There are three key differences when examining materials at the nanoscale compared to the macroscale. First, properties like optical and electrical behavior can change as quantum mechanical effects dominate over classical physics. Second, higher surface area to volume ratios impact characteristics like reactivity. Third, random molecular motion plays a more significant role. Understanding these phenomena is essential for developing new nanotechnologies and manipulating nanoscale properties.

1. Unique Properties at the Nanoscale The Science Behind Nanotechnology