1. The spanish era Towards the Hispanization of the Natives

3. Language

4. Custom

5. Arts and

7. Reduccion The Spanish authorities clustered the Filipino population into village settlements where they could more easily be instructed. Spanish urbanization was centered in the city of Manila, within a walled city called Intramuros.

8. Intramuros

9. Churches

10. Churches

11. SCHOOLS

12. roads

13. Bahaynabato

14. Bahaynabato comedor azotea

15. Social structure

17. Insulares = Spaniards who grew up in the Philippines

18. Spanish Mestizos = half-Spaniards

19. Principalia = former Filipino tribe leaders before the invasion of Spain (datus, rajahs, maharlikas and others)

20. Chinese Mestizos = half-Chinese

21. Chinese = Chinese living in the Philippines

23. education The subjects taught were catechism, reading and writing in the dialect, music, arithmetic, and trades and industries. The Spanish aristocracy tried to distinguish themselves from indios through the use of language and level of education.

24. education Higher education was established exclusively for Spaniards and Filipinos, referring to those born in the colony to Spanish parents. Colleges and universities were closed to indios.

25. education Colleges, which later, became universities, were also established. Examples of these are: University of Sto.Tomas, Ateneo de Manila, San Juan de Letran, etc. Schools and nunnery for women were also introduced.

26. education School for boys were separated from that of the girls. Courses such as Law, Medicine, Engineering were limited only to males. Females were given special education in the colegio (regular schools for girls) and in the beaterio (combined school and nunnery).

28. Pasion

29. Doce Pares de Francia, Bernardo Carpio, Adela at Florante written by Jose de la Cruz

30. Lam-Ang by Pedro Bukaneg

32. Development of infrastructure and public utilities Puente Colgante (Quezon bridge): the first suspension bridge in the Far East. Public Lighting System: used with coconut oil as fuel (1814). By 1893, the walled city (Intramuros) and suburbs were already powered by electricity, with the founding of the La Electricista de Manila.

33. Galleon trade Through the galleon trade (derived from the name of the ships used to transport goods from one country to another), American-Asian commerce flourished, but only a very few privileged Spaniards were benefited.

34. Galleon trade

35. Christianity Christianity is considered as Spain’s greatest and lasting legacy in the country. The Christianization (Roman Catholic) of the Filipinos was really the most outstanding achievement of the Spanish missionaries. And as a result of the missionaries’ apostolic labors, the Filipino people have become uniquely the only Christian nation in the entire Asian world.

36. Christianity The Spaniards converted much of the Philippines to Christianity except for Mindanao and Sulu. The striking resemblances between the pre-colonial religion and Catholicism have made the latter acceptable to the local inhabitants.

37. Images of Catholicism

38. Images of Catholicism Pahiyas

39. Images of Catholicism Dancing in Obando

40. Images of Catholicism Peñafrancia Festival