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[object Object],Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases National Immunization Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Revised December 2004
Note to presenters: Images of vaccine-preventable diseases are available from the Immunization Action Coalition website at  http://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/index.asp
Tetanus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clostridium tetani ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tetanus Pathogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tetanus Clinical Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neonatal Tetanus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tetanus Complications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tetanus Wound Management * Yes, if >10 years since last dose ** Yes, if >5 years since last dose Vaccination History Unknown or <3 doses 3+ doses Td TIG Yes No No* No Td TIG Yes Yes No** No Clean, minor wounds All other wounds
Tetanus Epidemiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tetanus—United States, 1947-2002
Tetanus—United States, 1980-2002
Tetanus—United States, 1980-2002 Age Distribution
Age Distribution of  Reported Tetanus Cases,  1991-1995 and 1996-2000
Tetanus—1998-2000 Injuries and Conditions Data available for 129 of 130 reported cases. Source: MMWR 2003;52(SS-3):1-12
DTaP, DT, and Td DTaP, DT Td (adult) Diphtheria 7-8 Lf units 2 Lf units Tetanus 5-12.5 Lf units 5 Lf units Pertussis vaccine and pediatric DT used through age 6 years.  Adult Td for children 7 years of age and older.
Tetanus Toxoid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Routine DTaP Primary Vaccination Schedule Dose Primary 1 Primary 2 Primary 3 Primary 4 Age 2 months 4 months 6 months 15-18 months Interval   --- 4 wks 4 wks 6 mos
Children Who Receive DT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Routine DTaP Schedule Children <7 years of age ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Booster Doses
Routine Td Schedule Unvaccinated Persons  > 7 Years of Age Booster dose every 10 years Dose Primary 1 Primary 2 Primary 3 Interval --- 4 wks 6-12 mos
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adverse Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Contraindications and Precautions ,[object Object],[object Object]
National Immunization Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Tetanus toxoid epidemiology prevention

  • 1.
  • 2. Note to presenters: Images of vaccine-preventable diseases are available from the Immunization Action Coalition website at http://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/index.asp
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Tetanus Wound Management * Yes, if >10 years since last dose ** Yes, if >5 years since last dose Vaccination History Unknown or <3 doses 3+ doses Td TIG Yes No No* No Td TIG Yes Yes No** No Clean, minor wounds All other wounds
  • 10.
  • 14. Age Distribution of Reported Tetanus Cases, 1991-1995 and 1996-2000
  • 15. Tetanus—1998-2000 Injuries and Conditions Data available for 129 of 130 reported cases. Source: MMWR 2003;52(SS-3):1-12
  • 16. DTaP, DT, and Td DTaP, DT Td (adult) Diphtheria 7-8 Lf units 2 Lf units Tetanus 5-12.5 Lf units 5 Lf units Pertussis vaccine and pediatric DT used through age 6 years. Adult Td for children 7 years of age and older.
  • 17.
  • 18. Routine DTaP Primary Vaccination Schedule Dose Primary 1 Primary 2 Primary 3 Primary 4 Age 2 months 4 months 6 months 15-18 months Interval --- 4 wks 4 wks 6 mos
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Routine Td Schedule Unvaccinated Persons > 7 Years of Age Booster dose every 10 years Dose Primary 1 Primary 2 Primary 3 Interval --- 4 wks 6-12 mos
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.

Notas del editor

  1. The age distribution of reported tetanus cases shifted to a younger age group in 1995-1997, due primarily to the contribution cases in California. Many of these cases were young Hispanic men who developed tetanus as a result of injection drug use, particularly heroin.
  2. 1995-1997 is the most recent summary of tetanus cases reported in the U.S.
  3. Recommendation from the 1991 DTP ACIP statement