Bot Robo Tanker Sound Detector

SMART TANKER ROBOT FOE
SECURITY OPERATIONS IN THE
PROTECTED AREA WIT H WIRELESS
SECURED COMMUNICATION

AIM
Generally, Rescue People cannot enter into some parts / places
of the war field or in the earth quake affected areas due to the
situations aroused.
But actually speaking
1. Some people may be alive in that field(s)
2 Some people may be in the unconscious status
3.Some people may be injured / affected badly and cannot
move around
To over come this, or to avoid such unwanted
situations,are going to develop an Alive Human Being
Detector using PIR sensor and live working model

ABOUT THE PROJECT
In this project, we will have the Robot model, which will roam
around the war field / Earth quake affected area, which has a
free forward / Reverse and full 360 degree movement, to move
into the war filed / earth quake affected area, to find out the Alive
or Survived Human being(s) .
The Robot will have the PIR sensor, which will help to detect the
alive human beings, it consists of an IR based human radiation
sensor, which picks up signals from human body radiations and
gives a signal output. The human body radiates infrared waves
with wavelengths of 8 to 12 micrometers. Whenever any human
being comes in the vicinity of the system (upto 1m) the IR
system gives the Signal

ABOUT PROJECT….
The Movement of the Robot can be controlled from
the Remote location through a Remote Controller /
Remote Landline / Mobile phone.
The Robot also has a wireless RF Transmitter and
sends the message to the Remote Location
whenever it finds any alive human.
The RF Frequency Range is 433.92 MHz, ISM band
with AM and High Performance SAW based
architecture with a maximum range of 100 feet at
4800 BPS data rate.

ABOUT THE PROJECT
In this Project, we are building a Smart Security
Robot.
We are going to build the live working
Model, which will have the following
features
1. Live Working Mechanical Model of the
Robot
2. Wireless TX / Rx with 433.92 MHz, ISM
Band, 4 MHz Bandwidth, for Secured
Communication
3. IR SENSOR – Obstacle sensing
4. PIR SENSOR – Human being sensing
5.SOUND DETECTOR – Sound sensing

MAIN MODULES
Micro controller board
Opto coupler with stepper driver board
Sensor – PIR
Sensor – Fire / Flame, Temperature,
Intruder ,sound detector
Wireless Tx / Rx
Mechanical Model Features

Block diagram PC side

ALIVE HUMAN
BEING DETECTOR

Wireless RS 232
MC
RX

ALARM

BLOCK DIAGRAM ROBOT SIDE

ROBO MODEL
POWER SUPPLY MC
RELAY
RELAY DRIVER WIRELESS
DRIVER SUPPLY TX

STEPPER STEPPER
DRIVER BOARD MOTOR

SOUND FIRE PIR
DETECTION IR SENSOR SENSOR
SENSOR
SENSOR

COMPONENTS
Atmel controller
Stepper motor and driver
Encoder
Decoder
Max 232
Pir sensor
Intruder sensor
Sound detector
Fire sensor
Power supply board
buzzer

BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION
PC SIDE
In pc side we have wireless receiver
module ,controller, pc.
Receiver is connected with micro
controller.
Controller is connected with pc.

BLOCK EXPLANATION FOR ROBOT
SIDE
In this block diagram we have stepper
motor which is used for the movement
of the tanker robot.
For forward and reverse movement e
are using one stepper motor and
left,right movement we are using
another stepper motor.

SIDE
We have a opto coupler driver which is
used to drive the stepper motor.
We have PIR sensor to detect human
being,IR sensor to detect intruder, LDR
to detect fire, thermister to detect
temperature.

SIDE
Relay driver is used to drive the relay.
Relay is used to control the stepper
motor.
We have wireless TX module to
transmit the data to the remote location
using the radio frequency.

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
FOR PC SIDE
We are using atmel controller.
Max 232 is connected with one of the
port of the controller.
Max 232 is used to interface pc and
controller .
Max 232 converts TTL logic to RS 232
logic and vice versa.

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
FOR PC SIDE
Decoder is connected in one of the port
of the controller.
Decoder decodes the data and give it to
controller.
Buzzer is connected in one of the port
of the controller. Which raise an alarm
whenever a message is received.

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
FOR ROBOT SIDE
ENCODER is connected in one of the
Encoder encodes the data given by the
controller and wirelessly to the remote
location.
Stepper driver is connected in one of
the port of the controller.

