Tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which is usually spread through the air from person to person via coughs or sneezes. It initially infects the lungs but can spread to other organs. Risk factors for tuberculosis infection include conditions that weaken the immune system, especially HIV/AIDS. Some strains of the bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics.
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Introduction
• Tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis. Often abbreviated TB.
• Pictures of Tuberculosis Bacterium
• Passed on from person to person via droplets of mucus
or saliva. This often happens when a person
coughs, sneezes, talks, etc.
3. Infection
• Once in the body, different things may happen:
1. The person has a strong immune system and the
bacteria is destroyed quickly.
2. The person will develop a latent infection and the
bacteria will be present in the body, but there are no
symptoms and it is not contagious.
3. The person will become immediately sick and will
be contagious.
• The infection first reaches the lungs, specifically the
alveoli.
4. Infection (continued)
• The bacteria then enters the lymphatic system and
the bloodstream and spreads to other organs.
• The bacteria tends to multiply in organs that have
high oxygen pressures, like parts of the
lungs, kidneys, bone marrow, and the membrane
coverings of the brain and spinal cord called
meninge.
Tuberculosis in the spine TB infected deer lung
5. Risk Factors
• A risk factor is a variable associated with an
increased risk of disease or infection.
• Risk factors include: alcoholism, IV drug
abuse, poor living conditions, low body
weight, and certain diseases. A huge one of
these diseases is the HIV/AIDS virus.
A man with Tuberculosis and HIV
6. HIV/AIDS and TB
• HIV weakens the immune system, so a Tuberculosis
infection is more likely.
• Because of this, everyone who has HIV is tested for
Tuberculosis.
• Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in HIV
patients around the world.
• In 2009, of the 1.7 million people who died of
tuberculosis, 400,000 (24%) of them were living with
HIV.
Symbol for TB/HIV coinfection
7. Bacterial Resistance
• The TB bacteria has become resistant to many
antibiotics. It usually takes about 6 months to kill all
of the bacteria, but many people don’t continue to
take their medication for that long, because most TB
patients begin to feel better after a few weeks.
• Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has
evolved and is resistant to at least two of the four
drugs regularly used to treat TB. The next level is
extensively drug-resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB).
Which is rare, but is extremely dangerous.
9. Tuberculosis Facts
• It is estimated that 1/3 of the worlds population is infected
with TB. Most of these people, however, have a latent
infection, and experience no symptoms.
• The average untreated TB patient infects 10 to 15 people a
year.
• A little less than 2 million people die each year.
• Tuberculosis is most prevalent in India, China, and several
countries in Africa.
• 5-10% of Americans have Tuberculosis.
• Tuberculosis has been affecting humans since 3000 BCE
• Over 500 million people have died of TB over the course of
history.
10. Conclusion, 5 main points
• Tuberculosis is caused by a bacteria that spreads from
person to person via tiny droplets of mucus or saliva
• There are certain risk factors associated with TB.
• The biggest one of these risk factors is the HIV virus.
• Many strains of TB have become resistant to the
antibiotics used to treat it.
• Tuberculosis starts out in the lungs, and then is spread to
other parts of the body through the bloodstream and
lymphatic system.
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