GSM and CDMA is introduced along with their brief terminology . After the
history construction , working and its application is discussed and compared . Finally the main
difference in both the technologies i.e GSM and CDMA is summarized to complete the term paper .
CDMA and GSM are the two types of technologies or way used in cell phones for transmitting the
digital signal over the air . CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access as from the name it is
clear that in this technologies the radio frequency are divided so that multiple user can access the
same wireless spectrum . GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication as from the
name it is clear that
History of GSM and CDMA . ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1982 Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study group named Groupe
Spécial Mobile this is the place were GSM begins . Seven year later it was ETSI (European
Telecommunication Standards Institute) , who takes the responsibility to develop GSM in 1989 .
Finally ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) published the phase – 1
specification of GSM in 1991 . It was a revolution in mobile communication , in just 2 years GSM
claimed near about 37 distinct networks which spreads over 22 nation

Radio Techniques For A Efficient Wireless Network
Radio Techniques to enable energy– efficient wireless network
Pramod Kumar Rapolu Vikas Reddy Bontha
SIU #853243613 SIU#853245274
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Abstract–In the recent times, researches show that all wireless networks are not energy–efficient
than what we expect to be, especially the base stations through which the terminal access takes
place. In order to overcome and solve this problem Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (VCE) has
performed a project named Green Project in the year 2009 and the main aim of this project is to
overcome all the problems and to develop a process which is going to save energy in future wireless
systems. This paper deals with the technical parts of the project and details several other current
energy consumption models in the base station devices. This article also provides some good ideas
in reduction of the energy consumption for the future radio base stations which helps to reduce the
burden on the network providers.
INTRODUCTION
In the recent days there is rapid growth in the mobile telephony or mobile users that leads to the
higher–data– rate mobile broadband and increased services of information technology which in turn
consumes overall energy usage of the world. It is our main objective to reduce the energy
consumption of radio access networks. For example, a mobile network in UK consumes
approximately

Cell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives Essay
Gone are the days when cell telephones were considered as extravagance thing to have with. The
developing rivalry in portable makers has brought down the costs of cellular telephones to that
degree that these days, purchasing a cell telephone is not a major ordeal. Simply spend a couple
bucks and you are pleased proprietor of a cell telephone. In today 's opportunity, it 's elusive a man
who does not possess a cellular telephone. The little contraption is an essential need of life. In any
case, why everybody labels the cellular telephones as essential need of life? What is the significance
of cell telephones in our lives? Here is the answer. Simple Way of Communication What the cell
telephones are implied for? Better believe it, you addressed it a good fit for correspondence. So the
above all else part that cell telephones play in our lives is that they give us a simple and quick
method for correspondence. Go wherever you need, at whatever point you need; your cellular
telephone will stay you associated with all. Got an imperative message for your companion/relative?
Simply send moment SMS or summon straight and make your vital message contact the proposed
individual in the blink of an eye. Straightforward! Web Access and Social Media The Internet is one
of the greatest gifts to man by innovation. One just can 't envision the existence without the Internet.
Everybody likes/needs to stay associated with the Internet constantly. Because of the cell telephones
that make

Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

Similar a Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent

Similar a Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent (15)

Más de Liz Sims

Más de Liz Sims (20)

Último

Último (20)

Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent