The document discusses solar energy and smart grids. It provides an introduction to solar energy concepts and technologies like solar thermal, photovoltaics, and concentrated solar power. It covers the benefits of solar including being abundant and emissions-free, as well as challenges like intermittency. World status of solar is increasing, with costs decreasing and capacity growing significantly year-over-year. Smart grids are needed to support renewable energy sources like solar by enabling two-way communication between producers and consumers. Singapore is working to increase solar installations and research through programs like the Solar Energy Research Institute.
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Solar Energy Presentation to School Children
1. Solar Energy
& Smart Grids
Nilesh Y. Jadhav
Program Manager/Senior Scientist
Energy Research Institute @NTU
Energy Research2012 @ NTU
30 July Institute 1
2. Centre for Centre for Maritime Solar Energy & Centre for
Sustainable Energy Energy Research Solar Fuels Centre Electromobility
Research (CSER) (CMER) (SEFC) w/ TUM
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
3. About the presenter
Program Manager & Senior
Scientist at Energy Research
Institute @NTU
13 years diverse industry
experience in Singapore and
Netherlands
Research Interests: Solar Energy,
Green Buildings, Electromobility
Founder: Avani Consultancy and
Marketing Pte Ltd
Nationality: Singaporean
Founder Solarika.org- the facebook
Most Recent Priced Possession:
“Solar Cell 158 on Solar Impulse” of Solar Energy
nilesh@solarika.info
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
4. Outline of presentation
Introduction to Solar Energy concepts/technology
Benefits and challenges of solar energy
World Status and achievements
Why do we need Smart Grids?
Singapore perspective
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Energy Research Institute @ NTU
5. Energy Challenges
World population is expanding rapidly and will
likely reach over ~9 billion before stabilizing
Energy use is directly proportional to the
standard of living
Energy demand is skyrocketing
Standard methods of producing energy have a
limited supply and have unacceptable impacts
on the environment 5
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
7. Global Warming- The solution
Reduce the use of conventional
energy via energy efficiency
measures
Use Renewable sources of
energy such as solar and
wind power
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
8. Solar Energy – A Bright Idea!
Thomas Edison
“I’d put my money on the sun and solar
energy. What a source of power! I hope
we don’t have to wait ‘til oil and coal run
out before we tackle that.”
“Solar” is the Latin word for “sun” – and
it’s a powerful source of energy. In fact,
the sunlight that shines on the Earth in just
one hour could meet world energy
demand for an entire year!
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
9. Solar Energy – The most abundant !
No other energy source compares to the energy potential of solar.
Energy Research Institute @ NTU 9
10. Solar Energy harnessing technologies
Solar Thermal
Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
Solar Thermal
Concentration
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV)
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
11. How Does Solar Heating Work?
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
13. How Does Solar PV – Electricity Work
Photovoltaic (PV) systems
convert light energy directly
into electricity.
Commonly known as “solar
cells.”
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
14. Evolution of PV materials
Nanosolar
Iowa Thin Film Tech
Munich airport
(BP Solar) EPV SOlar
ERSOL
• bulk crystalline Silicon • a-Si, CdTe, CIGS, CZTS • DSSC
• high cost • thin film, lower cost • organic and nanomaterials
• rigid substrate • possibility of printing • extremely thin (<100nm)
• rooftop, solar field • building façade, window coating • printable
Cost and versatility
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
15. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
Such systems use lenses or mirrors (“reflectors”) and tracking
systems to focus a large area of sunlight onto a small area
(“receivers”).
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
16. Introduction to Solar Energy Concepts/Technology
YouTube video link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDZzAIcCQLQ
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
18. Benefits
The energy from the Sun is the most abundant form of energy available
at all times.
Sun's energy is there to stay and its not diminishing like the reserves of
fossil fuel.
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
19. Benefits
Zero emissions
No noise pollution
No risks of explosion, fire and chemicals
Low maintenance
No running costs (energy is ‘free’)
Independently installed
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
20. And the challenges…
o not available at night
o requires a lot of land
o high initial investment
o intermittent
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
21. World Status and Achievements
of Solar Energy
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Energy Research Institute @ NTU
26. Solar PV Market Players
China has dominated the Solar Manufacturing market
Top 10 manufacturers control ~30% of the market
Still Quite a Fragmented market
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
27. Solar Energy Achievements
Germany makes 50% electricity by Solar a reality !
25th May 2012
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
28. Solar Energy Achievements
Largest Solar Boat
Went around the world
(60,000 km)
Only on Solar Power!
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
29. Solar Energy Achievements
SOLAR IMPULSE
Flew an overnight flight (26
hours, reached a maximum
altitude of 8,700 m)
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
Only on Solar Power!
31. Singapore Energy Needs
80% of our electricity is produced by burning ‘natural gas’, which is
imported from Indonesia and Malaysia
Highly reliable and robust electricity grid (Low interruption frequency)
Energy Demand is growing and we are sometimes quoted as the highest
carbon dioxide emitting country per capita
31
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
32. Solar Installations in Singapore
Total Installations: ~2.5 MWp
(65 nos.)
