ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
Summer Institute 2012: A Roadway Wind/Solar Hybrid Power Generation and Distribution System
1. A Roadway Wind/Solar Hybrid Power
Generation and Distribution System:
towards energy-plus roadways
Mo Zhao
Academic Advisor: Dr. Anuj Sharma
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
2. Transportation Energy Consumption
• Transportation sector consumes about 28% of total energy
consumed by all sectors in the United States.
• 378 million gallons of gasoline are consumed in U.S. every
day.
• In U.S., only 3% of energy consumed in transportation sector
is from renewable energy source.
• Transportation sector consumes more than 600 million kWh
electric powers every month in 2010.
Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC.
3. Transportation Energy Consumption
In the city of Lincoln
• 418 signalized intersections under its jurisdiction. The total
electricity consumption at these intersections is nearly
92,500 kWh per month.
• Electricity expenditure is 5% of the city’s traffic operating
budget.
• The electricity price charged by local utility, LES, usually
changes once per year.
• The annual inflation rate for utility prices in Lincoln is around
2.5 to 3%. This utility price can inflate by as much as 17% if
the Cap and Trade gets approved for the US.
4. Green Transportation
• Green vehicles
1 million electric vehicles on the road in the U.S. by
2015.
• Green fuels
Reduce the carbon content of the fuels by 15% below
the 2005 level by 2030.
• Intelligent transportation system
public transit
As traffic engineers, optimize traffic operation…
5. • Innovative concept : To use the public right-of-way and roadway
infrastructure as a source for energy production, storage, and distribution.
6. RHPS: Towards Energy-Plus Roadways
• The Roadway Wind/Solar Hybrid Power Generation and
Distribution System (RHPS)can be installed on the
transportation infrastructure along the roadways.
• Electrical power consumed by traffic control systems
and others on roadway systems can be offset by
installing enough RHPS units at feasible locations with
relatively good wind and solar resource.
• It will significantly reduce transportation operation cost
and reduce CO2 emission from producing electricity
using clean energy source instead of fossil fuel.
7. RHPS: Towards Energy-Plus Roadways
• Average US household consumes approx. 1000 KWH of power
per month
• Average intersection consumes approx. 220 KWH of power
per month
Energy saving by 300,000 signalized intersections in U.S.
powered by on-site-generated renewable energy
=
residential electricity for about 66,000 households.
8. Test Site
1 Bergey XL 1.0 KW
2 Solar panel: 420W
4 6-V 305-Ah batteries
84th and Hwy 2, Lincoln
11. Data at test site
• Monthly energy consumption is about 275 kWh at 84th &
Hwy2
• wind energy supplys nearly 30%
• The batteries are designed to support full operations at
the traffic signal for 5 to 6 hours at 50% battery
discharging level.
12. Improve Traffic Network Reliability
• In the City of Lincoln, 2674 power failures happened in
the service area of local utility agent Lincoln Electricity
Systems, during Jan1 2006 to Dec 7, 2010.
• Many of these power failures were caused by storms
and other inclement weather.
• In case of a power outage, the operations at a
signalized intersection are reverted back to all-way-stop
control, which can significantly degrade the operations.
13. Improve Traffic Network Reliability
In New York City on
August 14, 2003, due to
the Northeast
Blackout, approximately
11,600 signalized
intersections and 413
train sets operating
throughout the New York
City subway system lost
power, stranding over
400,000 customers.
59th Street Bridge, New York City, during August 2003 electrical blackout.
(Source: FHWA Final Report DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-04-04)
14. Improve Traffic Network Reliability
• The RHPS system won’t be affected by the grid power
failure.
• It would improve the stability and reliability of traffic
control system by providing with certain storage
capacity.
• Power backup system
Uninterruptable power supply(UPS) and battery bank
supply: full operation: 5-6 hours;
flashing: 8-10 hours;
during grid power failure or fluctuation
• Significantly reduce traffic delay during power outage
17. Traffic Network Power Outage Study
Power outage occurrence time distribution at some studied intersections
18. RHPS Design Optimization
• Power backup systems can provide alternative power source
for traffic control signals.
• The policy makers, with limited budgets and unlimited
demands, need a tool to choose signalized intersections that
can be provided with backup power.
• A decision support tool to determine the optimal location and
capacity of backup power in a city-wide or a smaller traffic
network. The tool will also assess if the backup system can be
economically augmented using renewable energy sources
such as a wind turbine and solar panels.
19. Other Projects on Transportation Infrastructure
• solar/wind hybrid powered street light installed in Minnesota
a 130 watts solar panel,
a 400 watts wind turbine
Cost: $4,600
Solar/wind hybrid generator
along with sufficient battery
storage provide a reliable
power source for rural ITS
applications
20. Other Projects on Transportation Infrastructure
• Solar powered parking lots
5,000 photovoltaic panels
Production:
more than 1000 megawatts per year
=
energy to power 114 households
Reduced CO2 emission:
1,900,000 pounds
=
annual emissions from 158 cars.
solar parking lot in Bordentown, NJ
21. Other Projects on Transportation Infrastructure
• Oregon solar highway
Ground-mounted PV array was installed at the interchange of I-5 and I-205
Cost: $1,280,000
Annual Electricity production: 112,000 kilowatt-hours
22. Concepts of Use Renewable Energy in
Transportation
• The Solar Roadways: replace all existing transportation
infrastructure like roads, parking, etc., with Solar Road
Panels that collect energy and provide sensor data
3 layers of road solar panels:
Road surface layer made of
translucent glass which is able to
provide strength and traction yet
pass sunlight,
Electronic layer collects power
from sensor and host some
circuitry,
Base plate layer is for power and
data distribution.