This document appears to be a seminar paper in Slovenian on the topic of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and potential risks. It contains sections that discuss GMOs in food for humans, in bioindustry, and in medicine. It also contains a section on assessing risks of GMOs for ecosystems. The document includes sources and appears to be intended to facilitate a guided discussion on issues related to GMOs.

1. GENSKO SPREMENJENI ORGANIZMI
in potencialna tveganja.
UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI
BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA
ODDELEK ZA BIOLOGIJO
Seminarska naloga pri predmetu Bioterorizem
(mentor: doc. dr. Martin Batič)
Ljubljana, 2013
Nejc DRAGANJEC in Kaja MIVŠEK

2. Struktura predstavitve
• Uvod in definicija pojmov
• GSO v prehrani ljudi
• GSO v bioindustriji
• GSO v medicini
• GSO in ekosistemi
• Vprašanja
• VODENA DISKUSIJA

3. Uvod in definicija
• GSO
• Biotehnologija
• Zagovorniki
• Nasprotniki
• Znanje je ključ
h t t p : / / i m a g e s h a c k . u s /

4. Ocena tveganja GSO v prehrani ljudi
• GENSKA TEHNOLOGIJA IN ŽIVILA
• Nenaravna transgenetika
• Nepredvidena interakcija in izražanje gena
• POTENCIALNA TVEGANJA
• Alergični odzivi
• Onkološke spremembe
• Pobeg faktorjev rezistence na antibiotike
h t t p : / / s t a r t a r o m . b l o g s p o t . c o m

5. Ocena tveganja GSO v bioindustriji
• PROTOKOL O BIOLOŠKI VARNOSTI
• OZNAČEVANJE GS
• ETIČNA VPRAŠANJA
• Dostopnost tehnologije
• Testi za neozdravljive bolezni
• Strošek za raziskave in razvoj
• Lastništvo genetske informacije
• Evgenika in razlikovanje na podlagi DNA
http://www.atrbiotech.com

6. Ocena tveganja GSO v medicini
• TVEGANJA NISO OMEJENA
• Predvsem prelivanje na področje ekologije
• UPORABA GSO
• Kompeticija s patogeni
• Predatorstvo patogenov
• Parazitoizem patogenov
• GENSKI INŽENIRING NA ČLOVEKU
• Tkivni inženiring
• Sistemski
• Družbeno-etična vprašanja
http://www.47project.com/

7. Ocena tveganja GSO za okolje
• VELIK POTENCIAL
• Bioremediacija
• Biološki nadzor
• Širjenje možnih obdelovalnih površin
• VELIKA TVEGANJA
• Pobeg genskih sprememb
• Zamenjava tarče
• Rušenje biotske raznovrstnosti
• Manjšanje genetske pestrosti
• PREVIDNOSTNI PRINCIP
h t t p : / / d a y p r e s s . g r /

8. Vprašanja

9. Viri
• Cohen-Haguenauer O. 1995. Overwiev of regulation of gene therapy in Europe: A current statement including reference to US
regulation. Human gene therapy, 6: 773–785
• Isner J. M., Vale P. R., Symes J. F., Losordo D. W. 2001. Assessment of Risks Associated With Cardiovascular Gene Therapy
in Human Subjects. Circulation Research, 89: 389–400
• Snow A. A., Andow D. A., Gepts P., Hallerman E. M., Power A., Tiedje J. M., Wolfenbarger L. L. 2005. Genetically engineered
organisms and the environment: current status and recommendations. Ecological applications, 15, 2: 377–404
• Frey J. 2007. Biological safety concepts of genetically modified live bacteial vaccines. Vaccine, 25: 5598–5605
• Moolten F. L. in Cupples L. A. 1992. A Model for Predicting the Risk of Cancer Consequent to Retroviral Gene Therapy. Human
Gene Therapy, 3, 5: 479–486
• Codex Alimentarius: About codex (2012); http://www.codexalimentarius.org/about-codex/en/ (20. dec. 2012)
• Miklavčič B. 2000. Gensko spremenjena hrana. 1. Izdaja. Ljubljana, KVM Grafika d.o.o.
• Republika Slovenija-ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje. Delovna področja. Hrana in krma. Gensko spremenjeni organizmi (gso)
in soobstoj gensko spremenjenih rastlin (gsr) z ostalimi kmetijskimi rastlinami.
http://www.mko.gov.si/si/delovna_podrocja/hrana_in_krma/gensko_spremenjeni_organizmi_gso_in_soobstoj_gensko_spremen
jenih_rastlin_gsr_z_ostalimi_kmetijskimi_rastlinami/ (20. dec. 2012)
• Komel R. 2010. Genetika-od dvojne vijačnice do kloniranja. Izbor besedil za izbirni predmet. Gensko inženirstvo in
biotehnologija, 20–47
• Wu F. 2006. Mycotoxin reduction in Bt corn: potential economic, health, and regulatory impacts. Transgenic Research, 15:
277–289
• Jones L. 1999. Genetically modified foods. Journal List BMJ, 27, 318 (7183): 581–584
• Bennet P. M., Livesey C.T., Nathwani D., Reeves D. S., Saunders J. R., Wise R. 2004. An assessment of the risks
associated with the use of antibiotic resistance genes in genetically modified plants: report of the Working Party of the British
Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemoterapy, 53: 418–431
• Finegold D. L., Bensimon C.M., Daar A. S., Godart Margaret Eaton Beatrice, Knoppers Bartha Maria, Mackie Jocelyn E.,
Singer P. A. 2005. Bioindustry Ethics. 2. izdaja. UK, Elseiver Inc.: 2–12 str.
• Weng T. L., Huimin Z. 2009. Industrial Biotechnology: Tools and applications. Biotechnology Journal, 12: 1725–1739

10. Diskusija
• KDO JE ZA GSO, KDO JE PROTI IN KDO VZDRŽAN?
• 1. predavanje
12
17
12
vzorec: 41 vprašanih
za
proti
vzdržani

11. Diskusija
• GS prehrana
• Kaj bi opravičilo „tveganja“?
• Zdravljenje z GSO
• GSO domače živali
• Fluorescenčna ribica
• Biološka kontrola z GSO
• Mikoparazitizem ali mikocini?
h t t p : / / w w w . g l o f i s h . c o m /
h t t p : / / l i v i n g g r e e n m a g . c o m /

12. Diskusija
„I want to start with some apologies. For the record, here and upfront, I
apologize for having spent several years ripping up GM crops. I am
also sorry that I helped to start the anti-GM movement back in the mid
1990s, and that I thereby assisted in demonizing an important
technological option which can be used to benefit the environment.
As an environmentalist… I could not have chosen a more counter-
productive path. I now regret it completely.
So I guess you’ll be wondering—what happened… that made me not
only change my mind but come here and admit it? … I discovered
science, and in the process I hope I became a better environmentalist.“
~ Mark Lynas