Philippine Milestones on Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Management
Ms. Teresita Samson Castillo
Vice-Minister, Department of Environment and Natural Resources Philippines
2010 Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
3-7 May 2010
Philippine Milestones on Coastal Marine Management
1. Philippine Milestones on
Coastal and Marine
2010
Global Conference on
Gl b l C f
Oceans, Coasts,
Biodiversity Management
and Islands
3-7 May 2010
Ms. Teresita Samson Castillo
Vice-Minister, Department of Environment and Natural Resources Philippines
p pp
3. Marine Biodiversity in the Philippines
M i Bi di it i th Phili i
The Philippines, being situated at the
Philippines
apex of the coral triangle, is considered
to be the richest marine eco-region in
the
th world.
ld
NASA Blue Marble
4. M i Bi di it i th
Marine Biodiversity in the
Philippines
pp
Coastal and marine ecosystems
y
• Beaches
• mangrove forests
mangrove forests
• coral reefs
• seagrass beds
• soft‐bottom communities (especially estuaries)
• open marine waters and small islands
open marine waters and small islands
6. Coastal and Marine Resources of the Philippines
Major Threats to Marine Biodiversity
Major Threats to Marine Biodiversity
1. Human‐induced and direct stresses on species
and ecosystem biodiversity
and ecosystem biodiversity
• Overexploitation through unsustainable fishing
• Use of destructive fishing methods
• Deforestation
• Aquarium and souvenir trade
• Expanding human settlements
p g
• Coastal pollution
• Dredging and land reclamation
Dredging and land reclamation
• Coastal development
9. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Status of Coral Reefs (as
of 2009):
f )
キ 468 species
scleractinian corals;
キ 50+ species soft corals;
キ 25,000 km2 estimated
cover, with most
diverse and most
extensive in the
southern and central
southern and central
parts of the country;
10. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Status of Coral Reefs:
キ Coral reefs contribute up to 70% of the
total fishery production; and
キ Small fishers who comprise about 62% of
the population living along coastal areas
the population living along coastal areas
are directly dependent on reefs for their
livelihood
11. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Issues on Coral Reefs:
キ Philippines is considered to be one
of the highly threatened reef areas
in the world
キ Philippine reefs may be in a
steady state of decline (from 5%
to 3% to >1%)
キ Widespread coral bleaching;
キ Invasive species and Crown of
Thorns starfish infestations
12. Excellent coral cover condition with several colonies of the
branching coral Acropora formosa (upper right) with foliose coral
Montipora foliosa
13. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Status of Seagrasses:
キ The Philippines has the
second highest seagrass
diversity in the world;
di it i th ld
キ It contributes about 19
species or about 55% of the
species or about 55% of the
number of species in East
Asia;
キ Seagrasses in the Philippines
are now distributed over an
area about 27,282 sq. m.
b 27 282
14. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Issues on Seagrasses:
キ decline in coastal water quality ;
キ degradation of environment and
g
resources; and
キ human‐induced
disturbances.
15. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Status of Fisheries:
キ Pelagic fish production contributed
70% of the country’s total marine
capture fisheries;
キ Fisheries production shows
continuing upward trend, with
significant contribution of the
significant contribution of the
aquaculture and mariculture sectors,
particularly seaweeds.
キ Recent data on exploitation rates of
p ( pp )
selected fish species (n= 129 spp.)
showed high extraction patterns
16. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Mangroves: Status and
Issues
キ Th i
There is a significant
i ifi t
decline in mangrove forest
cover due to the
cover due to the
conversion of mangrove
forests to fishponds;
キ Mangrove forest areas
were issued with Fishpond
Leasing Agreements in
Leasing Agreements in
1973‐2002, causing a
g g
significant damage to the
ecosystem.
17. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Other Marine Resources: Status
キ 5 species of Marine Turtles are found
in the Philippines;
キ 1755 reef‐associated fish species
キ 168 species of cartilaginous fishes ;
キ 820 species of algae;
18. STATUS OF PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND
MARINE RESOURCE/ECOSYSTEM
Other Marine Resources: Status
キ 648 species of mollusks;
648 species of mollusks;
キ 1062species of seaweeds
including sea algae; and
i l di l d
キ 27 species of marine mammals
have been classified as
threatened species)
Phil. Website
From WWF-P
20. Managing Threats: Coastal & Marine Resources/
Ecosystem Conservation and Management
E t C ti dM t
Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) ‐
Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) ‐
national strategy for the sustainable
development of the country’s coastal and
p f y
marine environment and resources
‐ addresses the interlinkages among
addresses the interlinkages among
associated watersheds, estuaries and
wetlands, and coastal seas, and also
among all relevant national and local
agencies, civil society, and the private
sectors
21. Managing Threats: Coastal & Marine Resources/ Ecosystem
Conservation and Management
Conservation and Management
Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) –
Involves Action Plans/Strategies on the ff:
I l A i Pl /S i h ff
•Habitat Management
•Fisheries Management
•Fisheries Management
•Shoreline management
g
•Waste Management
•Enterprise and Livelihood Development
•Sustainable Coastal Tourism
•Coastal Zoning
•Legal and Institutional Development
•Risk/coastal hazard management
•Risk/coastal hazard management