Largest installation: 500 kWp
(Resort World Sentosa)
HDB Installations: 650 kWp
(30 nos.)
Electricity Production =14-16%
For more information, see:
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Energy Research Institute @ NTU
33. Singapore Solar Energy Interests
• EDB hosted Clean Energy Research
Program (CERP) is focused on Solar
• Solar Energy Research Institute (SERIS)
for R&D on solar along with Energy
Research Institute @ NTU
• Attracted world’s top integrated solar
company REC (S$ 3 billion investment in
phase-1)
• Zero Energy Building fully powered by
solar energy 33
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
34. Singapore specific issues
Diffused sunlight due to cloud cover: reduces PV efficiency
Temperature of PV modules up to 65 0C: reduces PV efficiency
Sun passes directly overhead: best place is on roof-top
Grid connected PV systems >1MW have to apply for wholesaler
license from EMA, >10 MW apply for generator license
Momentary restriction on grid integrated solar power to 350MW
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Energy Research Institute @ NTU
35. Why do we need
Smart Grids?
35
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
36. The Smart Grids story
Thomas Edison Alexander Graham Bell
Early Inventor of Electric Grids Inventor of Telephone
36
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
37. Smart Grids
+ Communication
Power plant to grid operator
Grid operator to utility
services
Utility services to consumers
Electricity Grid
Consumers to Appliances
37
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
38. Possibilities with a Smart Grid
Data driven decision making
Controlling electricity use in real time
Choosing your source of power from
utilities
Integrating Renewables
Integrating electric vehicles
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Energy Research Institute @ NTU
39. Smart Grid: Enabling the renewable era
YouTube Video link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8cM4WfZ_Wg
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Energy Research Institute @ NTU
40. Solar Energy is Intermittent (on and off)
Store it in a battery $$$$$
Or increase back-up 40
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
41. Smart Grids initiative in Singapore
Installing Smart Meters at NTU Campus and others
Communication technology tests
Home automation systems demo Intelligent Energy Systems Project
Courtesy: EMA
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
42. Thank You
For much more information and connections visit: http://Solarika.org
Facebook.com/solarika twitter.com/solarika_org
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Energy Research Institute @ NTU
Notas del editor
The Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) focuses on the areas of sustainable energy, energy efficiency/ infrastructure and socio-economic aspects of energy research. Research activities and considerable expertise in these areas exists within NTU’s research centres and schools. ERI@N provides a unique platform, where the various disciplines such as materials, power electronics and systems, biological, physical, social sciences, as well as humanities and business communities interact to explore new solutions to a host of issues including energy generation, harnessing, storage, distribution, efficiency, as well as impact on climate change and global warming.The Institute and its research centres have considerable expertise and strength in areas of fuel cells, wind & tidal energy, charge storage devices, photovoltaics, microgrids and smart energy systems, and collectively provide an integrated set of expertise from materials design & synthesis, device fabrication and modeling, and systems integration and optimization. Major facilities includes 3 cleanrooms for microfabrication, complete facilities for solar cells, charge storage, fuel cells fabrication and characterization, advanced materials synthesis and characterisation (TEMs/FESEM/XRD/FIB/ surface analysis).
Solar energy has been harnessed by mankind for a long time but the technological developments have been rather slow to evolve. Along with the benefits of using solar energy as a clean and renewable source of meeting our energy needs, there are several challenges such as large land requirements and intermittency in production of electricity. The intermittency of solar electricity output in some places poses challenges for electricity grid operation and a "smarter" grid needs to evolve to adjust to this kind of distributed generation. To support the growth and development of solar energy to tackle climate change issues, the support of governments and research institutions is crucial. This talk shall cover the benefits, challenges and technology developments of solar energy and smart grids, and highlight Singapore specific issues related to these future energy technologies. Speaker: Mr Nilesh Jadhav, Senior Scientist, NTU.
Global warming is an inconvenient truth that nobody is willing to accept and own responsibility for. There is clear evidence of the impacts of global warming e.g. artic sea ice melting and impacting the life of millions of species including polar bears.
Energy efficiency can help reducing the rate of increase in energy demand. However renewable energy is required to ensure that energy provided sustainably to the future generations.
Alexander Graham Bell will not recognize the smart phones of today as the evolution of what he invented long ago. Thomas Edison can still recognize the electricity grids, as they look very similar for 100s of years.
Grid operators are always busy forecasting and matching the supply from the generators to the demand from consumers. Over a day, the demand profile of a typical city grid goes from a low base load (mostly at night time) to a high peak demand (mostly during office hours). Supply is managed by “dispatching” generating assets i.e., making them run harder during peak A less costly option is to use “smart” demand-response management to shift flexible loads to a time when more renewable energy is available. This, however, is not straightforward considering the socio-economic aspects of implementation necessary to make it successful, and consumers may not like their appliances being managed by grid operators. Therefore, it is necessary to find a demand response approach, such as variable motor drives, where a resource with sufficient capacity to be partially ramped up and down will have no significant effect on the consumers.