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
FOR ROBOT SIDE
Relay driver is connected to one of the
Relay is connected in one of the port of
the controller.
Pir ,ir sensor ,LDR ,thermistor are
connected in one of the port of the
controller.

MICROCONTROLLER
4K Bytes of In-System Re programmable Flash Memory
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Six Interrupt Sources
• Programmable Serial Channel
• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-
performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer.
It has 4Kbytes of Flash programmable and
erasable read only memory (PEROM). The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-
density nonvolatile memory technology
It is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-
51 instruction set and pinout.

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

The major blocks of the power supply
units are :

Step down transformer
Rectifier Diodes
Filters
Voltage regulators

STEP DOWN TRANSFOMER
The instrument transformer for power
supply in this project is to convert AC from
230V to required low level such as 5V AC.
This transformer apart from stepping down
AC voltage, gives isolation between power
source and power supply circuitries.

RECTIFIER UNIT:
Diode contains two electrodes called
the anode and the cathode. A diode
has the property that will let electron
flow easily in one direction. As a
result when AC is applied to a
diode, electrons only flow when the
anode is positive and cathode is
negative.

Filter Unit
After pulsating DC has been produced by
our rectifier, it must be filtered in or for it
to be usable in a power supply. Filtering
involves the ripple frequency.

The power supply unit employed in this
project used 7805 voltage regulator (for
positive output voltages) and a 7905
regulator, (for negative output voltages).

regulator
The voltage regulators play an important role in any
power supply unit. The primary purpose of a regulator
is to aid the rectifier and filter circuit in providing a
constant DC voltage to the device. Power supplies
without regulators have an inherent problem of
changing DC voltage values due to variations in the
load or due to fluctuations in the AC liner voltage.
With a regulator connected to the DC output, the
voltage can be maintained within a close tolerant region
of the desired output. IC7812 and 7912 is used in this
project for providing +12v and –12v DC supply.

RELAY DRIVER
The electromechanical relays are
based on the
comparison between operating
torque/force and restraining torque/force.
The VA burden of such
relays is high.
The characteristics of these relays
have some limitations.
Each relay can perform only one
protective function.

Stepper motor
A typical single axis stepper system consists of a
stepper controller, a motor drive, a motor (with or
without gearbox), and a power supply.
A stepper is typically commanded by two digital
inputs: a digital pulse train and a direction bit.
The stepping drive and motor is used primarily for
position control. And unlike all other motor types,
stepper motor is moved in "steps" (just one step per
one command pulse) and will hold at its present
position if no command pulses are received.

Stepper driver
The stepper driver logic consists of
1. buffer
2. opto-coupler,
3. pre-driver
4. driver.
Buffer
Buffer interfaces 8255 with high-level
circuits(such as MOS.) for driving high
current loads.

Stepper driver…
Opto-coupler:
It consists of opto-emitter and phototransistor
in opto-emitter exists infra red radiation which in turn
drives the phototransistor.
Pre-driver:
We cannot directly couple the TIP122 (NPN)
to the opto-coupler since it requires large current for
driving. We use the driver SL100 to boost the current
level.
Driver:
The main principle of the driver is to amplify
the current. It amplifies the 50mA current to2A, which
is needed to drive the motor.

PIR SENSOR
PIR sensors are motion detectors, to
detect human being.
This sensor detects changes in infrared
heat, caused by human movement and
immune to pets

PIR SENSOR FEATURES
Max. Coverage Range -30 x 30 ft
Voltage - 9 to 16 VDC
Detector - Dual element low-noise
pyroelectric sensor
Operating Temperature--14°F to 122°F

FIRE SENSOR
LDR’s are employed to sense the Fire, Here we use
powerful and sensitive "LDR" (Light Dependent
Resistor) for the flame detection.
Normally LDR senses all the lights. But in our case
we have to sense only Blue and Yellow flame and
reject sunlight and other luminaries.
We have provided neces-sary circuit to reject
ambient and luminaries lightings and senses only
desired flame coloring. We are using simple and
effective potential divider to find out flame

ULTRA SONIC SENSOR
Ultrasonic occupant sensors activate a quartz
crystal that emits ultrasonic waves throughout
space .
The unit then senses the frequency of the
reflected waves.
If there is motion the reflected waves
frequency will shift slightly.ultrasonic sensors
operate at frequencies that are above human
sensitivity.

