1) New York City grew rapidly in the late 19th century due to economic and population growth, becoming the most populous city in the US. 2) Jacob Riis documented the squalid living conditions of immigrants in tenement housing in his landmark book "How the Other Half Lives," bringing attention to reforms needed. 3) In the 1920s, New York City became the focal point of American culture as a cosmopolitan melting pot, though the Great Depression soon followed.

1. American Urbanization & New York City HIST 141 Summer 2011 By: Le Thi My Ho

2. Sunshine and Shadow1865-1898 New York Years To Remember: The “Gilded Age” - Era of Rapid Economic And Population Growth In The United States During The Post-Civil War and Post-Reconstruction Eras of The Late 19th Century Greater New York: Combined Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx and Staten Island into a Single Massive Metropolis New York Was Considered Both At The Same Time Concentration of Wealth – Sunshine Concentration of Poverty – Shadow Central Park Skyscrapers Telegraph, Steel, Oil, Railroad Wall Street Brooklyn Bridge – Took 7 Years To Build

3. Sunshine And Shadow William “Boss” Tweed April 3, 1823 – April 12, 1878 The "Boss" of Tammany Hall, The Democratic Party Political Machine That Played a Major Role In The Politics Of 19th Century New York City And State Third-largest Landowner in New York City, Director Of The Erie Railway, The Tenth National Bank, and the New-York Printing Company, as well as Proprietor Of The Metropolitan Hotel Elected To The United States House Of Representatives in 1852, The New York County Board Of Supervisors In 1858, the Year He Became The "Grand Sachem" Of Tammany Hall and To The New York State Senate In 1867 Convicted For Stealing An Amount Estimated By An Aldermen's Committee In 1877 Between $25 Million and $45 Million From New York City Taxpayers Through Political Corruption,Later EstimatedRange As High As $200 Million Got Attacked And Exposed To The Public By Thomas Nast

8. Jazz Started – Best Music The Country Has Ever Produced; European Composer Says “This Is The Most Exciting Music Being Made Today”

9. “Melting Pot”

10. Everyone Can Buy Cars and Stocks On Credit

11. Wealth Of Country Bound To Increase Due To The Increase On ConsumptionHarlem Emerged As The Undisputed Capital Of The African- American

13. CosmopolisF. Scott Fitzgerald September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940 American Author Of Novels and Short Stories, Whose Works Are The Paradigm Writings Of The Jazz Age Wrote The Famous Novel “The Great Gatsby” Married To Zelda Sayre And Had One Child, Frances Scott “Scottie” Fitzgerald Fitzgerald Had Been An Alcoholic Since His College Days, And Became Notorious During The 1920s For His Extraordinarily Heavy Drinking, Leaving Him In Poor Health By The Late 1930s Fitzgerald Had Died Of A Massive Heart Attack

14. “A Merger That Puts New York On Top” The Merger Of The World's Leading Internet Company With The World's Leading Media-entertainment Company - AOL Time Warner New York Had Two Advantages: The Location Of Its Port And Its Growing Capital Markets Erie Canal, Which Positioned New York To Control The Exports Of The U.S. Hinterland To Europe “Triangle Trade," Which Allowed New York's Commercial Interests To Control The Cotton Trade Between The South And England In The Late 19th And Early 20th Centuries, The Discovery Of Electricity, The Invention Of The Telephone, Motion Pictures, Wireless Radio And Television Solidified New York's Economic Hegemony New York's Most Remarkable Qualities Has Been Its Ability To Capture Economic Gains From Commercial Developments That Began In Other Regions All Three Of New York's Great Philanthropic Foundations:The Ford Foundation, The Rockefeller Foundation And The Carnegie Corp.Were Created With Money From Fortunes Made Outside New York

15. The Great Transatlantic Migration Between 1870 To 1920, The United States Was Transformed From An Agrarian Society Into An Urban One With Over 23 Million Transatlantic Immigrants The Mechanization Of Agriculture, The Creation Of A National Transportation System, And The Growth Of Industry Laid The Foundation For Big Cities; The Arrival Of Millions Of Immigrants Provided Much Of Their Population What Eventually Emerged, However, Was A Blend Of Native Traditions And Foreign Influences That Gave America's Urban Landscape And Its People Their Distinctive Stamp Transatlantic Migration Was Simply The Extension Of An Old Practice Of Traveling Within Europe In Search Of Economic Opportunity For Every Three Immigrants Coming To The Americas, At Least One Returned, Either Unable To Find Satisfactory Work Or Else Bringing Earnings Home To Sustain The Family Or To Invest In Land Or A Business

16. The Great Transatlantic Migration From The Early Nineteenth Century To World War II, The United States Received Over Three-fifths Of All The Immigrants Europe Sent Overseas, More People Than All Other Nations Combined The Origin Of The American "Melting Pot," For Without One Group Dominating The Immigrant Ranks, Immigrants Were More Likely To Mix With Other Groups And With The Native-born Population, And To Contribute To A Common American Culture Anti-immigrant Agitation Led To A Harshly Restrictive Quota Law Of 1924, Which, Along With The Great Depression, Slowed The Flow Of European Newcomers

17. The Great Transatlantic Migration Migration Can Be Seen As The "Central Theme For A History Of The American People . . . More Lasting, For Settlers Were Emigrants Before They Settled And Migration Has More Than The Wilderness To Do With American Character And Institutions." Components Of Transatlantic Migration: Traveled For Various Timespans A Harvest Season Or Construction Job, A Year Or Two, Or A Lifetime Over Various Distances The Neighborhood, The Home Province, Within Their Country, Across National Boundaries But Within Europe, Or Across The Oceans Various Reasons New Land, New Jobs, New Freedoms, And So On