RS 232
The most common communication interface
for short distance is RS-232.
RS-232 defines a serial communication for
one device to one computer communication
port, with speeds upto 19,200 baud.
Typically 7 or 8 bits (on/off) signal are
transmitted to represent a character or
digit.The 9 pin connector is used.

MAX 232
It has four level translators, two of which are RS232
transmitters that convert TTL CMOS input levels into
+ 9V RS232 outputs.
The Max 232 is a dual RS-232 receiver / transmitter
that meets all EIA RS232C specifications while using
only a +5V power supply.
It has 2 onboard charge pump voltage converters
which generate +10V and –10V power supplies from
a single 5V power supply.

MAX 232
These receivers have a nominal threshold of 1.3V, a
typical hysterics of 0.5V and can operate upto + 30V
input.
1. Suitable for all RS232 communications.
2. +12V power supplies required.
3. Voltage quadruple for input voltage up to 5.5V
(used in power supply Section of computers,
peripherals, and modems).
Three main sections of MAX232 are
1. A dual transmitter
2. A dual receiver
3. +5V to + 10V dual charge pump voltage converter.

ENCODER
The TP 5088 is a low threshold voltage_ field-
implanted_ metal gate CMOS integrated circuit' It
interfaces directly to a standard telephone keypad
and generates all dual tone multi-frequency pairs
required in tone-dialing systems' The tone
synthesizers are locked to an on-chip reference
oscillator using an inexpensive 3'579545 MHz crystal
for high tone accuracy' The crystal and an output load
resistor are the only external components required for
tone generation' A MUTE OUT logic signal_ which
changes state when any key is depressed_ is also
provided‘.

FEATURES
3'5V–10V operation when generating tones
2V operation of key scan and MUTE logic
Static sensing of key closures or logic inputs
On-chip3'579545 MHz crystal-controlled
oscillator
Output amplitudes proportional to supply
voltage
High group pre-emphasis
Low harmonic distortion
Open emitter-follower low-impedance output
SINGLE TONE INHIBIT pin

DECODER
In this Project the main operation is performed by
this IC Cm8870 i.e., the main DTMF to BCD
Conversion is done thro this IC only. Let us know
the Features and Functions of this IC
Features
Full DTMF receiver
Less than 35mW power consumption
Industrial temperature range
Uses quartz crystal or ceramic resonators
Adjustable acquisition and release times

RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
This is the RF based Transmitter and Receiver
module, which can facilitate the remote applications.
The process using the Radio - Frequency spectrum
for Transmitting and Receiving Voice, Data and
Video signals by which information(s) are shared is
known as Wireless Communication .
Radio Frequency - A range of electromagnetic
frequencies above sound and below visible light,
generally in the 30Khz to 300GHz range, used for all
broadcast transmission including AM and FM radio,
television, short-wave, microwave, and satellite
transmissions.

RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
FEATURES
Complete super regenerative RF Transmitter &
Receiver Module operating @ 433.92 MHz
Compact in Size & Model
No External Components & No tuning is required.
High Performance SAW based architecture with a
maximum range of 100 feet @ 4800 bps data rate.
Low Power Consumption
RF Receiver Module - 433.92 MHz (FT-COM-RX2),
Bandwidth–4 MHz
RF Transmitter Module -433.92 MHz (FT-COM-
TX2), Bandwidth – 4 MHz

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
All the sensor are connected to one of the
port pin of controller.
To drive the stepper motor we have
relays.these relays are connected to one of
the port pin of the controller.
Opto coupler stepper driver circuit is
connected to the one of the port of the
controller.
Encoder is connected with one of the port of
the controller.

Explanation…..
Stepper motor is used for forward ,reverse,left
,right movement of the robo model.
Whenever any sensor detects corresponding
signal from the sensor is given to micro
controller.
Micro controller encodes these data send
wirelessly to the remote unit.
In receiver side this data will be received by
rx receiver.
Decoder in the circuit is decodes the data and
give it to controller

Explanation….
Micro controller send this data to the pc
through max 232.
Max 232 coverts TTL logic to RS 232
logic.
In pc we have written visual basic code .
Received data will be displayed on the
pc.

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Bot Robo Tanker Sound Detector

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